Global efforts to transform power systems are accelerating,yet the localized patterns and trajectories of this transition-crucial for equitable and regionally tailored policy-making-remain insufficiently explored.This...Global efforts to transform power systems are accelerating,yet the localized patterns and trajectories of this transition-crucial for equitable and regionally tailored policy-making-remain insufficiently explored.This study introduces a comprehensive subnational dataset of global power plants,encompassing nine energy types and spanning the years 2015 to 2020.Through spatial statistics,clustering,and cross-regional comparisons,we identify distinct trajectories of power capacity change across energy types and regions.While decarbonization remains a clear global trend,structurally disadvantaged or over-averaged regions are still at risk of being overlooked.To better understand these transition dynamics,we conducted a machine learning-based driver analysis,which highlights the dominant influence of development-related factors such as electricity demand and economic growth.The openly accessible dataset fills a critical gap in global energy data and offers a standardized,robust framework for analyzing regional power infrastructure development.Its design enables fine-grained,dynamic assessments of transition pathways and facilitates interdisciplinary research across energy,climate,and policy domains.展开更多
China is the largest producer and consumer of fruits and vegetables in the world.Although the annual planting areas of orchards and vegetable fields(OVF)account for 20%of total croplands,they consume more than 30%of t...China is the largest producer and consumer of fruits and vegetables in the world.Although the annual planting areas of orchards and vegetable fields(OVF)account for 20%of total croplands,they consume more than 30%of the mineral nitrogen fertilizers in China and have become hotspots of reactive N emissions.Excess N fertilization has not only reduced the N use efficiency(NUE)and quality of grown fruits and vegetables but has also led to soil acidification,biodiversity loss and climate change.Studies using 15N labeling analysis showed that the recovery rate of N fertilizer in OVFs was only 16.6%,and a high proportion of fertilizer N resided in soils(48.3%)or was lost to the environment(35.1%).Nitrate accumulation in the soil of OVFs is the main fate of N fertilizer in northern China,which threatens groundwater quality,while leaching and denitrification are the important N fates of N fertilizer in southern China.Therefore,taking different measures to reduce N loss and increase NUE based on the main pathways of N loss in the various regions is urgent,including rational N fertilization,substituting mineral N fertilizers with organic fertilizers,fertigation,and adding mineral N fertilizers with urease inhibitors and nitrification inhibitors.展开更多
China has set up its ambitious carbon neutrality target,which mainly relies on significant energy-related carbon emissions reduction.As the largest important contributing sector,power sector must achieve energy transi...China has set up its ambitious carbon neutrality target,which mainly relies on significant energy-related carbon emissions reduction.As the largest important contributing sector,power sector must achieve energy transition,in which critical minerals will play an essential role.However,the potential supply and demand for these minerals are uncertain.This study aims to predict the cumulative demand for critical minerals in the power sector under different scenarios via dynamic material flow analysis(DMFA),including total demands,supplies and production capacities of different minerals.Then,these critical minerals are categorized into superior and scarce resources for further analysis so that more detailed results can be obtained.Results present that the total minerals supply will not meet the total minerals demand(74260 kt)in 2060.Serious resource shortages will occur for several key minerals,such as Cr,Cu,Mn,Ag,Te,Ga,and Co.In addition,the demand for renewable energy will be nearly fifty times higher than that of fossil fuels energy,implying more diversified demands for various minerals.Finally,several policy recommendations are proposed to help improve the overall resource efficiency,such as strategic reserves,material substitutions,and circular economy.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(71904125)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(23QA1404900)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(23ZR1434100)the Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region——Action Plan of Shanghai Jiao Tong University for“Revitalizing Inner Mongolia through Science and Technology”(2025XYJG0001-01-08).
文摘Global efforts to transform power systems are accelerating,yet the localized patterns and trajectories of this transition-crucial for equitable and regionally tailored policy-making-remain insufficiently explored.This study introduces a comprehensive subnational dataset of global power plants,encompassing nine energy types and spanning the years 2015 to 2020.Through spatial statistics,clustering,and cross-regional comparisons,we identify distinct trajectories of power capacity change across energy types and regions.While decarbonization remains a clear global trend,structurally disadvantaged or over-averaged regions are still at risk of being overlooked.To better understand these transition dynamics,we conducted a machine learning-based driver analysis,which highlights the dominant influence of development-related factors such as electricity demand and economic growth.The openly accessible dataset fills a critical gap in global energy data and offers a standardized,robust framework for analyzing regional power infrastructure development.Its design enables fine-grained,dynamic assessments of transition pathways and facilitates interdisciplinary research across energy,climate,and policy domains.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0200106)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41671295)the 111 Project(B12007).
文摘China is the largest producer and consumer of fruits and vegetables in the world.Although the annual planting areas of orchards and vegetable fields(OVF)account for 20%of total croplands,they consume more than 30%of the mineral nitrogen fertilizers in China and have become hotspots of reactive N emissions.Excess N fertilization has not only reduced the N use efficiency(NUE)and quality of grown fruits and vegetables but has also led to soil acidification,biodiversity loss and climate change.Studies using 15N labeling analysis showed that the recovery rate of N fertilizer in OVFs was only 16.6%,and a high proportion of fertilizer N resided in soils(48.3%)or was lost to the environment(35.1%).Nitrate accumulation in the soil of OVFs is the main fate of N fertilizer in northern China,which threatens groundwater quality,while leaching and denitrification are the important N fates of N fertilizer in southern China.Therefore,taking different measures to reduce N loss and increase NUE based on the main pathways of N loss in the various regions is urgent,including rational N fertilization,substituting mineral N fertilizers with organic fertilizers,fertigation,and adding mineral N fertilizers with urease inhibitors and nitrification inhibitors.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFC1908501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.72088101,71904125,71810107001,and 71690241)。
文摘China has set up its ambitious carbon neutrality target,which mainly relies on significant energy-related carbon emissions reduction.As the largest important contributing sector,power sector must achieve energy transition,in which critical minerals will play an essential role.However,the potential supply and demand for these minerals are uncertain.This study aims to predict the cumulative demand for critical minerals in the power sector under different scenarios via dynamic material flow analysis(DMFA),including total demands,supplies and production capacities of different minerals.Then,these critical minerals are categorized into superior and scarce resources for further analysis so that more detailed results can be obtained.Results present that the total minerals supply will not meet the total minerals demand(74260 kt)in 2060.Serious resource shortages will occur for several key minerals,such as Cr,Cu,Mn,Ag,Te,Ga,and Co.In addition,the demand for renewable energy will be nearly fifty times higher than that of fossil fuels energy,implying more diversified demands for various minerals.Finally,several policy recommendations are proposed to help improve the overall resource efficiency,such as strategic reserves,material substitutions,and circular economy.
