Objective To reveal the therapeutic effects of moxibustion in collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)rat models using the combined analysis of plasma and synovial membrane lipidomic profil-ing and to enhance the understanding...Objective To reveal the therapeutic effects of moxibustion in collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)rat models using the combined analysis of plasma and synovial membrane lipidomic profil-ing and to enhance the understanding of how moxibustion affects lipid metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods A total of 32 male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly assigned to four groups:control,moxibustion control(MC),model,and moxibustion model(MM)groups,with 8 rats in each group.CIA was induced in SD rats by two immunizations.The paw volume was mea-sured before the induction of CIA.Following induction,after assessing paw volume and arthritis index(AI)scores,the MC and MM groups received treatment at bilateral Shenshu(BL23)and Zusanli(ST36)acupoints for 10 min per acupoint.The intervention included three treatment courses,each spanning 6 d and followed by a 1-d interval.Paw volume and AI scores were assessed after each treatment course.After the completion of the three treatment courses,serum,plasma,synovial tissue,and ankle joint samples were collected.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was employed to quantify the levels of interleukin(IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αin serum.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was per-formed for histopathological examination of the ankle joint tissues.Meanwhile,ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS)was utilized to analyze the plasma and synovial tissue sam-ples.In addition,multivariate statistical analysis was performed to identify differential lipid metabolites,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis was applied to explore metabolic pathways modulated by moxibustion therapy.Results No significant difference in hind paw volume and AI scores was observed among the groups(P>0.05).After CIA induction,model group showed increased hind paw volume and AI scores compared with control group(P<0.05),which were significantly reduced after mox-ibustion treatment in MM group compared with model group(P<0.05).The levels of IL-6 and TNF-αwere significantly higher in model and MM groups compared with control group(P<0.05),but were lower in MM group than those in model group(P<0.05).Histopathologi-cal analysis showed improved cartilage and reduced inflammation in MM group.A total of 33 differential lipid metabolites in the plasma and 24 in the synovial membranes of CIA rat mod-els were identified when compared with control group.Among these lipid metabolites,31 in the plasma and all 24 in the synovial membranes were regulated by moxibustion treatment.Pathological analysis revealed upregulation of diacylglycerol(DG)and fatty acid(FA)levels,alongside downregulation of lysophosphatidylcholine(LPC),phosphatidylcholine(PC),and phosphatidylethanolamine(PE).Under physiological conditions,the treatment specifically reduced LPC and PC levels.Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that moxibustion predom-inantly affectedα-linolenic acid,glycerophospholipid,and sphingolipid metabolism under pathological conditions.Under physiological conditions,the regulation was centered aroundα-linolenic acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism.Conclusion The RA rat models exhibited significant lipid metabolic disturbances.Moxibus-tion alleviated paw swelling,reduced AI scores,modulated inflammatory cytokine levels,and partially corrected the altered levels of multiple lipid metabolites.The potential metabolic pathways implicated in the regulation of lipid metabolism under both physiological and pathological conditions includeα-linolenic acid,glycerophospholipid,and sphingolipid metabolism.展开更多
Purpose:This study aimed to explore whether the attitudes of nursing students toward the use of mobile learning are positive or negative and to identify the factors influencing their attitudes by reviewing the literat...Purpose:This study aimed to explore whether the attitudes of nursing students toward the use of mobile learning are positive or negative and to identify the factors influencing their attitudes by reviewing the literature.Methods:Electronic search of six databases,including PubMed,the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature,ProQuest,Web of Science,EMBASE,and Cochrane Library,was conducted,and relevant references within articles were manually searched.Retrieval time was from inception to October 21,2020.The literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and the integrative review method.The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool(MMAT)was used for quality assessment.Results:A total of 316 articles were identified,and 18 English-language studies were finally included by reviewing titles,abstracts,and full text.Six quantitative,five qualitative,and seven mixed-method articles related to nursing students’attitudes toward the use of mobile learning were identified.The results showed that most nursing students had positive attitudes toward mobile learning.Although students expressed strong intentions for mobile learning,the actual usage rate in practical settings was low.Several advantageous factors included usefulness,convenience,and ease of use,whereas disadvantageous factors included hardware facility,updated content,and software stability.Conclusion:Most nursing students have positive attitudes and willingness to mobile learning,but the actual use rate remains low.Advantageous and disadvantageous factors coexist.Further studies are needed to assess how mobile learning improves nursing students’clinical knowledge and improves patient care.展开更多
We prove a reverse HSlder inequality by using the cartesian product of dyadic rectangles and the dyadic cartesian product maximal function on Bergman space of polydisk. Next, we further describe when for which square ...We prove a reverse HSlder inequality by using the cartesian product of dyadic rectangles and the dyadic cartesian product maximal function on Bergman space of polydisk. Next, we further describe when for which square integrable analytic functions f and g on the polydisk the densely defined products TfTg are bounded invertible Toeplitz operators.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81774383)Major Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research in Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province (2020SJA0335)Graduate Research and Innovation Projects of Jiangsu Province (SJCX23_0735)。
文摘Objective To reveal the therapeutic effects of moxibustion in collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)rat models using the combined analysis of plasma and synovial membrane lipidomic profil-ing and to enhance the understanding of how moxibustion affects lipid metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods A total of 32 male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly assigned to four groups:control,moxibustion control(MC),model,and moxibustion model(MM)groups,with 8 rats in each group.CIA was induced in SD rats by two immunizations.The paw volume was mea-sured before the induction of CIA.Following induction,after assessing paw volume and arthritis index(AI)scores,the MC and MM groups received treatment at bilateral Shenshu(BL23)and Zusanli(ST36)acupoints for 10 min per acupoint.The intervention included three treatment courses,each spanning 6 d and followed by a 1-d interval.Paw volume and AI scores were assessed after each treatment course.After the completion of the three treatment courses,serum,plasma,synovial tissue,and ankle joint samples were collected.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was employed to quantify the levels of interleukin(IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αin serum.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was per-formed for histopathological examination of the ankle joint tissues.Meanwhile,ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS)was utilized to analyze the plasma and synovial tissue sam-ples.In addition,multivariate statistical analysis was performed to identify differential lipid metabolites,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis was applied to explore metabolic pathways modulated by moxibustion therapy.Results No significant difference in hind paw volume and AI scores was observed among the groups(P>0.05).After CIA induction,model group showed increased hind paw volume and AI scores compared with control group(P<0.05),which were significantly reduced after mox-ibustion treatment in MM group compared with model group(P<0.05).The levels of IL-6 and TNF-αwere significantly higher in model and MM groups compared with control group(P<0.05),but were lower in MM group than those in model group(P<0.05).Histopathologi-cal analysis showed improved cartilage and reduced inflammation in MM group.A total of 33 differential lipid metabolites in the plasma and 24 in the synovial membranes of CIA rat mod-els were identified when compared with control group.Among these lipid metabolites,31 in the plasma and all 24 in the synovial membranes were regulated by moxibustion treatment.Pathological analysis revealed upregulation of diacylglycerol(DG)and fatty acid(FA)levels,alongside downregulation of lysophosphatidylcholine(LPC),phosphatidylcholine(PC),and phosphatidylethanolamine(PE).Under physiological conditions,the treatment specifically reduced LPC and PC levels.Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that moxibustion predom-inantly affectedα-linolenic acid,glycerophospholipid,and sphingolipid metabolism under pathological conditions.Under physiological conditions,the regulation was centered aroundα-linolenic acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism.Conclusion The RA rat models exhibited significant lipid metabolic disturbances.Moxibus-tion alleviated paw swelling,reduced AI scores,modulated inflammatory cytokine levels,and partially corrected the altered levels of multiple lipid metabolites.The potential metabolic pathways implicated in the regulation of lipid metabolism under both physiological and pathological conditions includeα-linolenic acid,glycerophospholipid,and sphingolipid metabolism.
文摘Purpose:This study aimed to explore whether the attitudes of nursing students toward the use of mobile learning are positive or negative and to identify the factors influencing their attitudes by reviewing the literature.Methods:Electronic search of six databases,including PubMed,the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature,ProQuest,Web of Science,EMBASE,and Cochrane Library,was conducted,and relevant references within articles were manually searched.Retrieval time was from inception to October 21,2020.The literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and the integrative review method.The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool(MMAT)was used for quality assessment.Results:A total of 316 articles were identified,and 18 English-language studies were finally included by reviewing titles,abstracts,and full text.Six quantitative,five qualitative,and seven mixed-method articles related to nursing students’attitudes toward the use of mobile learning were identified.The results showed that most nursing students had positive attitudes toward mobile learning.Although students expressed strong intentions for mobile learning,the actual usage rate in practical settings was low.Several advantageous factors included usefulness,convenience,and ease of use,whereas disadvantageous factors included hardware facility,updated content,and software stability.Conclusion:Most nursing students have positive attitudes and willingness to mobile learning,but the actual use rate remains low.Advantageous and disadvantageous factors coexist.Further studies are needed to assess how mobile learning improves nursing students’clinical knowledge and improves patient care.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10971020)
文摘We prove a reverse HSlder inequality by using the cartesian product of dyadic rectangles and the dyadic cartesian product maximal function on Bergman space of polydisk. Next, we further describe when for which square integrable analytic functions f and g on the polydisk the densely defined products TfTg are bounded invertible Toeplitz operators.
