AIM: To investigate the influence of IL-1B-511 gene polymorphism on IL-1B mRNA expression and gastric acid output in individual with or without Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection.METHODS: IL-1B mRNA expression a...AIM: To investigate the influence of IL-1B-511 gene polymorphism on IL-1B mRNA expression and gastric acid output in individual with or without Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection.METHODS: IL-1B mRNA expression and gastric acid secretion in 117 health volunteers were assayed using semi-quantitative RT-PCR and gastric juice assay, respectively. Pepsinogen (PG) Ⅰ and Ⅱ of 255 subjects (including 117 health volunteers) were also examined.RESULTS: T/T genotype individuals with H pylori infection had a more decreased PG Ⅰ/Ⅱ ratio. In gastric antrum mucosa, the individuals with H pylori infection had higher IL-1B expression than those without H pylori infection, but there was no obvious difference among each genotype. In gastric corpus, the individuals with H pylori infection had a significantly higher IL-1B expression than those without H pylori infection. IL-1B-511T/T genotype was markedly higher as compared with the other two genotypes. Both maximal acid output and basic acid output were similar among each genotype in IL-1B-511 gene locus, regardless of H pylori infection.CONCLUSION: IL-1B-511 T allele does not decrease gastric acid output, although it has a stimulated influence on IL-1B expression. Consequently, the pathway,through which IL-1B plays a central role in gastric cancer development, might not depend on low acid, but on the other regulation mechanisms.展开更多
"The forgotten organ",the human microbiome,comprises a community of microorganisms that colonizes various sites of the human body.Through coevolution of bacteria,archaea and fungi with the human host over th..."The forgotten organ",the human microbiome,comprises a community of microorganisms that colonizes various sites of the human body.Through coevolution of bacteria,archaea and fungi with the human host over thousands of years,a complex host-microbiome relationship emerged in which many functions,including metabolism and immune responses,became codependent.This coupling becomes evident when disruption in the microbiome composition,termed dysbiosis,is mirrored by the development of pathologies in the host.Among the most serious consequences of dysbiosis,is the development of cancer.As many as 20% of total cancers worldwide are caused by a microbial agent.To date,a vast majority of microbiomecancer studies focus solely on the microbiome of the large intestine and the development of gastrointestinal cancers.Here,we will review the available evidence implicating microbiome involvement in the development and progression of non-gastrointestinal cancers,while distinguishing between viral and bacterial drivers of cancer,as well as "local" and "systemic","cancer-stimulating" and "cancer-suppressing" effects of the microbiome.Developing a system-wide approach to cancer-microbiome studies will be crucial in understanding how microbiome influences carcinogenesis,and may enable to employ microbiome-targeting approaches as part of cancer treatment.展开更多
We present a proof-of-principle demonstration of energy-resolved resonant neutron ghost imaging.Based on the resonant absorption dips of different elements,we simultaneously image and distinguish the composition of th...We present a proof-of-principle demonstration of energy-resolved resonant neutron ghost imaging.Based on the resonant absorption dips of different elements,we simultaneously image and distinguish the composition of three differently shaped components of an object.The initial neutron beam is spatially and energy selectively modulated by a series of Hadamard matrix masks of pixel width 100μm.The spectral intensity transmitted through an object is measured by a^(6)Li glass single-pixel detector.Through integration of the total counts within resonant dips and correlating them with the corresponding Hadamard patterns,isotopespecific images of In,Ag and W objects are obtained at an effective spatial resolution of~200μm.Reconstruction algorithms based on compressed sensing or convolutional neural networks can greatly reduce the data acquisition time by~70%with respect to the full set of 1024 patterns,as well as enhance the image quality.Incorporating ghost imaging into energy-resolved neutron imaging thus has great potential for the simultaneous realization of fine spatial and spectral resolution,which has important value for the noninvasive analysis of material composition and distribution not only in basic research but also in industrial applications.展开更多
Neutron imaging is an invaluable tool for noninvasive analysis in many fields.However,neutron facilities are expensive and inconvenient to access,while portable sources are not strong enough to form even a static imag...Neutron imaging is an invaluable tool for noninvasive analysis in many fields.However,neutron facilities are expensive and inconvenient to access,while portable sources are not strong enough to form even a static image within an acceptable time frame using traditional neutron imaging.Here we demonstrate a new scheme for single-pixel neutron imaging of real objects,with spatial and spectral resolutions of 100 lm and 0.4%at 1A,respectively.Low illumination down to 1000 neutron counts per frame pattern was achieved.The experimental setup is simple,inexpensive,and especially suitable for low intensity portable sources,which should greatly benefit applications in biology,material science,and industry.展开更多
Background This study explored the diagnostic performance of visceral adiposity to predict the degree of intestinal inflammation and fibrosis.Methods The patients with Crohn’s disease(CD)who underwent surgical small ...Background This study explored the diagnostic performance of visceral adiposity to predict the degree of intestinal inflammation and fibrosis.Methods The patients with Crohn’s disease(CD)who underwent surgical small bowel resection at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University(Guangzhou,China)between January 2007 and December 2017 were enrolled.We evaluated the intestinal imaging features of computed tomography enterography(CTE),including mesenteric inflammatory fat stranding,the target sign,mesenteric hypervascularity,bowel wall thickening,lymphadenopathy,stricture diameter,and maximal upstream diameter.We used A.K.software(Artificial Intelligence Kit,version 1.1)to calculate the visceral fat(VF)and subcutaneous fat(SF)volumes at the third lumbar vertebra level.Pathological tissue information was recorded.Diagnostic models were established based on the multivariate regression analysis results,and their effectiveness was evaluated by area under the curve(AUC)and decision curve analyses.Results Overall,48 patients with CD were included in this study.The abdominal VF/SF volume ratio(odds ratio,1.20;95%confidence interval,1.05–1.38;P=0.009)and the stenosis diameter/upstream intestinal dilatation diameter(ND)ratio(odds ratio,0.90;95%confidence interval,0.82–0.99;P=0.034)were independent risk factors for the severe fibrosis of the small intestine.The AUC values of the VF/SF ratio,the ND ratio,and their combination were 0.760,0.673,and 0.804,respectively.The combination of the VS/SF volume ratio and ND ratio achieved the highest net benefit on the decision curve.Conclusion The VF volume on CTE can reflect intestinal fibrosis.The combination of the VF/SF volume ratio and ND ratio of CD patients assessed using CTE can help predict severe fibrosis stenosis of the small intestine.展开更多
Background:Infliximab(IFX)is effective at inducing and maintaining clinical remission and mucosal healing in patients with Crohn’s disease(CD);however,9%–40%of patients do not respond to primary IFX treatment.This s...Background:Infliximab(IFX)is effective at inducing and maintaining clinical remission and mucosal healing in patients with Crohn’s disease(CD);however,9%–40%of patients do not respond to primary IFX treatment.This study aimed to construct and validate nomograms to predict IFX response in CD patients.Methods:A total of 343 patients diagnosed with CD who had received IFX induction from four tertiary centers between September 2008 and September 2019 were enrolled in this study and randomly classified into a training cohort(n=240)and a validation cohort(n=103).The primary outcome was primary non-response(PNR)and the secondary outcome was mucosal healing(MH).Nomograms were constructed from the training cohort using multivariate logistic regression.Performance of nomograms was evaluated by area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve(AUC)and calibration curve.The clinical usefulness of nomograms was evaluated by decision-curve analysis.Results:The nomogram for PNR was developed based on four independent predictors:age,C-reactive protein(CRP)at week 2,body mass index,and non-stricturing,non-penetrating behavior(B1).AUC was 0.77 in the training cohort and 0.76 in the validation cohort.The nomogram for MH included four independent factors:baseline Crohn’s Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity,CRP at week 2,B1,and disease duration.AUC was 0.79 and 0.72 in the training and validation cohorts,respectively.The two nomograms showed good calibration in both cohorts and were superior to single factors and an existing matrix model.The decision curve indicated the clinical usefulness of the PNR nomogram.Conclusions:We established and validated nomograms for the prediction of PNR to IFX and MH in CD patients.This graphical tool is easy to use and will assist physicians in therapeutic decision-making.展开更多
文摘AIM: To investigate the influence of IL-1B-511 gene polymorphism on IL-1B mRNA expression and gastric acid output in individual with or without Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection.METHODS: IL-1B mRNA expression and gastric acid secretion in 117 health volunteers were assayed using semi-quantitative RT-PCR and gastric juice assay, respectively. Pepsinogen (PG) Ⅰ and Ⅱ of 255 subjects (including 117 health volunteers) were also examined.RESULTS: T/T genotype individuals with H pylori infection had a more decreased PG Ⅰ/Ⅱ ratio. In gastric antrum mucosa, the individuals with H pylori infection had higher IL-1B expression than those without H pylori infection, but there was no obvious difference among each genotype. In gastric corpus, the individuals with H pylori infection had a significantly higher IL-1B expression than those without H pylori infection. IL-1B-511T/T genotype was markedly higher as compared with the other two genotypes. Both maximal acid output and basic acid output were similar among each genotype in IL-1B-511 gene locus, regardless of H pylori infection.CONCLUSION: IL-1B-511 T allele does not decrease gastric acid output, although it has a stimulated influence on IL-1B expression. Consequently, the pathway,through which IL-1B plays a central role in gastric cancer development, might not depend on low acid, but on the other regulation mechanisms.
文摘"The forgotten organ",the human microbiome,comprises a community of microorganisms that colonizes various sites of the human body.Through coevolution of bacteria,archaea and fungi with the human host over thousands of years,a complex host-microbiome relationship emerged in which many functions,including metabolism and immune responses,became codependent.This coupling becomes evident when disruption in the microbiome composition,termed dysbiosis,is mirrored by the development of pathologies in the host.Among the most serious consequences of dysbiosis,is the development of cancer.As many as 20% of total cancers worldwide are caused by a microbial agent.To date,a vast majority of microbiomecancer studies focus solely on the microbiome of the large intestine and the development of gastrointestinal cancers.Here,we will review the available evidence implicating microbiome involvement in the development and progression of non-gastrointestinal cancers,while distinguishing between viral and bacterial drivers of cancer,as well as "local" and "systemic","cancer-stimulating" and "cancer-suppressing" effects of the microbiome.Developing a system-wide approach to cancer-microbiome studies will be crucial in understanding how microbiome influences carcinogenesis,and may enable to employ microbiome-targeting approaches as part of cancer treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61975229,12335016,11991073,and W2412039)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the CAS(Nos.XDA25030400 and XDA25010100).
文摘We present a proof-of-principle demonstration of energy-resolved resonant neutron ghost imaging.Based on the resonant absorption dips of different elements,we simultaneously image and distinguish the composition of three differently shaped components of an object.The initial neutron beam is spatially and energy selectively modulated by a series of Hadamard matrix masks of pixel width 100μm.The spectral intensity transmitted through an object is measured by a^(6)Li glass single-pixel detector.Through integration of the total counts within resonant dips and correlating them with the corresponding Hadamard patterns,isotopespecific images of In,Ag and W objects are obtained at an effective spatial resolution of~200μm.Reconstruction algorithms based on compressed sensing or convolutional neural networks can greatly reduce the data acquisition time by~70%with respect to the full set of 1024 patterns,as well as enhance the image quality.Incorporating ghost imaging into energy-resolved neutron imaging thus has great potential for the simultaneous realization of fine spatial and spectral resolution,which has important value for the noninvasive analysis of material composition and distribution not only in basic research but also in industrial applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFA0401504,2017YFA0403301,2017YFB0503301,and 2018YFB0504302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11991073,61975229,61805006,and U1932219)+2 种基金the Key Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA25030400,and XDB17030500)the Civil Space Project(D040301)the Science Challenge Project(TZ2018005)。
文摘Neutron imaging is an invaluable tool for noninvasive analysis in many fields.However,neutron facilities are expensive and inconvenient to access,while portable sources are not strong enough to form even a static image within an acceptable time frame using traditional neutron imaging.Here we demonstrate a new scheme for single-pixel neutron imaging of real objects,with spatial and spectral resolutions of 100 lm and 0.4%at 1A,respectively.Low illumination down to 1000 neutron counts per frame pattern was achieved.The experimental setup is simple,inexpensive,and especially suitable for low intensity portable sources,which should greatly benefit applications in biology,material science,and industry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 81772699,81472999,81272350]the Guangzhou People’s Livelihood Science and Technology Project[grant number 201803010052].
文摘Background This study explored the diagnostic performance of visceral adiposity to predict the degree of intestinal inflammation and fibrosis.Methods The patients with Crohn’s disease(CD)who underwent surgical small bowel resection at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University(Guangzhou,China)between January 2007 and December 2017 were enrolled.We evaluated the intestinal imaging features of computed tomography enterography(CTE),including mesenteric inflammatory fat stranding,the target sign,mesenteric hypervascularity,bowel wall thickening,lymphadenopathy,stricture diameter,and maximal upstream diameter.We used A.K.software(Artificial Intelligence Kit,version 1.1)to calculate the visceral fat(VF)and subcutaneous fat(SF)volumes at the third lumbar vertebra level.Pathological tissue information was recorded.Diagnostic models were established based on the multivariate regression analysis results,and their effectiveness was evaluated by area under the curve(AUC)and decision curve analyses.Results Overall,48 patients with CD were included in this study.The abdominal VF/SF volume ratio(odds ratio,1.20;95%confidence interval,1.05–1.38;P=0.009)and the stenosis diameter/upstream intestinal dilatation diameter(ND)ratio(odds ratio,0.90;95%confidence interval,0.82–0.99;P=0.034)were independent risk factors for the severe fibrosis of the small intestine.The AUC values of the VF/SF ratio,the ND ratio,and their combination were 0.760,0.673,and 0.804,respectively.The combination of the VS/SF volume ratio and ND ratio achieved the highest net benefit on the decision curve.Conclusion The VF volume on CTE can reflect intestinal fibrosis.The combination of the VF/SF volume ratio and ND ratio of CD patients assessed using CTE can help predict severe fibrosis stenosis of the small intestine.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(#81870374,#81670498)Guangdong Science and Technology(#2017A030306021)+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Young Talents of Guangdong Special Support Plan(#2016TQ03R296)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(#19ykzd11).
文摘Background:Infliximab(IFX)is effective at inducing and maintaining clinical remission and mucosal healing in patients with Crohn’s disease(CD);however,9%–40%of patients do not respond to primary IFX treatment.This study aimed to construct and validate nomograms to predict IFX response in CD patients.Methods:A total of 343 patients diagnosed with CD who had received IFX induction from four tertiary centers between September 2008 and September 2019 were enrolled in this study and randomly classified into a training cohort(n=240)and a validation cohort(n=103).The primary outcome was primary non-response(PNR)and the secondary outcome was mucosal healing(MH).Nomograms were constructed from the training cohort using multivariate logistic regression.Performance of nomograms was evaluated by area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve(AUC)and calibration curve.The clinical usefulness of nomograms was evaluated by decision-curve analysis.Results:The nomogram for PNR was developed based on four independent predictors:age,C-reactive protein(CRP)at week 2,body mass index,and non-stricturing,non-penetrating behavior(B1).AUC was 0.77 in the training cohort and 0.76 in the validation cohort.The nomogram for MH included four independent factors:baseline Crohn’s Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity,CRP at week 2,B1,and disease duration.AUC was 0.79 and 0.72 in the training and validation cohorts,respectively.The two nomograms showed good calibration in both cohorts and were superior to single factors and an existing matrix model.The decision curve indicated the clinical usefulness of the PNR nomogram.Conclusions:We established and validated nomograms for the prediction of PNR to IFX and MH in CD patients.This graphical tool is easy to use and will assist physicians in therapeutic decision-making.
