Lactic acid bacteria(LAB)are a representative probiotic.As the dominant flora in the human intestinal tract,LAB can regulate the balance of human intestinal flora and improve host health.The purpose of this study was ...Lactic acid bacteria(LAB)are a representative probiotic.As the dominant flora in the human intestinal tract,LAB can regulate the balance of human intestinal flora and improve host health.The purpose of this study was to isolate and screen LAB that are well suited to the intestinal characteristics of the Chinese population,with excellent probiotics and high antibacterial activity.After 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)homology and phylogenetic tree analysis,potential probiotics were tested for their antibacterial activity,resistance to artificial gastrointestinal fluid and drugs,surface hydrophobicity,and safety.Three strains of LAB with acid resistance,bile salt resistance,epithelial cell adhesion,and no multidrug resistance were selected:Lactobacillus salivarius,Leuconostoc lactis,and Lactobacillus paracasei.Analysis of the antibacterial active substances in the three strains and their fermentation broths revealed that the main antibacterial substances of L.lactis were organic acids,whereas those of L.salivarius and L.paracasei were organic acids and bacteriocins with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity.These three strains of probiotic LAB with high antibacterial activity were identified as bacterial resources that could potentially be used to develop probiotic preparations for the prevention and treatment of intestinal diseases caused by intestinal pathogens.展开更多
Performance degradation shortens the life of solid oxide fuel cells in practical applications.Revealing the degradation mechanism is crucial for the continuous improvement of cell durability.In this work,the effects o...Performance degradation shortens the life of solid oxide fuel cells in practical applications.Revealing the degradation mechanism is crucial for the continuous improvement of cell durability.In this work,the effects of cell operating conditions on the terminal voltage and anode microstructure of a Ni-yttria-stabilized zirconia anode-supported single cell were investigated.The microstructure of the anode active area near the electrolyte was characterized by laser optical microscopy and focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy.Ni depletion at the anode/electrolyte interface region was observed after 100 h discharge tests.In addition,the long-term stability of the single cell was evaluated at 700℃for 3000 h.After an initial decline,the anode-supported single cell exhibits good durability with a voltage decay rate of 0.72%/kh and an electrode polarization resistance decay rate of 0.17%/kh.The main performance loss of the cell originates from the initial degradation.展开更多
For present solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs),rapid performance degradation is observed in the initial aging process,and the dis-cussion of the degradation mechanism necessitates quantitative analysis.Herein,focused ion b...For present solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs),rapid performance degradation is observed in the initial aging process,and the dis-cussion of the degradation mechanism necessitates quantitative analysis.Herein,focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy was em-ployed to characterize and reconstruct the ceramic microstructures of SOFC anodes.The lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)simulation of multiphysical and electrochemical processes in the reconstructed models was performed.Two samples collected from industrial-size cells were characterized,including a reduced reference cell and a cell with an initial aging process.Statistical parameters of the reconstructed microstructures revealed a significant decrease in the active triple-phase boundary and Ni connectivity in the aged cell compared with the reference cell.The LBM simulation revealed that activity degradation is dominant compared with microstructural degradation during the initial aging process,and the electrochemical reactions spread to the support layer in the aged cell.The microstructural and activity de-gradations are attributed to Ni migration and coarsening.展开更多
The effective delivery of therapeutic drugs is fundamental to modern medical practice.However,conventional administration methods,primarily oral and parenteral injection,exhibit numerous limitations,including the subo...The effective delivery of therapeutic drugs is fundamental to modern medical practice.However,conventional administration methods,primarily oral and parenteral injection,exhibit numerous limitations,including the suboptimal bioavailability of macromolecules and challenges related to patient compliance.The advent of microneedle(MN)technology is reshaping strategies in the biomedical field,effectively overcoming the constraints of traditional drug delivery and diagnostic approaches.Research indicates that MNs can penetrate the stratum corneum to form transient microchannels,facilitating the transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents while bypassing gastrointestinal and hepatic barriers.This customizable and personalized drug delivery system holds significant potential for clinical application.Beyond drug delivery,MNs also have the capacity to transform healthcare models through real-time biomarker monitoring enabled by contact with interstitial fluid.This technology demonstrates considerable promise in managing chronic conditions such as diabetes,while also opening avenues for applications in vaccination,tissue regeneration,and cancer therapy.Recent innovations include the development of stimulus-responsive MNs for precision medicine and their integration with wearable devices to achieve closed-loop therapeutic diagnostics.Despite the substantial promise of this field,challenges remain regarding clinical translation,particularly in relation to biocompatibility,mechanical strength,and drug stability.This review outlines MN classifications,design principles,and applications,emphasizing their expanding role not only in healthcare but also in precision medicine,global health,and food safety.By overcoming current barriers and integrating emerging technologies,MNs have the potential to transform diagnostic and therapeutic paradigms,delivering scalable,patient-centered solutions to a broad range of biomedical challenges.展开更多
To identify recruitment information in different domains, we propose a novel model of hierarchical tree- structured conditional random fields （HT-CRFs）. In our ap- proach, first, the concept of a Web object （WOB） ...To identify recruitment information in different domains, we propose a novel model of hierarchical tree- structured conditional random fields （HT-CRFs）. In our ap- proach, first, the concept of a Web object （WOB） is discussed for the description of special Web information. Second, in contrast to traditional methods, the Boolean model and multi- rule are introduced to denote a one-dimensional text feature for a better representation of Web objects. Furthermore, a two-dimensional semantic texture feature is developed to dis- cover the layout of a WOB, which can emphasize the struc- tural attributes and the specific semantics term attributes of WOBs. Third, an optimal WOB information extraction （IE） based on HT-CRF is performed, addressing the problem of a model having an excessive dependence on the page structure and optimizing the efficiency of the model＇s training. Finally, we compare the proposed model with existing decoupled ap- proaches for WOB IE. The experimental results show that the accuracy rate of WOB IE is significantly improved and that time complexity is reduced.展开更多
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFD0400605)。
文摘Lactic acid bacteria(LAB)are a representative probiotic.As the dominant flora in the human intestinal tract,LAB can regulate the balance of human intestinal flora and improve host health.The purpose of this study was to isolate and screen LAB that are well suited to the intestinal characteristics of the Chinese population,with excellent probiotics and high antibacterial activity.After 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)homology and phylogenetic tree analysis,potential probiotics were tested for their antibacterial activity,resistance to artificial gastrointestinal fluid and drugs,surface hydrophobicity,and safety.Three strains of LAB with acid resistance,bile salt resistance,epithelial cell adhesion,and no multidrug resistance were selected:Lactobacillus salivarius,Leuconostoc lactis,and Lactobacillus paracasei.Analysis of the antibacterial active substances in the three strains and their fermentation broths revealed that the main antibacterial substances of L.lactis were organic acids,whereas those of L.salivarius and L.paracasei were organic acids and bacteriocins with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity.These three strains of probiotic LAB with high antibacterial activity were identified as bacterial resources that could potentially be used to develop probiotic preparations for the prevention and treatment of intestinal diseases caused by intestinal pathogens.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFB1502202)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-GF-20-09B).
文摘Performance degradation shortens the life of solid oxide fuel cells in practical applications.Revealing the degradation mechanism is crucial for the continuous improvement of cell durability.In this work,the effects of cell operating conditions on the terminal voltage and anode microstructure of a Ni-yttria-stabilized zirconia anode-supported single cell were investigated.The microstructure of the anode active area near the electrolyte was characterized by laser optical microscopy and focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy.Ni depletion at the anode/electrolyte interface region was observed after 100 h discharge tests.In addition,the long-term stability of the single cell was evaluated at 700℃for 3000 h.After an initial decline,the anode-supported single cell exhibits good durability with a voltage decay rate of 0.72%/kh and an electrode polarization resistance decay rate of 0.17%/kh.The main performance loss of the cell originates from the initial degradation.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFB1502201)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(No.2020A1515010551).
文摘For present solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs),rapid performance degradation is observed in the initial aging process,and the dis-cussion of the degradation mechanism necessitates quantitative analysis.Herein,focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy was em-ployed to characterize and reconstruct the ceramic microstructures of SOFC anodes.The lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)simulation of multiphysical and electrochemical processes in the reconstructed models was performed.Two samples collected from industrial-size cells were characterized,including a reduced reference cell and a cell with an initial aging process.Statistical parameters of the reconstructed microstructures revealed a significant decrease in the active triple-phase boundary and Ni connectivity in the aged cell compared with the reference cell.The LBM simulation revealed that activity degradation is dominant compared with microstructural degradation during the initial aging process,and the electrochemical reactions spread to the support layer in the aged cell.The microstructural and activity de-gradations are attributed to Ni migration and coarsening.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.2022KJ344)the Yantai Science and Technology Bureau(Grant No.2024JCYJ063)the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82001961).
文摘The effective delivery of therapeutic drugs is fundamental to modern medical practice.However,conventional administration methods,primarily oral and parenteral injection,exhibit numerous limitations,including the suboptimal bioavailability of macromolecules and challenges related to patient compliance.The advent of microneedle(MN)technology is reshaping strategies in the biomedical field,effectively overcoming the constraints of traditional drug delivery and diagnostic approaches.Research indicates that MNs can penetrate the stratum corneum to form transient microchannels,facilitating the transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents while bypassing gastrointestinal and hepatic barriers.This customizable and personalized drug delivery system holds significant potential for clinical application.Beyond drug delivery,MNs also have the capacity to transform healthcare models through real-time biomarker monitoring enabled by contact with interstitial fluid.This technology demonstrates considerable promise in managing chronic conditions such as diabetes,while also opening avenues for applications in vaccination,tissue regeneration,and cancer therapy.Recent innovations include the development of stimulus-responsive MNs for precision medicine and their integration with wearable devices to achieve closed-loop therapeutic diagnostics.Despite the substantial promise of this field,challenges remain regarding clinical translation,particularly in relation to biocompatibility,mechanical strength,and drug stability.This review outlines MN classifications,design principles,and applications,emphasizing their expanding role not only in healthcare but also in precision medicine,global health,and food safety.By overcoming current barriers and integrating emerging technologies,MNs have the potential to transform diagnostic and therapeutic paradigms,delivering scalable,patient-centered solutions to a broad range of biomedical challenges.
文摘To identify recruitment information in different domains, we propose a novel model of hierarchical tree- structured conditional random fields （HT-CRFs）. In our ap- proach, first, the concept of a Web object （WOB） is discussed for the description of special Web information. Second, in contrast to traditional methods, the Boolean model and multi- rule are introduced to denote a one-dimensional text feature for a better representation of Web objects. Furthermore, a two-dimensional semantic texture feature is developed to dis- cover the layout of a WOB, which can emphasize the struc- tural attributes and the specific semantics term attributes of WOBs. Third, an optimal WOB information extraction （IE） based on HT-CRF is performed, addressing the problem of a model having an excessive dependence on the page structure and optimizing the efficiency of the model＇s training. Finally, we compare the proposed model with existing decoupled ap- proaches for WOB IE. The experimental results show that the accuracy rate of WOB IE is significantly improved and that time complexity is reduced.
