Mosquito microRNAs （miRNAs） are involved in host-virus interaction, and have been reported to be altered by dengue virus （DENV） infection in Aedes albopictus （Diptera： Culicidae）. However, little is known about...Mosquito microRNAs （miRNAs） are involved in host-virus interaction, and have been reported to be altered by dengue virus （DENV） infection in Aedes albopictus （Diptera： Culicidae）. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of Aedes albopictus midgut--the first organ to interact with DENV--involved in its resistance to DENV. Here we used high-throughput sequencing to characterize miRNA and messenger RNA （mRNA） expression patterns in Aedes albopictus midgut in response to dengue virus serotype 2. A total of three miRNAs and 777 mRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed upon DENV infection. For the mRNAs, we identified 198 immune-related genes and 31 of them were differentially expressed. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses also showed that the differentially expressed immune-related genes were involved in immune response. Then the differential expression patterns of six immune-related genes and three miRNAs were confirmed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, seven known miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs were identified by aligning our two datasets. These analyses of miRNA and mRNA transcriptomes provide valuable information for uncovering the DENV response genes and provide a basis for future study of the resistance mechanisms in Aedes albopictus midgut.展开更多
Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence, distribution and risk factors of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and the relation between CMBs and inflammation in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Methods:...Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence, distribution and risk factors of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and the relation between CMBs and inflammation in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Methods: Two hundred and one patients without acute infarction or transient ischemic attack were enrolled. The presence and number of CMB were assessed on susceptibility-weighted imaging. The traditional risk factors of CMB were recorded. Levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were tested. Logistic regression analyses were used for multiple-factor analysis of risk factors of CMB. Results: Of the 201 patients, 49 (24.38%) had CMB. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the age, the prevalence of hypertension, silent lacunar infarction, white matter lesion, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Score, the using rate of antithrombotic drugs and levels of hs-CRP, IL-6, MMP-9 were the risk factors for CMB. After adjustments for traditional risk factors, inflammatory marker levels remained to be associated with CMBs. The adjusted odd ratios of hs-CRP, IL-6 and MMP-9 were 1.745 (1.342-2.270), 1.223 (1.018-1.533) and 1.284 (1.082-1.423), respectively. Furthermore, inflammatory marker levels were the risk factor for deep or infratentorial CMBs and lobar CMBs. Conclusion: The age, prevalence of hypertension, silent lacunar infarction, white matter lesion, MoCA Score, the using rate of antithrombotic drugs and serum hs-CRP, IL-6, and MMP-9 levels were the independent risk factors for CMBs.展开更多
Background： The appropriate elbow position of short-segment nerve conduction study （SSNCS） to diagnose cubital tunnel syndrome （CubTS） is still controversial. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of...Background： The appropriate elbow position of short-segment nerve conduction study （SSNCS） to diagnose cubital tunnel syndrome （CubTS） is still controversial. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of different elbow positions at full extension and 70° flexion on SSNCS in CubTS. Methods： In this cross-sectional study, the clinical data of seventy elbows from 59 CubTS patients between September, 2011 and December, 2014 in the Peking University First Hospital were included as CubTS group. Moreover, thirty healthy volunteers were included as the healthy group. SSNCS were conducted in all subjects at elbow fhll extension and 70° elbow flexion. Paired nonparametric test, bivariate correlation, Bland-Altman, and Chi-squared test analysis were used to compare the effectiveness of elbow full extension and 70° flexion elbow positions on SSNCS in CubTS patients. Results： Data of upper limit was calculated from healthy group, and abnormal latency was judged accordingly. CubTS group＇s latency and compound muscle action potential （CMAP） of each segment at 70° elbow flexion by SSNCS was compared with lull extension position, no statistically significant difference were found （all P 〉 0.05）. Latency and CMAP of each segment at elbow full extension and 70° flexion were correlated （all P 〈 0 elbow （P - 0.43）, and the latency （P = 0.15） and the CMAP （P = 01）, except the latency of segment of 4 cm to 6 cm above 0.06） of segment of 2 cm to 4 cm below elbow. Bivariate correlation and Bland-Altman analysis proved the correlation between elbow full extension and 70° flexion. Especially in segments across the elbow （2 cm above the elbow and 2 cm below it）, latency at elbow full extension and 70° flexion were strong direct associated（r=0.83, P〈0.01;r=0.55, P〈0.01）,andsodidtheCMAP（r 0.49, P〈0.01;r=0.72, P〈0.01）.Therewasno statistically significant difference in abnormality of each segment at full extension as measured by SSNCS compared with that at 70° flexion （P 〉 0.05, respectively）. Conclusions： There was no statistically significant difference in the diagnosis of CubTS with the elbow at full extension compared with that at 70° flexion during SSNCS. We suggest that elbow positon at full extension can also be used during SSNCS.展开更多
基金Acknowledgments We thank the Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University for kindly providing the Ae. albopictus C6/36 cell line and DENV-2 virus （New Guinea C strain）. This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （U0832004）, Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province （2013B051000052, 2014A030312016） and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education （20124433110008）.
文摘Mosquito microRNAs （miRNAs） are involved in host-virus interaction, and have been reported to be altered by dengue virus （DENV） infection in Aedes albopictus （Diptera： Culicidae）. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of Aedes albopictus midgut--the first organ to interact with DENV--involved in its resistance to DENV. Here we used high-throughput sequencing to characterize miRNA and messenger RNA （mRNA） expression patterns in Aedes albopictus midgut in response to dengue virus serotype 2. A total of three miRNAs and 777 mRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed upon DENV infection. For the mRNAs, we identified 198 immune-related genes and 31 of them were differentially expressed. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses also showed that the differentially expressed immune-related genes were involved in immune response. Then the differential expression patterns of six immune-related genes and three miRNAs were confirmed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, seven known miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs were identified by aligning our two datasets. These analyses of miRNA and mRNA transcriptomes provide valuable information for uncovering the DENV response genes and provide a basis for future study of the resistance mechanisms in Aedes albopictus midgut.
文摘Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence, distribution and risk factors of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and the relation between CMBs and inflammation in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Methods: Two hundred and one patients without acute infarction or transient ischemic attack were enrolled. The presence and number of CMB were assessed on susceptibility-weighted imaging. The traditional risk factors of CMB were recorded. Levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were tested. Logistic regression analyses were used for multiple-factor analysis of risk factors of CMB. Results: Of the 201 patients, 49 (24.38%) had CMB. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the age, the prevalence of hypertension, silent lacunar infarction, white matter lesion, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Score, the using rate of antithrombotic drugs and levels of hs-CRP, IL-6, MMP-9 were the risk factors for CMB. After adjustments for traditional risk factors, inflammatory marker levels remained to be associated with CMBs. The adjusted odd ratios of hs-CRP, IL-6 and MMP-9 were 1.745 (1.342-2.270), 1.223 (1.018-1.533) and 1.284 (1.082-1.423), respectively. Furthermore, inflammatory marker levels were the risk factor for deep or infratentorial CMBs and lobar CMBs. Conclusion: The age, prevalence of hypertension, silent lacunar infarction, white matter lesion, MoCA Score, the using rate of antithrombotic drugs and serum hs-CRP, IL-6, and MMP-9 levels were the independent risk factors for CMBs.
文摘Background： The appropriate elbow position of short-segment nerve conduction study （SSNCS） to diagnose cubital tunnel syndrome （CubTS） is still controversial. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of different elbow positions at full extension and 70° flexion on SSNCS in CubTS. Methods： In this cross-sectional study, the clinical data of seventy elbows from 59 CubTS patients between September, 2011 and December, 2014 in the Peking University First Hospital were included as CubTS group. Moreover, thirty healthy volunteers were included as the healthy group. SSNCS were conducted in all subjects at elbow fhll extension and 70° elbow flexion. Paired nonparametric test, bivariate correlation, Bland-Altman, and Chi-squared test analysis were used to compare the effectiveness of elbow full extension and 70° flexion elbow positions on SSNCS in CubTS patients. Results： Data of upper limit was calculated from healthy group, and abnormal latency was judged accordingly. CubTS group＇s latency and compound muscle action potential （CMAP） of each segment at 70° elbow flexion by SSNCS was compared with lull extension position, no statistically significant difference were found （all P 〉 0.05）. Latency and CMAP of each segment at elbow full extension and 70° flexion were correlated （all P 〈 0 elbow （P - 0.43）, and the latency （P = 0.15） and the CMAP （P = 01）, except the latency of segment of 4 cm to 6 cm above 0.06） of segment of 2 cm to 4 cm below elbow. Bivariate correlation and Bland-Altman analysis proved the correlation between elbow full extension and 70° flexion. Especially in segments across the elbow （2 cm above the elbow and 2 cm below it）, latency at elbow full extension and 70° flexion were strong direct associated（r=0.83, P〈0.01;r=0.55, P〈0.01）,andsodidtheCMAP（r 0.49, P〈0.01;r=0.72, P〈0.01）.Therewasno statistically significant difference in abnormality of each segment at full extension as measured by SSNCS compared with that at 70° flexion （P 〉 0.05, respectively）. Conclusions： There was no statistically significant difference in the diagnosis of CubTS with the elbow at full extension compared with that at 70° flexion during SSNCS. We suggest that elbow positon at full extension can also be used during SSNCS.
