Objectives:Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains a major contributor to global cancer mortality,ranking second worldwide for cancer-related deaths in 2022,and is characterized by marked heterogeneity in prognosis and therapeu...Objectives:Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains a major contributor to global cancer mortality,ranking second worldwide for cancer-related deaths in 2022,and is characterized by marked heterogeneity in prognosis and therapeutic response.We sought to construct a machine-learning prognosticmodel based on a complement-related risk signature(CRRS)and to situate this signature within the CRC immune microenvironment.Methods:Transcriptomic profiles with matched clinical annotations from TCGA and GEO CRC cohorts were analyzed.Prognostic CRRS genes were screened using Cox proportional hazards modeling alongside machine-learning procedures.A random survival forest(RSF)predictor was trained and externally validated.Comparisons of immune infiltration,mutational burden,pathway enrichment,and drug sensitivity were made between risk groups.The function of FAM84A,a key model gene,was examined in CRC cell lines.Results:The six-gene CRRS model accurately stratified patients by survival outcomes.Low-risk patients exhibited greater immune cell infiltration and higher predicted response to immunotherapy and chemotherapy,while high-risk patients showed enrichment of complement activation and matrix remodeling pathways.FAM84A was shown to promote CRC cell proliferation,migration,and epithelial–mesenchymal transition.Conclusion:CRRS is a critical modulator of the CRC immune microenvironment.The developed model enables precise risk prediction and supports individualized therapeutic decisions in CRC.展开更多
The aqueous-phase hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol using non-noble metal catalysts is constrained by the low activity of catalysts,necessitating high temperatures and high hydrogen pressures,and posing ch...The aqueous-phase hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol using non-noble metal catalysts is constrained by the low activity of catalysts,necessitating high temperatures and high hydrogen pressures,and posing challenges in controlling furfuryl alcohol selectivity.Herein,a Co nanoparticle catalyst supported on nitrogendoped carbon derived from MOFs is reported,which adopts a synergistic strategy to enhance catalytic perfor-mance.The nitrogen doping simultaneously promotes hydrogen spillover on the catalyst surface and reduces surface acidity,thereby suppressing acid-catalyzed side reactions.This dual function enables the selective hy-drogenation of-C=O groups to-CH_(2)OH groups in water under mild conditions.Furfural reached 98%con-version with 95%selectivity of furfuryl alcohol at 135℃ and under hydrogen pressure close to atmospheric(0.4 MPa)in 2 h.This study allows a low energy-consuming method for producing furfuryl alcohol from hemicellulose-derived furfural,and provides a promising strategy for the conversion of renewable biomassderived compounds into high value-added chemicals.展开更多
Ti750s titanium alloy,a novel high-temperature titanium alloy designed for short-term service at elevated temperatures(700–750℃),has previously lacked comprehensive understanding of its hot processing behavior.In th...Ti750s titanium alloy,a novel high-temperature titanium alloy designed for short-term service at elevated temperatures(700–750℃),has previously lacked comprehensive understanding of its hot processing behavior.In this study,the high-temperature deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of the Ti750s alloy were systematically investigated through thermal simulation compression tests conducted at temperatures ranging from 900 to 1070℃and strain rates between 0.1 and 10 s⁻1.A hot processing map was constructed using the dynamic material model to optimize the hot processing parameters.The results indicated that the optimal processing window was between 1040 and 1070℃with a strain rate of 0.1 s⁻1.Processing within the instability region resulted in localized plastic deformation,manifesting as pronounced shear bands and a highly heterogeneous strain distribution;this region should be avoided during hot deformation.Within theα+βphase safety zone characterized by low power dissipation rates between 0.32 and 0.4,the primary deformation mechanism in this region was dynamic recovery(DRV),where the lamellarαgrains underwent deformation and rotation.Conversely,in theα+βphase safety zone with high-power dissipation rates between 0.45 and 0.52,dynamic spheroidization of theαphase and dynamic recrystallization(DRX)of theβphase occurred concurrently.In theβphase safety zone with low power dissipation rates between 0.32 and 0.51,the primary deformation mechanism consisted of DRV ofβgrains,accompanied by limited DRX.However,in theβphase safety zone with high-power dissipation rates exceeding 0.56,both DRV and DRX ofβgrains took place,resulted in a significant increase in the size and number of recrystallized grains compared to those observed under low power dissipation conditions.展开更多
Lipid peroxidation mediated by oxygen radical is one of the main mechanisms underlying secondary brain injury. Among all vitamin E compounds, α-tocopherol shows the most prominent antioxidative effects. It plays an i...Lipid peroxidation mediated by oxygen radical is one of the main mechanisms underlying secondary brain injury. Among all vitamin E compounds, α-tocopherol shows the most prominent antioxidative effects. It plays an important role in cell aging and injury. However, there has been no report regarding the effects of α-tocopherol on changes in brain tissue morphology after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), cerebral edema, or the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins. We use SD rats to carry out the related studies;based on the atlas of SD rats, the caudate nucleus was positioned using a stereotaxic apparatus, and 50 μl autologous tail artery blood was injected to caudate nucleus in the ICH and α-tocopherol groups to establish ICH model. Rats in the sham surgery group received the same volume of saline in the caudate nucleus. Rats in the α-tocopherol group received intraperitoneal injections of α-tocopherol at 600 mg/kg every day. Rats in the ICH group and sham surgery group received the same amount of saline at the same times as those in the α-tocopherol group. We observed some interesting results: comparisons of brain tissue sections of rats from different groups showed that brain tissue damage and functional neurological deficits among rats from the α-tocopherol group were less pronounced than in the ICH group. Wet weight/ dry weight measurement showed that rats from the α-tocopherol group exhibited less cerebral edema than those in the ICH group. Rats from the α-tocopherol group showed less Bax expression and more Bcl-2 expression than those in the ICH group.展开更多
Rolling texture and its effect on tensile properties of Ti60 alloy plates were investigated in the present study. The plates were β-rolled at 1070℃ and(α+β)-rolled at 980℃, using uni-directionally rolling(UDR) an...Rolling texture and its effect on tensile properties of Ti60 alloy plates were investigated in the present study. The plates were β-rolled at 1070℃ and(α+β)-rolled at 980℃, using uni-directionally rolling(UDR) and cross-directionally rolling(CDR) processes, respectively.β-rolled plates exhibited weak textures, which were attributed to the dispersive orientations of secondary α during the β→α phase transformation. Strong deformation textures formed in(α+β)-rolled plates as a result of slipping mechanisms: the strong T-type texture in UDR plate was related to {10 1 0}[11 2 0] slipping, while the B-type texture in CDR plate was relevant with {0001}[11 2 0] slip. Strong T-type textures led to anisotropic tensile properties. B-type textures would decrease such an anisotropy. The(α+β)-CDR process was found to be a candidate process for reducing anisotropy of Ti60 alloy plates.展开更多
In addition to restoration of bladder, bowel, and motor functions, alleviating the accompanying debilitating pain is equally important for improving the quality of life of patients with spinal cord injury(SCI). Curren...In addition to restoration of bladder, bowel, and motor functions, alleviating the accompanying debilitating pain is equally important for improving the quality of life of patients with spinal cord injury(SCI). Currently,however, the treatment of chronic pain after SCI remains a largely unmet need. Electrical spinal cord stimulation(SCS) has been used to manage a variety of chronic pain conditions that are refractory to pharmacotherapy. Yet, its efficacy, benefit profiles, and mechanisms of action in SCI pain remain elusive, due to limited research, methodological weaknesses in previous clinical studies, and a lack of mechanistic exploration of SCS for SCI pain control. We aim to review recent studies and outline the therapeutic potential of different SCS paradigms for traumatic SCI pain. We begin with an overview of its manifestations,classification, potential underlying etiology, and currentchallenges for its treatment. The clinical evidence for using SCS in SCI pain is then reviewed. Finally, future perspectives of pre-clinical research and clinical study of SCS for SCI pain treatment are discussed.展开更多
This paper considers a UAV communication system with mobile edge computing(MEC).We minimize the energy consumption of the whole system via jointly optimizing the UAV's trajectory and task assignment as well as CPU...This paper considers a UAV communication system with mobile edge computing(MEC).We minimize the energy consumption of the whole system via jointly optimizing the UAV's trajectory and task assignment as well as CPU's computational speed under the set of resource constrains.To this end,we first derive the energy consumption model of data processing,and then obtain the energy consumption model of fixed-wing UAV's flight.The optimization problem is mathematically formulated.To address the problem,we first obtain the approximate optimization problem by applying the technique of discrete linear state-space approximation,and then transform the non-convex constraints into convex by using linearization.Furthermore,a concave-convex procedure(CCCP) based algorithm is proposed in order to solve the optimization problem approximately.Numerical results show the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
Although the development of titanium alloys with working temperatures above 600?C faces enormous difficulties and challenges,the related research has not stopped.In the present work,detailed analyses on microstructure...Although the development of titanium alloys with working temperatures above 600?C faces enormous difficulties and challenges,the related research has not stopped.In the present work,detailed analyses on microstructure evolution and hot deformation behavior of a new temperature resistant 650?C titanium alloy Ti65 were investigated from micrometer scale to nanometer scale.The results revealed that lamellarαgrains gradually fragmentized and spheroidized during theα+βphase region compression and the orientation of the c-axis ofαgrains gradually aligned to radial directions,forming two high Schmid factors(SFs)value texture eventually with the increase of strain to 0.7.Moreover,there were some strengthening characters in theα+βphase region such as lenticularαsand nano silicide(TiZr)6 Si3.In theβphase region,fine equiaxed dynamic recrystallized(DRX)βgrains were formed.Besides,the variant selection ofαm′artensite followed Burgers orientation relationship during the compression process.The main deformation mechanisms of theα+βphase region were dislocation slip and orientation dependent spheroidization.Whereas,the deformation process in theβphase region was controlled byβgrain DRX.Interestingly,many nano scale FCC twins were generated at the interface ofαl′ath during deforming in theβphase region,which was firstly observed in Ti65 alloy.展开更多
The mill products like sheet always have one or more severe textures inevitably,and its effect on mechanical properties is not a negligible issue.The orientation dependent tensile-creep behavior induced by rolling tex...The mill products like sheet always have one or more severe textures inevitably,and its effect on mechanical properties is not a negligible issue.The orientation dependent tensile-creep behavior induced by rolling texture of Ti65 titanium alloy sheet has been systematically investigated at 650℃.There are some anisotropic characteristics between TD and RD of Ti65 sheet.The UTS and TYS of TD are higher than RD at 650℃.Besides,the creep endurance time of TD(172.6–174.5 h)is about three times longer than RD(55.6–65.1 h)at 650℃and 240 MPa.Moreover,the grains are inclined to form Texture III■after creep along with TD,but to form Texture I■after creep along with RD.Finally,the crack initiation site is different during creep in TD and RD.The reason for anisotropic properties of tensile and creep has been summarized in two aspects:(i)the change of the SFs(Schmid factors)value between TD and RD;(ii)the difference of creep mechanism between TD(grain boundary sliding)and RD(dislocation slip).Anisotropy of Ti65 sheet should be fully considered to increase structural efficiency in the engineering design and application.展开更多
Microstructure, hardness, tensile and high cycle fatigue （HCF） properties of the welded dissimilar joints of Ti60 and TC17 titanium alloys had been investigated in this study. A significant microstructural change wa...Microstructure, hardness, tensile and high cycle fatigue （HCF） properties of the welded dissimilar joints of Ti60 and TC17 titanium alloys had been investigated in this study. A significant microstructural change was observed to occur after welding, with rod-like α and β phases in the fusion zone （FZ）, equiaxed et phases, fine α laths and β phases in the heat-affected zone （HAZ） of TCl7 side and acicular martensite α＇ phases＋＂ghost＂ α phases in the HAZ of Ti60 side, The microhardness across the joints exhibited an inhomogeneous distribution with the highest hardness of ~404 HV in FZ and the lowest hardness of ~304 HV in base material （BM） of Ti60. All the joints tested in tension fractured at BM of Ti60 side. Fatigue limits of the joints at 107 cycles were 425 MPa at room temperature and 380 MPa at 400 ℃, respectively. Welding micropores were found to be the main source of fatigue crack initiation.展开更多
Trees on sand dunes are more sensitive to environmental changes because sandy soils have extremely low water holding capacity and nutrient availability. We investigated the dynamics of soil respiration(Rs) for seconda...Trees on sand dunes are more sensitive to environmental changes because sandy soils have extremely low water holding capacity and nutrient availability. We investigated the dynamics of soil respiration(Rs) for secondary natural Litsea forest and plantations of casuarina,pine, acacia and eucalyptus. Results show that significant diurnal variations of Rsoccurred in autumn for the eucalyptus species and in summer for the pine species, with higher mean soil respiration at night. However, significant seasonal variations of Rswere found in all five forest stands. Rschanged exponentially with soil temperatures at the 10-cm depth; the models explain 43.3–77.0% of Rs variations. Positive relationships between seasonal Rsand soil moisture varied with stands. The correlations were significant only in the secondary forest, and the eucalyptus and pine plantations. The temperature sensitivity parameter(Q10 value) of Rsranged from 1.64 in casuarina plantation to 2.32 the in secondary forest; annual Rswas highest in the secondary forest and lowest in the pine plantation. The results indicate that soil temperatures and moisture are the primary environmental controls of soil respiration and mainly act through a direct influence on roots and microbial activity. Differences in root biomass, quality of litter,and soil properties(pH, total N, available P, and exchangeable Mg) were also significant factors.展开更多
An experimental study of dwell and normal cyclic fatigue behaviours was carried out using specimens from a Ti60 forging with a bimodal microstructure. Apparent decrease in the fatigue life was found under dwell fatigu...An experimental study of dwell and normal cyclic fatigue behaviours was carried out using specimens from a Ti60 forging with a bimodal microstructure. Apparent decrease in the fatigue life was found under dwell fatigue condition as compared to that under normal cyclic condition. Strain produced in each cycle in dwell fatigued specimens was observed larger than that in its normal cyclic-fatigued counterparts. Interior crack initiation was found in most dwell fatigued specimens as compared to the subsurface crack initiation under normal cyclic fatigue condition. Flat and bright facets were found at crack initiation sites in both cases. The facet density is higher in dwell condition, which is consistent with the crystal orientation and Schmid factors analysis of α grains around secondary cracks using electron back-scattered diffraction （EBSD） methods. Dwell loading favours cleavage in α grains with their basal plane normals aligned no more than 15° to the loading axis, which may account for its lower fatigue life according to the present study.展开更多
The deformation mechanism,microstructure evolution,and precipitation behavior of a Mg-8.9Gd-1.8Y-0.5Zr-0.2Ag(wt.%)alloy multi-directionally forged at three different temperatures were investigated.As the forging tempe...The deformation mechanism,microstructure evolution,and precipitation behavior of a Mg-8.9Gd-1.8Y-0.5Zr-0.2Ag(wt.%)alloy multi-directionally forged at three different temperatures were investigated.As the forging temperature increases,the particle-stimulated nucleation(PSN)effect diminishes as the num-ber of dynamic precipitates decreases,pyramidal slip is activated,grain boundary migration accelerates,and continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX)dominates.The microstructures varied greatly,although fine-grained structures were formed at all different forging temperatures.Competitive precipitation be-tween dynamic precipitate growth,dislocation-induced precipitation,and homogeneous precipitation was observed after aging treatment.Among them,the medium temperature(748 K)forged and aged alloy ex-hibits the best mechanical performance,with an ultimate tensile strength of 436 MPa,and elongation of 16.3%.The calculation indicates that the mixed precipitation structure containing theβprecipitate band provides a 35%higher strengthening contribution than the typical homogeneously distributed precipi-tates.The formation of precipitation-free zones(PFZs)ensures that aging will not cause a dramatic de-crease in ductility,which provides a reference for the industrial preparation of high-performance wrought Mg-Gd series alloys.展开更多
Multidirectional forging(MDF)was successfully applied to fabricate large-size Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr-Ag alloy in this work and effects of T4,T5 and T6 treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-forged...Multidirectional forging(MDF)was successfully applied to fabricate large-size Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr-Ag alloy in this work and effects of T4,T5 and T6 treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-forged alloy were analyzed.Results show that dynamic recrystallization(DRX)occurs and second phase particles precipitate along the grain boundary during the MDF process.After annealing treatment(T4),the volume fraction and size of dynamic precipitates slightly increase at a lower temperature(430℃)compared with those of MDFed sample,while they are dissolved into theα-Mg matrix at a higher temperature(450℃).At the meantime,short plate-shaped long-period stacking ordered(LPSO)phases are observed in the DRX grains of the MDFed sample and then dissolved into theα-Mg matrix during annealing at both temperatures.Typical basal texture is identified in the MDFed sample,but the basal pole tilts away from final forging direction and rare-earth texture component with<1121>orientation parallel to penultimate forging direction becomes visible after annealing.The T6 sample annealing at 430℃for 4 h and ageing at 200℃for 34 h exhibits the superior strength and ductility in this study.The ultimate tensile strength,tensile yield strength and elongation to failure,which is 455 MPa,308 MPa and 7.7%,respectively,are overall improved compared with the directly-aged(T5)sample.This paper provides a superior heat treatment schedule to manufacture high-performance large-scale Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr-Ag components for industrial production.展开更多
The tensile deformation behavior and corresponding microstructure evolution of the Mg-4.7Gd-3.4Y-1.2Zn-0.5Zr(at.%)magnesium alloy with long period stacking structure(LPSO)are studied by electron backscatter diffractio...The tensile deformation behavior and corresponding microstructure evolution of the Mg-4.7Gd-3.4Y-1.2Zn-0.5Zr(at.%)magnesium alloy with long period stacking structure(LPSO)are studied by electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)and slip lines methods.The results show that less and very small size of twins is observed in the grains with high value of Schmid factor for twinning,which indicates that the growth of the{10–12}twinning deformation is prevented by the LPSO phase.The prismatic lines present in grains of which the prismatic slip Schmid factor is above 0.4.The favorable orientation and LPSO phase synergistically promote the activation of prismatic slip.The inhomogeneous rotation of the grains during deformation is the reason for the microcrack at grain boundary.展开更多
Electron beam welding （EBW） was applied to a 10-mm-thick plate cut from Ti-6246 compressor disk. The microstructural characteristics, microhardness and room temperature tensile properties were investigated. Microstr...Electron beam welding （EBW） was applied to a 10-mm-thick plate cut from Ti-6246 compressor disk. The microstructural characteristics, microhardness and room temperature tensile properties were investigated. Microstructure observations indicated that there existed plenty of thin needle-like α platelets studding in the matrix of the columnar β grains in the as-welded fusion zone （FZ）. Post-weld heat treat- ment （PWHT） led to the precipitation of small secondary α platelets in the β matrix in heat affected zone and FZ. The thickness and the density of α platelets increased as the temperature of PWHT increased from 545 to 645 C. The microhardness across the Ti-6246 EBWjoint exhibited a nonuniform distribution. The hardness increased with the decrease of distance to the weld center, and reached the maximum of 467 HV in FZ when PWHT was carried out at 595 C. All the weldments tested with tension were fractured at the base material （BM） and exhibited a ductile fracture mode. The major deformation barrier in BM was the platelet α/β interfaces, however, the major deformation barrier in FZ was found to be β grain boundaries and secondary α/β interfaces. The BM with thicker platelet α phases had lower strength than the other two zones in the joint, and the BM deformed first and led to fracture in this zone.展开更多
Mg-6.75Zn-0.57Zr-0.4Y-0.18Gd(wt.%)sheet with typical basal texture was produced by cross rolling and annealing.Room temperature tensile tests were subsequently conducted along rolling direction(RD),transverse directio...Mg-6.75Zn-0.57Zr-0.4Y-0.18Gd(wt.%)sheet with typical basal texture was produced by cross rolling and annealing.Room temperature tensile tests were subsequently conducted along rolling direction(RD),transverse direction(TD),and diagonal direction(RD45).Deformation mechanism and orientation evolution during the tension were investigated by quasi-in-situ electron backscatter diffraction observation and in-grain misorientation axis analysis.The results indicate that the activation of deformation mechanism mainly depends on the initial grain orientation.For RD sample,prismatic<a>slip plays an important role in the deformation of grains with<0001>axis nearly perpendicular to the RD.With the<0001>axis gradually tilted towards the RD,basal<a>slip becomes the dominant deformation mode.After the tensile fracture,the initial concentrically distributed{0001}pole is split into double peaks extending perpendicular to the RD,and the randomly distributed{1010}pole becomes parallel to the RD.The evolution in{0001}and{1010}poles during tension is related to the lattice rotation induced by basal<a>slip and prismatic<a>slip,respectively.TD and RD45 samples exhibit similar deformation mechanism and orientation evolution as the RD sample,which results in the nearly isotropic mechanical properties in the annealed cross-rolled sheet.展开更多
A bulk nanocrystalline AZ31B Mg alloy with extraordinarily high strength was prepared via cryogenic rotary swaging in this study.The obtained alloy shows finer grains,higher strength,and a negligible tension-compressi...A bulk nanocrystalline AZ31B Mg alloy with extraordinarily high strength was prepared via cryogenic rotary swaging in this study.The obtained alloy shows finer grains,higher strength,and a negligible tension-compression yield asymmetry,compared with that prepared via room-temperature rotary swaging.Transmission electron microscopy investigations showed that at the initial stage,multiple twins,mostly tension twins,were activated and intersected with each other,thereby refining the coarse grains into a fine lamellar structure.Then,two types of nanoscale subgrains were generated with increasing swaging strain.The first type of nanoscale subgrain contained twin boundaries and low-angle grain boundaries.This type of subgrain appeared at the twin-twin intersections and was mainly driven by high local stress.The second type of nanoscale subgrain was formed within the twin lamellae.The boundaries of this type of subgrain did not contain twin boundaries and were transformed from massive dislocation arrays.Finally,randomly oriented nanograins were obtained via dynamic recrystallization,under the combined function of deformation heat and increased stored energy.Compared with room-temperature rotary swaging,cryogenic rotary swaging exhibits a slower grain refinement process but a remarkably enhanced grain refinement effect after the same five-pass swaging.展开更多
Sugarcane is a prominent source of sugar and ethanol production.Genetic analysis for trait improvement of sugarcane is greatly hindered by its complex genome,long breeding cycle,and recalcitrance to genetic transforma...Sugarcane is a prominent source of sugar and ethanol production.Genetic analysis for trait improvement of sugarcane is greatly hindered by its complex genome,long breeding cycle,and recalcitrance to genetic transformation.The protoplast-based transient transformation system is a versatile and convenient tool for in vivo functional gene analysis;however,quick and effective transformation systems are still lacking for sugarcane.Here,we developed an efficient protoplast-based transformation system by optimizing conditions of protoplasts isolation and PEG-mediated transformation in S.spontaneum.The yield of viable protoplasts was approximately 1.26×107 per gram of leaf material,and the transformation efficiency of 80.19%could be achieved under the optimized condition.Furthermore,using this approach,the nuclear localization of an ABI5-like bZIPs transcription factor was validated,and the promoter activity of several putative DNase I hypersensitive sites(DHSs)was assessed.The results indicated this system can be conveniently applied to protein subcellular localization and promoter activity assays.A highly efficient S.spontaneum mesophyll cell protoplast isolation and transient transformation method was developed,and it shall be suitable for in vivo functional gene analysis in sugarcane.展开更多
文摘Objectives:Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains a major contributor to global cancer mortality,ranking second worldwide for cancer-related deaths in 2022,and is characterized by marked heterogeneity in prognosis and therapeutic response.We sought to construct a machine-learning prognosticmodel based on a complement-related risk signature(CRRS)and to situate this signature within the CRC immune microenvironment.Methods:Transcriptomic profiles with matched clinical annotations from TCGA and GEO CRC cohorts were analyzed.Prognostic CRRS genes were screened using Cox proportional hazards modeling alongside machine-learning procedures.A random survival forest(RSF)predictor was trained and externally validated.Comparisons of immune infiltration,mutational burden,pathway enrichment,and drug sensitivity were made between risk groups.The function of FAM84A,a key model gene,was examined in CRC cell lines.Results:The six-gene CRRS model accurately stratified patients by survival outcomes.Low-risk patients exhibited greater immune cell infiltration and higher predicted response to immunotherapy and chemotherapy,while high-risk patients showed enrichment of complement activation and matrix remodeling pathways.FAM84A was shown to promote CRC cell proliferation,migration,and epithelial–mesenchymal transition.Conclusion:CRRS is a critical modulator of the CRC immune microenvironment.The developed model enables precise risk prediction and supports individualized therapeutic decisions in CRC.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22379131,22278049,22278049,and U24A20559)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M733216)+1 种基金Henan Science and Technology Department(242300421355)the Dalian High-Level Talent Innovation Program(2024RJ017).
文摘The aqueous-phase hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol using non-noble metal catalysts is constrained by the low activity of catalysts,necessitating high temperatures and high hydrogen pressures,and posing challenges in controlling furfuryl alcohol selectivity.Herein,a Co nanoparticle catalyst supported on nitrogendoped carbon derived from MOFs is reported,which adopts a synergistic strategy to enhance catalytic perfor-mance.The nitrogen doping simultaneously promotes hydrogen spillover on the catalyst surface and reduces surface acidity,thereby suppressing acid-catalyzed side reactions.This dual function enables the selective hy-drogenation of-C=O groups to-CH_(2)OH groups in water under mild conditions.Furfural reached 98%con-version with 95%selectivity of furfuryl alcohol at 135℃ and under hydrogen pressure close to atmospheric(0.4 MPa)in 2 h.This study allows a low energy-consuming method for producing furfuryl alcohol from hemicellulose-derived furfural,and provides a promising strategy for the conversion of renewable biomassderived compounds into high value-added chemicals.
基金supported by the National basic scientific research projects(JCKY2021204A004)the National Ministries and Commissions Projects(2019-112hbz)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52271113).
文摘Ti750s titanium alloy,a novel high-temperature titanium alloy designed for short-term service at elevated temperatures(700–750℃),has previously lacked comprehensive understanding of its hot processing behavior.In this study,the high-temperature deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of the Ti750s alloy were systematically investigated through thermal simulation compression tests conducted at temperatures ranging from 900 to 1070℃and strain rates between 0.1 and 10 s⁻1.A hot processing map was constructed using the dynamic material model to optimize the hot processing parameters.The results indicated that the optimal processing window was between 1040 and 1070℃with a strain rate of 0.1 s⁻1.Processing within the instability region resulted in localized plastic deformation,manifesting as pronounced shear bands and a highly heterogeneous strain distribution;this region should be avoided during hot deformation.Within theα+βphase safety zone characterized by low power dissipation rates between 0.32 and 0.4,the primary deformation mechanism in this region was dynamic recovery(DRV),where the lamellarαgrains underwent deformation and rotation.Conversely,in theα+βphase safety zone with high-power dissipation rates between 0.45 and 0.52,dynamic spheroidization of theαphase and dynamic recrystallization(DRX)of theβphase occurred concurrently.In theβphase safety zone with low power dissipation rates between 0.32 and 0.51,the primary deformation mechanism consisted of DRV ofβgrains,accompanied by limited DRX.However,in theβphase safety zone with high-power dissipation rates exceeding 0.56,both DRV and DRX ofβgrains took place,resulted in a significant increase in the size and number of recrystallized grains compared to those observed under low power dissipation conditions.
文摘Lipid peroxidation mediated by oxygen radical is one of the main mechanisms underlying secondary brain injury. Among all vitamin E compounds, α-tocopherol shows the most prominent antioxidative effects. It plays an important role in cell aging and injury. However, there has been no report regarding the effects of α-tocopherol on changes in brain tissue morphology after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), cerebral edema, or the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins. We use SD rats to carry out the related studies;based on the atlas of SD rats, the caudate nucleus was positioned using a stereotaxic apparatus, and 50 μl autologous tail artery blood was injected to caudate nucleus in the ICH and α-tocopherol groups to establish ICH model. Rats in the sham surgery group received the same volume of saline in the caudate nucleus. Rats in the α-tocopherol group received intraperitoneal injections of α-tocopherol at 600 mg/kg every day. Rats in the ICH group and sham surgery group received the same amount of saline at the same times as those in the α-tocopherol group. We observed some interesting results: comparisons of brain tissue sections of rats from different groups showed that brain tissue damage and functional neurological deficits among rats from the α-tocopherol group were less pronounced than in the ICH group. Wet weight/ dry weight measurement showed that rats from the α-tocopherol group exhibited less cerebral edema than those in the ICH group. Rats from the α-tocopherol group showed less Bax expression and more Bcl-2 expression than those in the ICH group.
文摘Rolling texture and its effect on tensile properties of Ti60 alloy plates were investigated in the present study. The plates were β-rolled at 1070℃ and(α+β)-rolled at 980℃, using uni-directionally rolling(UDR) and cross-directionally rolling(CDR) processes, respectively.β-rolled plates exhibited weak textures, which were attributed to the dispersive orientations of secondary α during the β→α phase transformation. Strong deformation textures formed in(α+β)-rolled plates as a result of slipping mechanisms: the strong T-type texture in UDR plate was related to {10 1 0}[11 2 0] slipping, while the B-type texture in CDR plate was relevant with {0001}[11 2 0] slip. Strong T-type textures led to anisotropic tensile properties. B-type textures would decrease such an anisotropy. The(α+β)-CDR process was found to be a candidate process for reducing anisotropy of Ti60 alloy plates.
基金supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R01NS70814 and R21NS99879 to YG)
文摘In addition to restoration of bladder, bowel, and motor functions, alleviating the accompanying debilitating pain is equally important for improving the quality of life of patients with spinal cord injury(SCI). Currently,however, the treatment of chronic pain after SCI remains a largely unmet need. Electrical spinal cord stimulation(SCS) has been used to manage a variety of chronic pain conditions that are refractory to pharmacotherapy. Yet, its efficacy, benefit profiles, and mechanisms of action in SCI pain remain elusive, due to limited research, methodological weaknesses in previous clinical studies, and a lack of mechanistic exploration of SCS for SCI pain control. We aim to review recent studies and outline the therapeutic potential of different SCS paradigms for traumatic SCI pain. We begin with an overview of its manifestations,classification, potential underlying etiology, and currentchallenges for its treatment. The clinical evidence for using SCS in SCI pain is then reviewed. Finally, future perspectives of pre-clinical research and clinical study of SCS for SCI pain treatment are discussed.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61702149,U1709220)
文摘This paper considers a UAV communication system with mobile edge computing(MEC).We minimize the energy consumption of the whole system via jointly optimizing the UAV's trajectory and task assignment as well as CPU's computational speed under the set of resource constrains.To this end,we first derive the energy consumption model of data processing,and then obtain the energy consumption model of fixed-wing UAV's flight.The optimization problem is mathematically formulated.To address the problem,we first obtain the approximate optimization problem by applying the technique of discrete linear state-space approximation,and then transform the non-convex constraints into convex by using linearization.Furthermore,a concave-convex procedure(CCCP) based algorithm is proposed in order to solve the optimization problem approximately.Numerical results show the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
基金the Major State Research Development Program of China(No.2016YFB0701305)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51801156)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(Nos.2018JQ5035 and 2019JM-584)for the financial support.
文摘Although the development of titanium alloys with working temperatures above 600?C faces enormous difficulties and challenges,the related research has not stopped.In the present work,detailed analyses on microstructure evolution and hot deformation behavior of a new temperature resistant 650?C titanium alloy Ti65 were investigated from micrometer scale to nanometer scale.The results revealed that lamellarαgrains gradually fragmentized and spheroidized during theα+βphase region compression and the orientation of the c-axis ofαgrains gradually aligned to radial directions,forming two high Schmid factors(SFs)value texture eventually with the increase of strain to 0.7.Moreover,there were some strengthening characters in theα+βphase region such as lenticularαsand nano silicide(TiZr)6 Si3.In theβphase region,fine equiaxed dynamic recrystallized(DRX)βgrains were formed.Besides,the variant selection ofαm′artensite followed Burgers orientation relationship during the compression process.The main deformation mechanisms of theα+βphase region were dislocation slip and orientation dependent spheroidization.Whereas,the deformation process in theβphase region was controlled byβgrain DRX.Interestingly,many nano scale FCC twins were generated at the interface ofαl′ath during deforming in theβphase region,which was firstly observed in Ti65 alloy.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51801156)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2019JM-584).
文摘The mill products like sheet always have one or more severe textures inevitably,and its effect on mechanical properties is not a negligible issue.The orientation dependent tensile-creep behavior induced by rolling texture of Ti65 titanium alloy sheet has been systematically investigated at 650℃.There are some anisotropic characteristics between TD and RD of Ti65 sheet.The UTS and TYS of TD are higher than RD at 650℃.Besides,the creep endurance time of TD(172.6–174.5 h)is about three times longer than RD(55.6–65.1 h)at 650℃and 240 MPa.Moreover,the grains are inclined to form Texture III■after creep along with TD,but to form Texture I■after creep along with RD.Finally,the crack initiation site is different during creep in TD and RD.The reason for anisotropic properties of tensile and creep has been summarized in two aspects:(i)the change of the SFs(Schmid factors)value between TD and RD;(ii)the difference of creep mechanism between TD(grain boundary sliding)and RD(dislocation slip).Anisotropy of Ti65 sheet should be fully considered to increase structural efficiency in the engineering design and application.
文摘Microstructure, hardness, tensile and high cycle fatigue （HCF） properties of the welded dissimilar joints of Ti60 and TC17 titanium alloys had been investigated in this study. A significant microstructural change was observed to occur after welding, with rod-like α and β phases in the fusion zone （FZ）, equiaxed et phases, fine α laths and β phases in the heat-affected zone （HAZ） of TCl7 side and acicular martensite α＇ phases＋＂ghost＂ α phases in the HAZ of Ti60 side, The microhardness across the joints exhibited an inhomogeneous distribution with the highest hardness of ~404 HV in FZ and the lowest hardness of ~304 HV in base material （BM） of Ti60. All the joints tested in tension fractured at BM of Ti60 side. Fatigue limits of the joints at 107 cycles were 425 MPa at room temperature and 380 MPa at 400 ℃, respectively. Welding micropores were found to be the main source of fatigue crack initiation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31570604,41371269)The Basal Research Fund of Fujian provincial Public Scientific Research Institution support(2014R1011-7)the Casuarina Research Center of Engineering and Technology,and the Key Laboratory of Forest Culture and Forest Product Processing Utilization of Fujian Province
文摘Trees on sand dunes are more sensitive to environmental changes because sandy soils have extremely low water holding capacity and nutrient availability. We investigated the dynamics of soil respiration(Rs) for secondary natural Litsea forest and plantations of casuarina,pine, acacia and eucalyptus. Results show that significant diurnal variations of Rsoccurred in autumn for the eucalyptus species and in summer for the pine species, with higher mean soil respiration at night. However, significant seasonal variations of Rswere found in all five forest stands. Rschanged exponentially with soil temperatures at the 10-cm depth; the models explain 43.3–77.0% of Rs variations. Positive relationships between seasonal Rsand soil moisture varied with stands. The correlations were significant only in the secondary forest, and the eucalyptus and pine plantations. The temperature sensitivity parameter(Q10 value) of Rsranged from 1.64 in casuarina plantation to 2.32 the in secondary forest; annual Rswas highest in the secondary forest and lowest in the pine plantation. The results indicate that soil temperatures and moisture are the primary environmental controls of soil respiration and mainly act through a direct influence on roots and microbial activity. Differences in root biomass, quality of litter,and soil properties(pH, total N, available P, and exchangeable Mg) were also significant factors.
文摘An experimental study of dwell and normal cyclic fatigue behaviours was carried out using specimens from a Ti60 forging with a bimodal microstructure. Apparent decrease in the fatigue life was found under dwell fatigue condition as compared to that under normal cyclic condition. Strain produced in each cycle in dwell fatigued specimens was observed larger than that in its normal cyclic-fatigued counterparts. Interior crack initiation was found in most dwell fatigued specimens as compared to the subsurface crack initiation under normal cyclic fatigue condition. Flat and bright facets were found at crack initiation sites in both cases. The facet density is higher in dwell condition, which is consistent with the crystal orientation and Schmid factors analysis of α grains around secondary cracks using electron back-scattered diffraction （EBSD） methods. Dwell loading favours cleavage in α grains with their basal plane normals aligned no more than 15° to the loading axis, which may account for its lower fatigue life according to the present study.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB3701100).
文摘The deformation mechanism,microstructure evolution,and precipitation behavior of a Mg-8.9Gd-1.8Y-0.5Zr-0.2Ag(wt.%)alloy multi-directionally forged at three different temperatures were investigated.As the forging temperature increases,the particle-stimulated nucleation(PSN)effect diminishes as the num-ber of dynamic precipitates decreases,pyramidal slip is activated,grain boundary migration accelerates,and continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX)dominates.The microstructures varied greatly,although fine-grained structures were formed at all different forging temperatures.Competitive precipitation be-tween dynamic precipitate growth,dislocation-induced precipitation,and homogeneous precipitation was observed after aging treatment.Among them,the medium temperature(748 K)forged and aged alloy ex-hibits the best mechanical performance,with an ultimate tensile strength of 436 MPa,and elongation of 16.3%.The calculation indicates that the mixed precipitation structure containing theβprecipitate band provides a 35%higher strengthening contribution than the typical homogeneously distributed precipi-tates.The formation of precipitation-free zones(PFZs)ensures that aging will not cause a dramatic de-crease in ductility,which provides a reference for the industrial preparation of high-performance wrought Mg-Gd series alloys.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51874367 and 51574291)。
文摘Multidirectional forging(MDF)was successfully applied to fabricate large-size Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr-Ag alloy in this work and effects of T4,T5 and T6 treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-forged alloy were analyzed.Results show that dynamic recrystallization(DRX)occurs and second phase particles precipitate along the grain boundary during the MDF process.After annealing treatment(T4),the volume fraction and size of dynamic precipitates slightly increase at a lower temperature(430℃)compared with those of MDFed sample,while they are dissolved into theα-Mg matrix at a higher temperature(450℃).At the meantime,short plate-shaped long-period stacking ordered(LPSO)phases are observed in the DRX grains of the MDFed sample and then dissolved into theα-Mg matrix during annealing at both temperatures.Typical basal texture is identified in the MDFed sample,but the basal pole tilts away from final forging direction and rare-earth texture component with<1121>orientation parallel to penultimate forging direction becomes visible after annealing.The T6 sample annealing at 430℃for 4 h and ageing at 200℃for 34 h exhibits the superior strength and ductility in this study.The ultimate tensile strength,tensile yield strength and elongation to failure,which is 455 MPa,308 MPa and 7.7%,respectively,are overall improved compared with the directly-aged(T5)sample.This paper provides a superior heat treatment schedule to manufacture high-performance large-scale Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr-Ag components for industrial production.
基金The authors would like to thank Key Project of ChineseNational Programs for Fundamental Research and Develop-ment(973 program)National Natural Science Foundationof China(NSFC)through project nos.2013CB632202 and 51574291 respectivelythe outstanding graduate project ofAdvanced Non-ferrous Metal Structural Materials and Manu-facturing Collaborative Innovation Center.`
文摘The tensile deformation behavior and corresponding microstructure evolution of the Mg-4.7Gd-3.4Y-1.2Zn-0.5Zr(at.%)magnesium alloy with long period stacking structure(LPSO)are studied by electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)and slip lines methods.The results show that less and very small size of twins is observed in the grains with high value of Schmid factor for twinning,which indicates that the growth of the{10–12}twinning deformation is prevented by the LPSO phase.The prismatic lines present in grains of which the prismatic slip Schmid factor is above 0.4.The favorable orientation and LPSO phase synergistically promote the activation of prismatic slip.The inhomogeneous rotation of the grains during deformation is the reason for the microcrack at grain boundary.
文摘Electron beam welding （EBW） was applied to a 10-mm-thick plate cut from Ti-6246 compressor disk. The microstructural characteristics, microhardness and room temperature tensile properties were investigated. Microstructure observations indicated that there existed plenty of thin needle-like α platelets studding in the matrix of the columnar β grains in the as-welded fusion zone （FZ）. Post-weld heat treat- ment （PWHT） led to the precipitation of small secondary α platelets in the β matrix in heat affected zone and FZ. The thickness and the density of α platelets increased as the temperature of PWHT increased from 545 to 645 C. The microhardness across the Ti-6246 EBWjoint exhibited a nonuniform distribution. The hardness increased with the decrease of distance to the weld center, and reached the maximum of 467 HV in FZ when PWHT was carried out at 595 C. All the weldments tested with tension were fractured at the base material （BM） and exhibited a ductile fracture mode. The major deformation barrier in BM was the platelet α/β interfaces, however, the major deformation barrier in FZ was found to be β grain boundaries and secondary α/β interfaces. The BM with thicker platelet α phases had lower strength than the other two zones in the joint, and the BM deformed first and led to fracture in this zone.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)with projects Nos.51874367,51574291.
文摘Mg-6.75Zn-0.57Zr-0.4Y-0.18Gd(wt.%)sheet with typical basal texture was produced by cross rolling and annealing.Room temperature tensile tests were subsequently conducted along rolling direction(RD),transverse direction(TD),and diagonal direction(RD45).Deformation mechanism and orientation evolution during the tension were investigated by quasi-in-situ electron backscatter diffraction observation and in-grain misorientation axis analysis.The results indicate that the activation of deformation mechanism mainly depends on the initial grain orientation.For RD sample,prismatic<a>slip plays an important role in the deformation of grains with<0001>axis nearly perpendicular to the RD.With the<0001>axis gradually tilted towards the RD,basal<a>slip becomes the dominant deformation mode.After the tensile fracture,the initial concentrically distributed{0001}pole is split into double peaks extending perpendicular to the RD,and the randomly distributed{1010}pole becomes parallel to the RD.The evolution in{0001}and{1010}poles during tension is related to the lattice rotation induced by basal<a>slip and prismatic<a>slip,respectively.TD and RD45 samples exhibit similar deformation mechanism and orientation evolution as the RD sample,which results in the nearly isotropic mechanical properties in the annealed cross-rolled sheet.
基金Xin Chen,Chuming Liu,Yingchun Wan and Zhiyong Chen acknowledge National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number 51574291 and 51874367).
文摘A bulk nanocrystalline AZ31B Mg alloy with extraordinarily high strength was prepared via cryogenic rotary swaging in this study.The obtained alloy shows finer grains,higher strength,and a negligible tension-compression yield asymmetry,compared with that prepared via room-temperature rotary swaging.Transmission electron microscopy investigations showed that at the initial stage,multiple twins,mostly tension twins,were activated and intersected with each other,thereby refining the coarse grains into a fine lamellar structure.Then,two types of nanoscale subgrains were generated with increasing swaging strain.The first type of nanoscale subgrain contained twin boundaries and low-angle grain boundaries.This type of subgrain appeared at the twin-twin intersections and was mainly driven by high local stress.The second type of nanoscale subgrain was formed within the twin lamellae.The boundaries of this type of subgrain did not contain twin boundaries and were transformed from massive dislocation arrays.Finally,randomly oriented nanograins were obtained via dynamic recrystallization,under the combined function of deformation heat and increased stored energy.Compared with room-temperature rotary swaging,cryogenic rotary swaging exhibits a slower grain refinement process but a remarkably enhanced grain refinement effect after the same five-pass swaging.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(3190020451 and 31771862)。
文摘Sugarcane is a prominent source of sugar and ethanol production.Genetic analysis for trait improvement of sugarcane is greatly hindered by its complex genome,long breeding cycle,and recalcitrance to genetic transformation.The protoplast-based transient transformation system is a versatile and convenient tool for in vivo functional gene analysis;however,quick and effective transformation systems are still lacking for sugarcane.Here,we developed an efficient protoplast-based transformation system by optimizing conditions of protoplasts isolation and PEG-mediated transformation in S.spontaneum.The yield of viable protoplasts was approximately 1.26×107 per gram of leaf material,and the transformation efficiency of 80.19%could be achieved under the optimized condition.Furthermore,using this approach,the nuclear localization of an ABI5-like bZIPs transcription factor was validated,and the promoter activity of several putative DNase I hypersensitive sites(DHSs)was assessed.The results indicated this system can be conveniently applied to protein subcellular localization and promoter activity assays.A highly efficient S.spontaneum mesophyll cell protoplast isolation and transient transformation method was developed,and it shall be suitable for in vivo functional gene analysis in sugarcane.
