BACKGROUND Dry eye syndrome(DES)is a common disease with various clinical manifestations.DES had a significant association with diabetes.Blink reflex(BR)is also known as trigeminal nerve facial reflex.The stimulation ...BACKGROUND Dry eye syndrome(DES)is a common disease with various clinical manifestations.DES had a significant association with diabetes.Blink reflex(BR)is also known as trigeminal nerve facial reflex.The stimulation of corneal nerves is one of the origins of BR stimulation.The parasympathetic fibers sent out through the facial nerve are the outlet of tear reflexes.BR can be used to assess the function of the corneal nerve closed-loop;however,whether the BR changes in these patients is unclear.AIM To understand the morphology and function of the corneal nerve in patients with dry eyes having diabetes or not.METHODS This study enrolled 131 patients who visited the inpatient and outpatient services of ophthalmology and endocrinology departments between January 2019 to August 2020 with subjective symptoms of dry eyes and non-dry eye reasons,as well as volunteers such as colleagues.The patients were divided into four groups:DEwDM,with dry eyes having type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM);DMnDE,with T2DM not having dry eyes;DEnDM,with dry eyes not having diabetes;and nDMnDE,with neither dry eyes nor diabetes.The tear film break-up time,Schirmer I test,in vivo confocal microscopy,and BR were performed.RESULTS The DEwDM,DMnDE,DEnDM,and nDMnDE groups included 56,22,33,and 20 patients,respectively.Sex and age were not statistically different among the four groups.The nerve fiber length(NFL)of patients in the DEwDM,DEnDM,and DMnDE groups reduced(P<0.001,P=0.014,and P=0.001,respectively).No significant difference in corneal nerve fiber density(NFD)(P=0.083)and corneal nerve branch density(NBD)(P=0.195)was found among the four groups.The R1 Latency of blink reflexes increased only in the DEwDM group(P=0.008,P=0.001,P<0.001,compared with the DMnDE,DEnDM,and nDMnDE groups,respectively).The NBD and R1 Latency were different between DEwDM and DEnDM groups in patients with moderate and severe dry eyes.CONCLUSION The corneal nerve morphology changed in patients with dry eyes or diabetes,or with both,while the function of corneal nerve closed-loop reduced only in those with dry eyes and diabetes.展开更多
AIM：To compare the effectiveness and safety between modified cross-linking（MC）and standard cross-linking（SC）in mild or moderate progressive keratoconus.METHODS：Eligible studies were retrieved from four electroni...AIM：To compare the effectiveness and safety between modified cross-linking（MC）and standard cross-linking（SC）in mild or moderate progressive keratoconus.METHODS：Eligible studies were retrieved from four electronic databases,including CENTRAL,Clinical Trials gov,Pup Med and OVID MEDLINE.We set post-surgical maximum K value（Kmax）as the primary outcome.In addition,uncorrected and corrected distant visual acuity（UDVA and UDVA）,spherical equivalent（SE）,endothelial cell density（ECD）,central cornea thickness（CCT）and depth of demarcation line（DDL）were Meta-analyzed as secondary outcomes.Mean differences for these outcomes were pooled through either a random-effect model or fixed-effect model according to data heterogeneity.RESULTS：Twenty-four comparative studies either on accelerated cross-linking（AC）compared with SC or on transepithelial cross-linking（TC）compared with SC were included and pooled for analysis.The results indicated that MC was significantly inferior to SC at delaying Kmax deterioration[AC vs SC 0.49（95%CI：0.04-0.94,I2=75%,P=0.03）;TC vs SC 1.15（95%CI：0.54-1.75,I2=50%,P=0.0002）].SE decreased significantly for SC when compared to AC[0.62（95%CI：0.38-0.86,I2=22%,P〈0.00001）].DDL of SC was more significantly deeper than that of TC[-133.49（95%CI：-145.94 to-121.04,I2=33%,P〈0.00001）].Other outcomes demonstrated comparable results between MC and SC.CONCLUSION：SC is more favorable at halting the progression of keratoconus,but visual acuity improvement showed comparable results between MCs and SC.展开更多
Donor cornea shortage is a primary hurdle in the development of corneal transplantation. Of all species, porcine corneas are the ideal transplantation material for humans. However, the xenoimmune rejection induced by ...Donor cornea shortage is a primary hurdle in the development of corneal transplantation. Of all species, porcine corneas are the ideal transplantation material for humans. However, the xenoimmune rejection induced by porcine corneal xenotransplantation compromises surgical efficacy. Although the binding of IgM/IgG in human serum to a genetically modified porcine cornea is significantly weaker than that of the wild type(WT), genetically modified porcine corneas do not display a prolonged graft survival time in vivo. Conversely, costimulatory blockade drugs, such as anti-CD40 antibodies, can reduce the xenoimmune response and prolong graft survival time in animal experiments. Moreover, porcine endothelial grafts can survive for more than 6mo with only the subconjunctival injection of a steroid-based immunosuppressants regime; therefore, they show great value for treating corneal endothelial disease. In addition, zoonotic transmission is a primary concern of xenotransplantation. Porcine endogenous retrovirus(PERV) is the most significant virus assessed by ophthalmologists. PERV integrates into the porcine genome and infects human cells in vitro. Fortunately, no evidence from in vivo studies has yet shown that PERV can be transmitted to hosts.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of a selective inhibitor of Rho-associated kinase(ROCK),Y-27632,on inbred Wuzhishan porcine corneal endothelial cells(PCECs)in vitro and in vivo studies.METHODS:Primary PCECs were trypsi...AIM:To investigate the effects of a selective inhibitor of Rho-associated kinase(ROCK),Y-27632,on inbred Wuzhishan porcine corneal endothelial cells(PCECs)in vitro and in vivo studies.METHODS:Primary PCECs were trypsinized from Wuzhishan miniature porcine corneal tissues.The optimal concentration of Y-27632 on PCECs was determined through MTT and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine(EdU)-labeling assays.Seven New Zealand rabbits were used as a corneal endothelial dysfunction model,and a PCECs suspension supplemented with Y-27632 was injected into the anterior chamber of the rabbits.The progression of rabbit corneal opacity and edema were observed by slit lamp examination.The rabbits were sacrificed,and rabbit globes were enucleated for trypan blue-alizarin red staining,hematoxylineosin staining,and immunofluorescence analysis.RESULTS:Administration of 100μmol/L Y-27632 facilitated PCECs'proliferation obviously.The rabbit corneas injected with PCECs suspension and 100μmol/L Y-27632 were restored to transparency significantly after 14d.CONCLUSION:The 100μmol/L Y-27632 treatment improves PCECs'proliferation significantly.And our results suggest that Y-27632 and PCECs can be used to treat corneal endothelial dysfunction.展开更多
A concise synthetic route leading to highly functional erythrina alkaloid skeletons has been developed.The key process is an oxidative carbon-carbon coupling followed by a conjugated addition.Based on this new strateg...A concise synthetic route leading to highly functional erythrina alkaloid skeletons has been developed.The key process is an oxidative carbon-carbon coupling followed by a conjugated addition.Based on this new strategy,a formal synthesis of demethoxyerythratidinone was completed in only 6 steps from 4-aminophenol.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Dry eye syndrome(DES)is a common disease with various clinical manifestations.DES had a significant association with diabetes.Blink reflex(BR)is also known as trigeminal nerve facial reflex.The stimulation of corneal nerves is one of the origins of BR stimulation.The parasympathetic fibers sent out through the facial nerve are the outlet of tear reflexes.BR can be used to assess the function of the corneal nerve closed-loop;however,whether the BR changes in these patients is unclear.AIM To understand the morphology and function of the corneal nerve in patients with dry eyes having diabetes or not.METHODS This study enrolled 131 patients who visited the inpatient and outpatient services of ophthalmology and endocrinology departments between January 2019 to August 2020 with subjective symptoms of dry eyes and non-dry eye reasons,as well as volunteers such as colleagues.The patients were divided into four groups:DEwDM,with dry eyes having type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM);DMnDE,with T2DM not having dry eyes;DEnDM,with dry eyes not having diabetes;and nDMnDE,with neither dry eyes nor diabetes.The tear film break-up time,Schirmer I test,in vivo confocal microscopy,and BR were performed.RESULTS The DEwDM,DMnDE,DEnDM,and nDMnDE groups included 56,22,33,and 20 patients,respectively.Sex and age were not statistically different among the four groups.The nerve fiber length(NFL)of patients in the DEwDM,DEnDM,and DMnDE groups reduced(P<0.001,P=0.014,and P=0.001,respectively).No significant difference in corneal nerve fiber density(NFD)(P=0.083)and corneal nerve branch density(NBD)(P=0.195)was found among the four groups.The R1 Latency of blink reflexes increased only in the DEwDM group(P=0.008,P=0.001,P<0.001,compared with the DMnDE,DEnDM,and nDMnDE groups,respectively).The NBD and R1 Latency were different between DEwDM and DEnDM groups in patients with moderate and severe dry eyes.CONCLUSION The corneal nerve morphology changed in patients with dry eyes or diabetes,or with both,while the function of corneal nerve closed-loop reduced only in those with dry eyes and diabetes.
文摘AIM：To compare the effectiveness and safety between modified cross-linking（MC）and standard cross-linking（SC）in mild or moderate progressive keratoconus.METHODS：Eligible studies were retrieved from four electronic databases,including CENTRAL,Clinical Trials gov,Pup Med and OVID MEDLINE.We set post-surgical maximum K value（Kmax）as the primary outcome.In addition,uncorrected and corrected distant visual acuity（UDVA and UDVA）,spherical equivalent（SE）,endothelial cell density（ECD）,central cornea thickness（CCT）and depth of demarcation line（DDL）were Meta-analyzed as secondary outcomes.Mean differences for these outcomes were pooled through either a random-effect model or fixed-effect model according to data heterogeneity.RESULTS：Twenty-four comparative studies either on accelerated cross-linking（AC）compared with SC or on transepithelial cross-linking（TC）compared with SC were included and pooled for analysis.The results indicated that MC was significantly inferior to SC at delaying Kmax deterioration[AC vs SC 0.49（95%CI：0.04-0.94,I2=75%,P=0.03）;TC vs SC 1.15（95%CI：0.54-1.75,I2=50%,P=0.0002）].SE decreased significantly for SC when compared to AC[0.62（95%CI：0.38-0.86,I2=22%,P〈0.00001）].DDL of SC was more significantly deeper than that of TC[-133.49（95%CI：-145.94 to-121.04,I2=33%,P〈0.00001）].Other outcomes demonstrated comparable results between MC and SC.CONCLUSION：SC is more favorable at halting the progression of keratoconus,but visual acuity improvement showed comparable results between MCs and SC.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81470608)
文摘Donor cornea shortage is a primary hurdle in the development of corneal transplantation. Of all species, porcine corneas are the ideal transplantation material for humans. However, the xenoimmune rejection induced by porcine corneal xenotransplantation compromises surgical efficacy. Although the binding of IgM/IgG in human serum to a genetically modified porcine cornea is significantly weaker than that of the wild type(WT), genetically modified porcine corneas do not display a prolonged graft survival time in vivo. Conversely, costimulatory blockade drugs, such as anti-CD40 antibodies, can reduce the xenoimmune response and prolong graft survival time in animal experiments. Moreover, porcine endothelial grafts can survive for more than 6mo with only the subconjunctival injection of a steroid-based immunosuppressants regime; therefore, they show great value for treating corneal endothelial disease. In addition, zoonotic transmission is a primary concern of xenotransplantation. Porcine endogenous retrovirus(PERV) is the most significant virus assessed by ophthalmologists. PERV integrates into the porcine genome and infects human cells in vitro. Fortunately, no evidence from in vivo studies has yet shown that PERV can be transmitted to hosts.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81470608)。
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of a selective inhibitor of Rho-associated kinase(ROCK),Y-27632,on inbred Wuzhishan porcine corneal endothelial cells(PCECs)in vitro and in vivo studies.METHODS:Primary PCECs were trypsinized from Wuzhishan miniature porcine corneal tissues.The optimal concentration of Y-27632 on PCECs was determined through MTT and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine(EdU)-labeling assays.Seven New Zealand rabbits were used as a corneal endothelial dysfunction model,and a PCECs suspension supplemented with Y-27632 was injected into the anterior chamber of the rabbits.The progression of rabbit corneal opacity and edema were observed by slit lamp examination.The rabbits were sacrificed,and rabbit globes were enucleated for trypan blue-alizarin red staining,hematoxylineosin staining,and immunofluorescence analysis.RESULTS:Administration of 100μmol/L Y-27632 facilitated PCECs'proliferation obviously.The rabbit corneas injected with PCECs suspension and 100μmol/L Y-27632 were restored to transparency significantly after 14d.CONCLUSION:The 100μmol/L Y-27632 treatment improves PCECs'proliferation significantly.And our results suggest that Y-27632 and PCECs can be used to treat corneal endothelial dysfunction.
基金This work was supported by grants(20925205,21062026,2010GA014 and 2009CB522300) from National Natural Science Foundation of China,Yunnan Province and National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program).
文摘A concise synthetic route leading to highly functional erythrina alkaloid skeletons has been developed.The key process is an oxidative carbon-carbon coupling followed by a conjugated addition.Based on this new strategy,a formal synthesis of demethoxyerythratidinone was completed in only 6 steps from 4-aminophenol.
