Obesity has become a significant global public health issue.Previous studies have found that the Chenpi has the anti-obesity activity.However,the anti-obesity phytochemicals and their mechanisms are still unclear.This...Obesity has become a significant global public health issue.Previous studies have found that the Chenpi has the anti-obesity activity.However,the anti-obesity phytochemicals and their mechanisms are still unclear.This study investigated the anti-obesity phytochemicals and molecular mechanisms involved in treating obesity by Chenpi through network pharmacology and molecular docking.A total of 17 bioactive phytochemicals from Chenpi and its 475 related anti-obesity targets have been identified.The KEGG pathway analysis showed that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,AMPK signaling pathway,and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway are the main signaling pathways involved in the anti-obesity effect of Chenpi.According to molecular docking analysis,the phytochemicals of Chenpi can bind to central anti-obesity targets.Based on the ADMET analysis and network pharmacology results,tangeretin exhibited the lowest predicted toxicity and potential for anti-obesity effects.In the in vitro lipid accumulation model,tangeretin effectively suppressed the free fatty acid-induced lipid in Hep G2 cells by upregulating the PI3K/Akt/GSK3βsignaling pathway based on the result of q-PCR and Western blotting.The outcomes of this research give insights for future research on the anti-obesity phytochemicals and molecular mechanisms derived from Chenpi,also providing the theoretical basis for developing anti-obesity functional foods based on Chenpi.展开更多
Effective treatment methods for stroke,a common cerebrovascular disease with a high mortality rate,are still being sought.Exosome therapy,a form of acellular therapy,has demonstrated promising efficacy in various dise...Effective treatment methods for stroke,a common cerebrovascular disease with a high mortality rate,are still being sought.Exosome therapy,a form of acellular therapy,has demonstrated promising efficacy in various diseases in animal models;however,there is currently insufficient evidence to guide the clinical application of exosome in patients with stroke.This article reviews the progress of exosome applications in stroke treatment.It aims to elucidate the significant potential value of exosomes in stroke therapy and provide a reference for their clinical translation.At present,many studies on exosome-based therapies for stroke are actively underway.Regarding preclinical research,exosomes,as bioactive substances with diverse sources,currently favor stem cells as their origin.Due to their high plasticity,exosomes can be effectively modified through various physical,chemical,and genetic engineering methods to enhance their efficacy.In animal models of stroke,exosome therapy can reduce neuroinflammatory responses,alleviate oxidative stress damage,and inhibit programmed cell death.Additionally,exosomes can promote angiogenesis,repair and regenerate damaged white matter fiber bundles,and facilitate the migration and differentiation of neural stem cells,aiding the repair process.We also summarize new directions for the application of exosomes,specifically the exosome intervention through the ventricular-meningeal lymphatic system.The review findings suggest that the treatment paradigm for stroke is poised for transformation.展开更多
Instrument separation is a critical complication during root canal therapy,impacting treatment success and long-term tooth preservation.The etiology of instrument separation is multifactorial,involving the intricate a...Instrument separation is a critical complication during root canal therapy,impacting treatment success and long-term tooth preservation.The etiology of instrument separation is multifactorial,involving the intricate anatomy of the root canal system,instrument-related factors,and instrumentation techniques.Instrument separation can hinder thorough cleaning,shaping,and obturation of the root canal,posing challenges to successful treatment outcomes.Although retrieval of separated instrument is often feasible,it carries risks including perforation,excessive removal of tooth structure and root fractures.Effective management of separated instruments requires a comprehensive understanding of the contributing factors,meticulous preoperative assessment,and precise evaluation of the retrieval difficulty.The application of appropriate retrieval techniques is essential to minimize complications and optimize clinical outcomes.The current manuscript provides a framework for understanding the causes,risk factors,and clinical management principles of instrument separation.By integrating effective strategies,endodontists can enhance decision-making,improve endodontic treatment success and ensure the preservation of natural dentition.展开更多
Pulpotomy,which belongs to vital pulp therapy,has become a strategy for managing pulpitis in recent decades.This minimally invasive treatment reflects the recognition of preserving healthy dental pulp and optimizing l...Pulpotomy,which belongs to vital pulp therapy,has become a strategy for managing pulpitis in recent decades.This minimally invasive treatment reflects the recognition of preserving healthy dental pulp and optimizing long-term patient-centered outcomes.Pulpotomy is categorized into partial pulpotomy(PP),the removal of a partial segment of the coronal pulp tissue,and full pulpotomy(FP),the removal of whole coronal pulp,which is followed by applying the biomaterials onto the remaining pulp tissue and ultimately restoring the tooth.Procedural decisions for the amount of pulp tissue removal or retention depend on the diagnostic of pulp vitality,the overall treatment plan,the patient’s general health status,and pulp inflammation reassessment during operation.This statement represents the consensus of an expert committee convened by the Society of Cariology and Endodontics,Chinese Stomatological Association.It addresses the current evidence to support the application of pulpotomy as a potential alternative to root canal treatment(RCT)on mature permanent teeth with pulpitis from a biological basis,the development of capping biomaterial,and the diagnostic considerations to evidence-based medicine.This expert statement intends to provide a clinical protocol of pulpotomy,which facilitates practitioners in choosing the optimal procedure and increasing their confidence in this rapidly evolving field.展开更多
High-concentration single-atom doping remains a formidable challenge due to the propensity for single atoms to form clusters or aggregate at elevated concentrations.Herein,high-concentration (10.8 wt%) Zn singleatom-d...High-concentration single-atom doping remains a formidable challenge due to the propensity for single atoms to form clusters or aggregate at elevated concentrations.Herein,high-concentration (10.8 wt%) Zn singleatom-doped porous tubular g-C_(3)N_(4)(ZCN) was successfully obtained via a template-free,one-step calcination method,exhibiting excellent photocatalytic performance.The confinement of the pore walls suppresses the Zn atom'smigration and aggregation,enhancing the Zn single-atom stability.ZCN exhibited excellent photodegradation performance against tetracycline with outstanding stability.Moreover,ZCN displayed remarkable sterilization performance,achieving a 100%inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus within 90 min of visible-light exposure.Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the Zn single-atom sites act as pivotal photocatalytic active sites,with the presence of Zn single atoms notably augmenting charge separation efficiency.This work provides a novel approach for managing photocatalytic efficiency through enlarging single-atom doping,offering an avenue for pollutant photodegradation and sterilization.展开更多
Apical microsurgery is accurate and minimally invasive,produces few complications,and has a success rate of more than 90%.However,due to the lack of awareness and understanding of apical microsurgery by dental general...Apical microsurgery is accurate and minimally invasive,produces few complications,and has a success rate of more than 90%.However,due to the lack of awareness and understanding of apical microsurgery by dental general practitioners and even endodontists,many clinical problems remain to be overcome.The consensus has gathered well-known domestic experts to hold a series of special discussions and reached the consensus.This document specifies the indications,contraindications,preoperative preparations,operational procedures,complication prevention measures,and efficacy evaluation of apical microsurgery and is applicable to dentists who perform apical microsurgery after systematic training.展开更多
Symptomatic seminal vesicle cysts （SVCs）, especially those of a large size, can be removed by surgical treatments. Currently, open surgeries for SVC are rarely performed due to their extensive surgical trauma, and m...Symptomatic seminal vesicle cysts （SVCs）, especially those of a large size, can be removed by surgical treatments. Currently, open surgeries for SVC are rarely performed due to their extensive surgical trauma, and minimally invasive surgical therapies for treating seminal vesicle cysts are still in the early stages. In addition, relevant studies are mostly confined to case reports. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed 53 patients who had received transperitoneal laparoscopic unroofing or fenestration under seminal vesiculoscopy for SVC in our institution. Both surgeries decreased the cyst volume to a significant extent; however, according to the remnant lesion size after rechecking images, seminal vesiculoscopic fenestration tended to have a higher recurrence than laparoscopic unroofing. Regarding complications, two individuals in the laparoscopic unroofing group experienced ureteral injury and rectal injury, while patients in the fenestration group only had temporary hemospermia, which indicates that fenestration surgery tends to have less severe complications than laparoscopic unroofing. There was no solid evidence confirming semen improvement after these surgical therapies in our study. Future studies with a prospective design, larger sample size, and longer follow-up period are required to verify and further explore our findings.展开更多
Intentional tooth replantation(ITR)is an advanced treatment modality and the procedure of last resort for preserving teeth with inaccessible endodontic or resorptive lesions.ITR is defined as the deliberate extraction...Intentional tooth replantation(ITR)is an advanced treatment modality and the procedure of last resort for preserving teeth with inaccessible endodontic or resorptive lesions.ITR is defined as the deliberate extraction of a tooth;evaluation of the root surface,endodontic manipulation,and repair;and placement of the tooth back into its original socket.Case reports,case series,cohort studies,and randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of ITR in the retention of natural teeth that are untreatable or difficult to manage with root canal treatment or endodontic microsurgery.However,variations in clinical protocols for ITR exist due to the empirical nature of the original protocols and rapid advancements in the field of oral biology and dental materials.This heterogeneity in protocols may cause confusion among dental practitioners;therefore,guidelines and considerations for ITR should be explicated.This expert consensus discusses the biological foundation of ITR,the available clinical protocols and current status of ITR in treating teeth with refractory apical periodontitis or anatomical aberration,and the main complications of this treatment,aiming to refine the clinical management of ITR in accordance with the progress of basic research and clinical studies;the findings suggest that ITR may become a more consistent evidence-based option in dental treatment.展开更多
Lead-free halide perovskite material has drawn fast-growing interest due to its superiorsolar-conversion efficiency and nontoxic nature. In this work, we have successfully fabricatedcesium silver bismuth bromide (Cs2A...Lead-free halide perovskite material has drawn fast-growing interest due to its superiorsolar-conversion efficiency and nontoxic nature. In this work, we have successfully fabricatedcesium silver bismuth bromide (Cs2AgBiBr6) quantum dots utilizing the hot injectionmethod. The as-synthesized quantum dots were characterized by combined techniques,which showed remarkable visible-light photocatalytic activity for organic dyes and antibioticdegradation in ethanol. Specifically, about 97% of rhodamine B and methyl orange maybe removed within 10 min and 30 min, respectively. Additionally, 60% of antibiotic residueof tetracycline hydrochloride is degraded in 30min which is 7 times more than that on commercialtitania (P25). The reactive species for the photodegradation are determined throughcapture experiments, and a reaction mechanism is proposed accordingly. This work providesa novel photocatalyst for the selective removal of diverse organic contaminants inethanol and an alternative for the potential application of lead-free halide perovskites.展开更多
BACKGROUND The causes of death in patients with advanced esophageal cancer are multi-factorial,with tumor metastasis being one of the important factors.Histone acetylation promotes the migration of esophageal squamous...BACKGROUND The causes of death in patients with advanced esophageal cancer are multi-factorial,with tumor metastasis being one of the important factors.Histone acetylation promotes the migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)cells,while the histone deacetylase inhibitor(HDACi)shows complex effects on tumor functions.AIM To comprehensively elucidate the impact and molecular mechanisms of trichostatin A(TSA),an HDACi,on cell migration in ESCC through bromodomain-containing protein(BRD4)/cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene(c-Myc)/endoplasmic reticulum(ER)-stress.METHODS The effects of TSA on ESCC cell lines Eca109 and EC9706 migration were evaluated using Transwell assays,with small interfering transfection and pathway-specific inhibitors to elucidate underlying mechanisms.The mRNA levels involved were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Protein levels of acetylated histones H3(acH3)and acetylated histones H4,BRD4,c-Myc,as well as markers of ER stress and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),were analyzed using western blot.Additionally,this method was also used to examine acH3 levels in esophageal cancer tissues and adjacent tissues.Patient outcomes were subsequently tracked to identify prognostic indicators using Log-Rank tests and Cox multivariate analysis.RESULTS TSA promoted the migration of ESCC cells by stimulating the EMT process.TSA-mediated histone acetylation facilitated the recruitment of BRD4,a bromodomain-containing protein,triggering the expression of c-Myc.This cascade induced ER stress and enhanced EMT in ESCC cells.To further elucidate the underlying mechanism,we employed various interventions including the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid,knockdown of c-Myc and BRD4 expression,and utilization of the BRD4 inhibitor carboxylic acid as well as the inhibitor of TSA 1.Mechanist-ically,these studies revealed that TSA-mediated histone acetylation facilitated the recruitment of BRD4,which in turn triggered the expression of c-Myc.This sequential activation induced ER stress and subsequently enhanced EMT,thereby promoting the migration of ESCC cells.Additionally,we examined histone acetylation levels in specimens from 43 patients with ESCC,including both tumor tissues and paired adjacent tissues.Statistical analysis unveiled a negative correlation between the level of histone acetylation and the long-term prognosis of patients with ESCC.CONCLUSION TSA promoted ESCC cell migration through the BRD4/c-Myc/ER stress pathway.Moreover,elevated histone acetylation in ESCC tissues correlated with poor ESCC prognosis.These findings enhance our understanding of ESCC migration and HDACi therapy.展开更多
Metal foils have emerged as one of the promising materials for anode-free batteries due to their high energy density and scalability in production.The unclear lithium plating/stripping kinetics of metal foil current c...Metal foils have emerged as one of the promising materials for anode-free batteries due to their high energy density and scalability in production.The unclear lithium plating/stripping kinetics of metal foil current collectors in anode-free batteries was addressed by using the non-destructive distribution of relaxation times(DRT)analysis to systematically investigate the lithium transport behavior of 14 metal foils and its correlation with electrochemical performance.By integrating energy-dispersive spectro scopy(EDS),cyclic voltammetry(CV),and galvanostatic testing,the exceptional properties of indium(In),tin(Sn),and silver(Ag)were revealed:the Li-In alloying reaction exhibits high reversibility,Li-Sn alloys demonstrate outstanding cycling stability,and the Li-Ag solid-solution mechanism provides an ideal lithium deposition interface on the silver substrate.The DRT separates the polarization internal resistance of lithium ions passing through the SEI layer(R_(sei),τ2)and the polarization internal resistance of lithium ions undergoing charge transfer reaction at the electrolyte/electrode interface(R_(ct),τ3)by decoupling the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).For the first time,the correlation betweenτ2,τ3,and the cycle life/Coulombic efficiency of alloy/solid-solution metals was established,while non-alloy metals are not suitable for this method due to differences in lithium deposition mechanisms.This study not only illuminates the structure-property relationship governing the lithium kinetics of metal foil electrodes but also provides a novel non-destructive analytical strategy and theoretical guidance for the rational design of stable anodes in high-energy-density batteries,facilitating the efficient screening and optimization of anode-free battery.展开更多
Mild cognitive impairment(MCI),which is a high-risk transitional phase leading to Alzheimer’s disease,is characterized by mild memory deficits and specific cognitive dysfunctions.Without effective intervention,a sign...Mild cognitive impairment(MCI),which is a high-risk transitional phase leading to Alzheimer’s disease,is characterized by mild memory deficits and specific cognitive dysfunctions.Without effective intervention,a significant proportion of patients with MCI progress to dementia.However,current pharmacological treatments are characterized by side effects and poor patient compliance.Therefore,it is necessary to develop effective,noninvasive alternative treatments.Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)is becoming a widely studied noninvasive treatment for central nervous system disease.The therapeutic effects of rTMS on patients with MCI and its underlying mechanism are noteworthy issues.Recently,a growing number of studies have shown that meningeal lymphatic vessel damage may be related to cognitive dysfunction.Whether the improvement of the meningeal lymphatic system is an important mechanism through which rTMS improves the clinical manifestations of MCI is worthy of further study.展开更多
Background:Hemorrhagic expansion into the fourth ventricle is an independent risk factor for poor outcomes in intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH)patients.However,to date,available animal models of IVH are limited to mode...Background:Hemorrhagic expansion into the fourth ventricle is an independent risk factor for poor outcomes in intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH)patients.However,to date,available animal models of IVH are limited to models of supratentorial ventricular hemorrhage,and there are no specific models of fourth ventricle hemorrhage.This limitation hinders comprehensive basic research and the understanding of the pathophysiological changes that occur following fourth ventricle hemorrhage.Therefore,the development of an animal model of fourth ventricle hemorrhage is highly important.Methods:In this study,a novel rat model of fourth ventricle hemorrhage was established via autologous blood injection through the foramen of Magendie.Anesthetized rats were positioned in a stereotaxic apparatus with their heads tilted downward at an angle of approximately 20°relative to the vertical axis.A needle was inserted through the foramen,and autologous blood obtained from the rat's heart was injected into the fourth ventricle via a microinfusion pump.Systematic evaluations of the model were conducted using small-animal magnetic resonance imaging,histopathological analysis,and neurological function assessment.Results:The rats developed stable and reproducible fourth ventricle hematomas and ventricular dilation.They also exhibited acute-phase hydrocephalus and pathological features of perilesional brain tissue injury,with observed neurological deficits comparable to patients with fourth ventricle hemorrhage.Conclusion:This model successfully recapitulates the clinicopathological and pathophysiological characteristics of patients with fourth ventricle hemorrhage and can be utilized for further investigation into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus and perilesional brainstem tissue injury.展开更多
Background PANoptosis has the features of pyroptosis,apoptosis,and necroptosis.Numerous studies have confirmed the diverse roles of various types of cell death in acute liver failure(ALF),but limited attention has bee...Background PANoptosis has the features of pyroptosis,apoptosis,and necroptosis.Numerous studies have confirmed the diverse roles of various types of cell death in acute liver failure(ALF),but limited attention has been given to the crosstalk among them.In this study,we aimed to explore the role of PANoptosis in ALF and uncover new targets for its prevention or treatment.Methods Three ALF-related datasets(GSE14668,GSE62029,and GSE74000)were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Hub genes were identified through intersecting DEGs,genes obtained from weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA),and genes related to PANoptosis.Gene Ontology(GO),Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG),protein–protein interaction(PPI)analyses and gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)were performed to determine functional roles.Verification was performed using an ALF mouse model.Results Our results showed that expression of seven hub genes(B-cell lymphoma-2-modifying factor(BMF),B-cell lymphoma-2-interacting protein 3-like(BNIP3L),Caspase-1(CASP1),receptor-interacting protein kinase 3(RIPK3),uveal autoantigen with coiled-coil domains and ankyrin repeats protein(UACA),uncoordinated-5 homolog B receptor(UNC5B),and Z-DNA-binding protein 1(ZBP1))was up-regulated in liver samples of patients.However,in the ALF mouse model,the expression of BNIP3L,RIPK3,phosphorylated RIPK3(P-RIPK3),UACA,and cleaved caspase-1 was up-regulated,while the expression of CASP1 and UNC5B was down-regulated.The expression of ZBP1 and BMF increased only during the development of ALF,and there was no significant change in the end stage.Immunofluorescence of mouse liver tissue showed that macrophages expressed all seven markers.Western blot results showed that pyroptosis,apoptosis,and necroptosis were always involved in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)/D-galactosamine(D-gal)-induced ALF mice.The ALF cell model showed that bone marrow-derived macrophages(BMDMs)form PANoptosomes after LPS stimulation.Conclusions Our results suggest that PANoptosis of macrophages promotes the development of ALF.The seven new ALF biomarkers identified and validated in this study may contribute to further investigation of diagnostic markers or novel therapeutic targets of ALF.展开更多
Tomato bacterial wilt is an important disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum,which is harmful to the development of tomato industry and seriously affects the yield and quality of tomato.In this study,the strain XF-8...Tomato bacterial wilt is an important disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum,which is harmful to the development of tomato industry and seriously affects the yield and quality of tomato.In this study,the strain XF-8 with antagonism against R.solanacearum was isolated from soil and identified as Bacillus velezensis,and its control effect on tomato bacterial wilt was better than that of kasugamycin.The disease index of tomato plants treated with XF-8 was significantly reduced(P<0.05)in the pot experiment,and the control effect was 74.25%,which was higher than 45.11%of kasugamycin treatment group.The antibacterial activity of lipopeptide extract from the fermentation supernatant of strain XF-8 was further verified,and then the inhibitory rate of the substance at the concentration of 1 mg/mL was as high as 96.20%.The microscopic investigations indicated that the surface of R.solanacearum was wrinkled and deformed after treating with lipopeptide extract,and most of the bacteria were dead and rupture of the cell membrane,which leading to the cell death.Meanwhile,the active oxygen was produced and the lipopeptide extract could also significantly induced DNA injuries of R.solanacearum.All these results confirmed that the isolated strain B.velezensis exhibited excellent effect of preventing and controlling the tomato bacterial wilt.Moreover,XF-8 strain has high inhibitory effect on 10 types of pathogenic fungi,which shows broad-spectrum bacteriostasis.This study provides a theoretical basis and strain resources for the development and application of biopesticides,and broadened the potential biocontrol value of B.velezensis.展开更多
Achieving precise tumor ablation without damaging surrounding healthy tissue remains a significant challenge in cancer therapy,particularly for deep-seated or irregularly shaped tumors.Traditional laser-based approach...Achieving precise tumor ablation without damaging surrounding healthy tissue remains a significant challenge in cancer therapy,particularly for deep-seated or irregularly shaped tumors.Traditional laser-based approaches,although minimally invasive,are often limited by insufficient tissue penetration,uncontrolled thermal damage,and narrow therapeutic windows.We introduce GHz high-repetition-rate pulsed lasers as a transformative modality for tumor ablation.This approach capitalizes on the thermal accumulation effect of GHz pulse trains,in which the pulse interval is significantly shorter than the thermal relaxation time of biological tissue.Such a regime enables efficient and localized heat deposition in tumor regions.By precisely tuning the repetition frequency,pulse duration,and energy density,we establish a dynamic“ablation-cooling”cycle:rapid energy delivery followed by transient inter-pulse cooling.This thermal modulation ensures sharply confined ablation zones with reduced collateral damage.Our systematic investigation of laser-tissue interaction parameters demonstrates that GHz lasers offer superior spatial selectivity,minimized off-target injury,and enhanced treatment safety,presenting a compelling rationale for clinical translation of this paradigm in precision photothermal oncology.展开更多
基金supported by the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory IRADS(2022B1212010006,R0400001-22)。
文摘Obesity has become a significant global public health issue.Previous studies have found that the Chenpi has the anti-obesity activity.However,the anti-obesity phytochemicals and their mechanisms are still unclear.This study investigated the anti-obesity phytochemicals and molecular mechanisms involved in treating obesity by Chenpi through network pharmacology and molecular docking.A total of 17 bioactive phytochemicals from Chenpi and its 475 related anti-obesity targets have been identified.The KEGG pathway analysis showed that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,AMPK signaling pathway,and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway are the main signaling pathways involved in the anti-obesity effect of Chenpi.According to molecular docking analysis,the phytochemicals of Chenpi can bind to central anti-obesity targets.Based on the ADMET analysis and network pharmacology results,tangeretin exhibited the lowest predicted toxicity and potential for anti-obesity effects.In the in vitro lipid accumulation model,tangeretin effectively suppressed the free fatty acid-induced lipid in Hep G2 cells by upregulating the PI3K/Akt/GSK3βsignaling pathway based on the result of q-PCR and Western blotting.The outcomes of this research give insights for future research on the anti-obesity phytochemicals and molecular mechanisms derived from Chenpi,also providing the theoretical basis for developing anti-obesity functional foods based on Chenpi.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,No.CSTB2023NSCQ-mSX0561(to WL).
文摘Effective treatment methods for stroke,a common cerebrovascular disease with a high mortality rate,are still being sought.Exosome therapy,a form of acellular therapy,has demonstrated promising efficacy in various diseases in animal models;however,there is currently insufficient evidence to guide the clinical application of exosome in patients with stroke.This article reviews the progress of exosome applications in stroke treatment.It aims to elucidate the significant potential value of exosomes in stroke therapy and provide a reference for their clinical translation.At present,many studies on exosome-based therapies for stroke are actively underway.Regarding preclinical research,exosomes,as bioactive substances with diverse sources,currently favor stem cells as their origin.Due to their high plasticity,exosomes can be effectively modified through various physical,chemical,and genetic engineering methods to enhance their efficacy.In animal models of stroke,exosome therapy can reduce neuroinflammatory responses,alleviate oxidative stress damage,and inhibit programmed cell death.Additionally,exosomes can promote angiogenesis,repair and regenerate damaged white matter fiber bundles,and facilitate the migration and differentiation of neural stem cells,aiding the repair process.We also summarize new directions for the application of exosomes,specifically the exosome intervention through the ventricular-meningeal lymphatic system.The review findings suggest that the treatment paradigm for stroke is poised for transformation.
文摘Instrument separation is a critical complication during root canal therapy,impacting treatment success and long-term tooth preservation.The etiology of instrument separation is multifactorial,involving the intricate anatomy of the root canal system,instrument-related factors,and instrumentation techniques.Instrument separation can hinder thorough cleaning,shaping,and obturation of the root canal,posing challenges to successful treatment outcomes.Although retrieval of separated instrument is often feasible,it carries risks including perforation,excessive removal of tooth structure and root fractures.Effective management of separated instruments requires a comprehensive understanding of the contributing factors,meticulous preoperative assessment,and precise evaluation of the retrieval difficulty.The application of appropriate retrieval techniques is essential to minimize complications and optimize clinical outcomes.The current manuscript provides a framework for understanding the causes,risk factors,and clinical management principles of instrument separation.By integrating effective strategies,endodontists can enhance decision-making,improve endodontic treatment success and ensure the preservation of natural dentition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82170941 and 82370948 to Lu Zhang,82071110 and 82230029 to Zhi Chen)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1105100)。
文摘Pulpotomy,which belongs to vital pulp therapy,has become a strategy for managing pulpitis in recent decades.This minimally invasive treatment reflects the recognition of preserving healthy dental pulp and optimizing long-term patient-centered outcomes.Pulpotomy is categorized into partial pulpotomy(PP),the removal of a partial segment of the coronal pulp tissue,and full pulpotomy(FP),the removal of whole coronal pulp,which is followed by applying the biomaterials onto the remaining pulp tissue and ultimately restoring the tooth.Procedural decisions for the amount of pulp tissue removal or retention depend on the diagnostic of pulp vitality,the overall treatment plan,the patient’s general health status,and pulp inflammation reassessment during operation.This statement represents the consensus of an expert committee convened by the Society of Cariology and Endodontics,Chinese Stomatological Association.It addresses the current evidence to support the application of pulpotomy as a potential alternative to root canal treatment(RCT)on mature permanent teeth with pulpitis from a biological basis,the development of capping biomaterial,and the diagnostic considerations to evidence-based medicine.This expert statement intends to provide a clinical protocol of pulpotomy,which facilitates practitioners in choosing the optimal procedure and increasing their confidence in this rapidly evolving field.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFF0612601)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2023C02038)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Ningbo(No.2022Z178)China Construction Technology Research and Development Project(No.CSCEC-2021-Z-5)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ23B010003)
文摘High-concentration single-atom doping remains a formidable challenge due to the propensity for single atoms to form clusters or aggregate at elevated concentrations.Herein,high-concentration (10.8 wt%) Zn singleatom-doped porous tubular g-C_(3)N_(4)(ZCN) was successfully obtained via a template-free,one-step calcination method,exhibiting excellent photocatalytic performance.The confinement of the pore walls suppresses the Zn atom'smigration and aggregation,enhancing the Zn single-atom stability.ZCN exhibited excellent photodegradation performance against tetracycline with outstanding stability.Moreover,ZCN displayed remarkable sterilization performance,achieving a 100%inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus within 90 min of visible-light exposure.Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the Zn single-atom sites act as pivotal photocatalytic active sites,with the presence of Zn single atoms notably augmenting charge separation efficiency.This work provides a novel approach for managing photocatalytic efficiency through enlarging single-atom doping,offering an avenue for pollutant photodegradation and sterilization.
文摘Apical microsurgery is accurate and minimally invasive,produces few complications,and has a success rate of more than 90%.However,due to the lack of awareness and understanding of apical microsurgery by dental general practitioners and even endodontists,many clinical problems remain to be overcome.The consensus has gathered well-known domestic experts to hold a series of special discussions and reached the consensus.This document specifies the indications,contraindications,preoperative preparations,operational procedures,complication prevention measures,and efficacy evaluation of apical microsurgery and is applicable to dentists who perform apical microsurgery after systematic training.
基金This research was supported by the Program （81570627） of the Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC）.
文摘Symptomatic seminal vesicle cysts （SVCs）, especially those of a large size, can be removed by surgical treatments. Currently, open surgeries for SVC are rarely performed due to their extensive surgical trauma, and minimally invasive surgical therapies for treating seminal vesicle cysts are still in the early stages. In addition, relevant studies are mostly confined to case reports. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed 53 patients who had received transperitoneal laparoscopic unroofing or fenestration under seminal vesiculoscopy for SVC in our institution. Both surgeries decreased the cyst volume to a significant extent; however, according to the remnant lesion size after rechecking images, seminal vesiculoscopic fenestration tended to have a higher recurrence than laparoscopic unroofing. Regarding complications, two individuals in the laparoscopic unroofing group experienced ureteral injury and rectal injury, while patients in the fenestration group only had temporary hemospermia, which indicates that fenestration surgery tends to have less severe complications than laparoscopic unroofing. There was no solid evidence confirming semen improvement after these surgical therapies in our study. Future studies with a prospective design, larger sample size, and longer follow-up period are required to verify and further explore our findings.
文摘Intentional tooth replantation(ITR)is an advanced treatment modality and the procedure of last resort for preserving teeth with inaccessible endodontic or resorptive lesions.ITR is defined as the deliberate extraction of a tooth;evaluation of the root surface,endodontic manipulation,and repair;and placement of the tooth back into its original socket.Case reports,case series,cohort studies,and randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of ITR in the retention of natural teeth that are untreatable or difficult to manage with root canal treatment or endodontic microsurgery.However,variations in clinical protocols for ITR exist due to the empirical nature of the original protocols and rapid advancements in the field of oral biology and dental materials.This heterogeneity in protocols may cause confusion among dental practitioners;therefore,guidelines and considerations for ITR should be explicated.This expert consensus discusses the biological foundation of ITR,the available clinical protocols and current status of ITR in treating teeth with refractory apical periodontitis or anatomical aberration,and the main complications of this treatment,aiming to refine the clinical management of ITR in accordance with the progress of basic research and clinical studies;the findings suggest that ITR may become a more consistent evidence-based option in dental treatment.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFF0612601)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2023C02038)+3 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Ningbo(No.2022Z178)China Construction Technology Research and Development Project(No.CSCEC-2021-Z-5)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ23B010003)the Open Research Fund Program of Key Laboratory of Surface&Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province(No.SISPM-2022-03).
文摘Lead-free halide perovskite material has drawn fast-growing interest due to its superiorsolar-conversion efficiency and nontoxic nature. In this work, we have successfully fabricatedcesium silver bismuth bromide (Cs2AgBiBr6) quantum dots utilizing the hot injectionmethod. The as-synthesized quantum dots were characterized by combined techniques,which showed remarkable visible-light photocatalytic activity for organic dyes and antibioticdegradation in ethanol. Specifically, about 97% of rhodamine B and methyl orange maybe removed within 10 min and 30 min, respectively. Additionally, 60% of antibiotic residueof tetracycline hydrochloride is degraded in 30min which is 7 times more than that on commercialtitania (P25). The reactive species for the photodegradation are determined throughcapture experiments, and a reaction mechanism is proposed accordingly. This work providesa novel photocatalyst for the selective removal of diverse organic contaminants inethanol and an alternative for the potential application of lead-free halide perovskites.
基金Supported by the Henan Province Science and Technology Development Plan,No.242102311124Key Medical Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province,No.SBGJ202102188+1 种基金Henan Provincial Medical Science and Technology Project,No.LHGJ20221012Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities of Henan Province,No.NSFRF240308.
文摘BACKGROUND The causes of death in patients with advanced esophageal cancer are multi-factorial,with tumor metastasis being one of the important factors.Histone acetylation promotes the migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)cells,while the histone deacetylase inhibitor(HDACi)shows complex effects on tumor functions.AIM To comprehensively elucidate the impact and molecular mechanisms of trichostatin A(TSA),an HDACi,on cell migration in ESCC through bromodomain-containing protein(BRD4)/cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene(c-Myc)/endoplasmic reticulum(ER)-stress.METHODS The effects of TSA on ESCC cell lines Eca109 and EC9706 migration were evaluated using Transwell assays,with small interfering transfection and pathway-specific inhibitors to elucidate underlying mechanisms.The mRNA levels involved were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Protein levels of acetylated histones H3(acH3)and acetylated histones H4,BRD4,c-Myc,as well as markers of ER stress and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),were analyzed using western blot.Additionally,this method was also used to examine acH3 levels in esophageal cancer tissues and adjacent tissues.Patient outcomes were subsequently tracked to identify prognostic indicators using Log-Rank tests and Cox multivariate analysis.RESULTS TSA promoted the migration of ESCC cells by stimulating the EMT process.TSA-mediated histone acetylation facilitated the recruitment of BRD4,a bromodomain-containing protein,triggering the expression of c-Myc.This cascade induced ER stress and enhanced EMT in ESCC cells.To further elucidate the underlying mechanism,we employed various interventions including the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid,knockdown of c-Myc and BRD4 expression,and utilization of the BRD4 inhibitor carboxylic acid as well as the inhibitor of TSA 1.Mechanist-ically,these studies revealed that TSA-mediated histone acetylation facilitated the recruitment of BRD4,which in turn triggered the expression of c-Myc.This sequential activation induced ER stress and subsequently enhanced EMT,thereby promoting the migration of ESCC cells.Additionally,we examined histone acetylation levels in specimens from 43 patients with ESCC,including both tumor tissues and paired adjacent tissues.Statistical analysis unveiled a negative correlation between the level of histone acetylation and the long-term prognosis of patients with ESCC.CONCLUSION TSA promoted ESCC cell migration through the BRD4/c-Myc/ER stress pathway.Moreover,elevated histone acetylation in ESCC tissues correlated with poor ESCC prognosis.These findings enhance our understanding of ESCC migration and HDACi therapy.
基金supported by the Quzhou Science and Technology Bureau Project(2023D023,2023D030,2023D002,and2024D028)the Joint Funds of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LZY23B030002)+3 种基金the Shijiazhuang Shangtai Technology Co.,Ltd.Hebei Provincial Department of Science and Technology(24291101Z)the International Cooperation Projects of Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2021YFH0126)the Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department's key research project(2023YFG0203)。
文摘Metal foils have emerged as one of the promising materials for anode-free batteries due to their high energy density and scalability in production.The unclear lithium plating/stripping kinetics of metal foil current collectors in anode-free batteries was addressed by using the non-destructive distribution of relaxation times(DRT)analysis to systematically investigate the lithium transport behavior of 14 metal foils and its correlation with electrochemical performance.By integrating energy-dispersive spectro scopy(EDS),cyclic voltammetry(CV),and galvanostatic testing,the exceptional properties of indium(In),tin(Sn),and silver(Ag)were revealed:the Li-In alloying reaction exhibits high reversibility,Li-Sn alloys demonstrate outstanding cycling stability,and the Li-Ag solid-solution mechanism provides an ideal lithium deposition interface on the silver substrate.The DRT separates the polarization internal resistance of lithium ions passing through the SEI layer(R_(sei),τ2)and the polarization internal resistance of lithium ions undergoing charge transfer reaction at the electrolyte/electrode interface(R_(ct),τ3)by decoupling the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).For the first time,the correlation betweenτ2,τ3,and the cycle life/Coulombic efficiency of alloy/solid-solution metals was established,while non-alloy metals are not suitable for this method due to differences in lithium deposition mechanisms.This study not only illuminates the structure-property relationship governing the lithium kinetics of metal foil electrodes but also provides a novel non-destructive analytical strategy and theoretical guidance for the rational design of stable anodes in high-energy-density batteries,facilitating the efficient screening and optimization of anode-free battery.
基金Supported by the Heilongjiang Provincial Health Commission Scientific Research Project,No.20230404040027the Scientific Technology Project of Qiqihar City,No.CSFGG-2025030.
文摘Mild cognitive impairment(MCI),which is a high-risk transitional phase leading to Alzheimer’s disease,is characterized by mild memory deficits and specific cognitive dysfunctions.Without effective intervention,a significant proportion of patients with MCI progress to dementia.However,current pharmacological treatments are characterized by side effects and poor patient compliance.Therefore,it is necessary to develop effective,noninvasive alternative treatments.Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)is becoming a widely studied noninvasive treatment for central nervous system disease.The therapeutic effects of rTMS on patients with MCI and its underlying mechanism are noteworthy issues.Recently,a growing number of studies have shown that meningeal lymphatic vessel damage may be related to cognitive dysfunction.Whether the improvement of the meningeal lymphatic system is an important mechanism through which rTMS improves the clinical manifestations of MCI is worthy of further study.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,Grant/Award Number:2024AFB877the Chongqing Medical Scientific Research Project(Joint Project of Chongqing Health Commission and Science&Technology Bureau),Grant/Award Number:2023GGXM003+3 种基金Chongqing Municipal Health Commission,Grant/Award Number:YXGD202451Organization Department of Chongqing Municipal Party Committee,Grant/Award Number:cstc2024ycjh-bgzxm0103National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82371361Jingmen Science and Technology Bureau,Grant/Award Number:2024ZDYF012。
文摘Background:Hemorrhagic expansion into the fourth ventricle is an independent risk factor for poor outcomes in intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH)patients.However,to date,available animal models of IVH are limited to models of supratentorial ventricular hemorrhage,and there are no specific models of fourth ventricle hemorrhage.This limitation hinders comprehensive basic research and the understanding of the pathophysiological changes that occur following fourth ventricle hemorrhage.Therefore,the development of an animal model of fourth ventricle hemorrhage is highly important.Methods:In this study,a novel rat model of fourth ventricle hemorrhage was established via autologous blood injection through the foramen of Magendie.Anesthetized rats were positioned in a stereotaxic apparatus with their heads tilted downward at an angle of approximately 20°relative to the vertical axis.A needle was inserted through the foramen,and autologous blood obtained from the rat's heart was injected into the fourth ventricle via a microinfusion pump.Systematic evaluations of the model were conducted using small-animal magnetic resonance imaging,histopathological analysis,and neurological function assessment.Results:The rats developed stable and reproducible fourth ventricle hematomas and ventricular dilation.They also exhibited acute-phase hydrocephalus and pathological features of perilesional brain tissue injury,with observed neurological deficits comparable to patients with fourth ventricle hemorrhage.Conclusion:This model successfully recapitulates the clinicopathological and pathophysiological characteristics of patients with fourth ventricle hemorrhage and can be utilized for further investigation into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus and perilesional brainstem tissue injury.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2018ZX10302206).
文摘Background PANoptosis has the features of pyroptosis,apoptosis,and necroptosis.Numerous studies have confirmed the diverse roles of various types of cell death in acute liver failure(ALF),but limited attention has been given to the crosstalk among them.In this study,we aimed to explore the role of PANoptosis in ALF and uncover new targets for its prevention or treatment.Methods Three ALF-related datasets(GSE14668,GSE62029,and GSE74000)were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Hub genes were identified through intersecting DEGs,genes obtained from weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA),and genes related to PANoptosis.Gene Ontology(GO),Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG),protein–protein interaction(PPI)analyses and gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)were performed to determine functional roles.Verification was performed using an ALF mouse model.Results Our results showed that expression of seven hub genes(B-cell lymphoma-2-modifying factor(BMF),B-cell lymphoma-2-interacting protein 3-like(BNIP3L),Caspase-1(CASP1),receptor-interacting protein kinase 3(RIPK3),uveal autoantigen with coiled-coil domains and ankyrin repeats protein(UACA),uncoordinated-5 homolog B receptor(UNC5B),and Z-DNA-binding protein 1(ZBP1))was up-regulated in liver samples of patients.However,in the ALF mouse model,the expression of BNIP3L,RIPK3,phosphorylated RIPK3(P-RIPK3),UACA,and cleaved caspase-1 was up-regulated,while the expression of CASP1 and UNC5B was down-regulated.The expression of ZBP1 and BMF increased only during the development of ALF,and there was no significant change in the end stage.Immunofluorescence of mouse liver tissue showed that macrophages expressed all seven markers.Western blot results showed that pyroptosis,apoptosis,and necroptosis were always involved in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)/D-galactosamine(D-gal)-induced ALF mice.The ALF cell model showed that bone marrow-derived macrophages(BMDMs)form PANoptosomes after LPS stimulation.Conclusions Our results suggest that PANoptosis of macrophages promotes the development of ALF.The seven new ALF biomarkers identified and validated in this study may contribute to further investigation of diagnostic markers or novel therapeutic targets of ALF.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(grant no.2022YFD1400700)the Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Construction Project for the Technological Innovation and Service System of the Tea Industry Chain(K1520005A03)+1 种基金The Open Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(SKL2023005)The Special Fund for Scientific and Technological Innovation of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(KFB23012).
文摘Tomato bacterial wilt is an important disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum,which is harmful to the development of tomato industry and seriously affects the yield and quality of tomato.In this study,the strain XF-8 with antagonism against R.solanacearum was isolated from soil and identified as Bacillus velezensis,and its control effect on tomato bacterial wilt was better than that of kasugamycin.The disease index of tomato plants treated with XF-8 was significantly reduced(P<0.05)in the pot experiment,and the control effect was 74.25%,which was higher than 45.11%of kasugamycin treatment group.The antibacterial activity of lipopeptide extract from the fermentation supernatant of strain XF-8 was further verified,and then the inhibitory rate of the substance at the concentration of 1 mg/mL was as high as 96.20%.The microscopic investigations indicated that the surface of R.solanacearum was wrinkled and deformed after treating with lipopeptide extract,and most of the bacteria were dead and rupture of the cell membrane,which leading to the cell death.Meanwhile,the active oxygen was produced and the lipopeptide extract could also significantly induced DNA injuries of R.solanacearum.All these results confirmed that the isolated strain B.velezensis exhibited excellent effect of preventing and controlling the tomato bacterial wilt.Moreover,XF-8 strain has high inhibitory effect on 10 types of pathogenic fungi,which shows broad-spectrum bacteriostasis.This study provides a theoretical basis and strain resources for the development and application of biopesticides,and broadened the potential biocontrol value of B.velezensis.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3207204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52293422)+6 种基金the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province-Regional Joint Fund-Key Projects(Grant Nos.2022B1515120012 and 2023B0101200003)the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2023B0101200003)the Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(Grant Nos.JCYJ20240813141317023,KJZD20240903095707010,KCXFZ20230731093259009,JCYJ20220818102618040,GJHZ20220913143207014,JCYJ20241202130558075,and KJZD20230923114002005)the Shenzhen Medical Research Fund(Grant Nos.D2301014 and D2402002)the Chemical Department of Hangzhou Normal University and the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory Open Scientific Projects Fund(Grant No.KFJJ2023007)the Medical-Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Foundation of Shenzhen University,the Research Team Cultivation Program of Shenzhen University(Grant No.2023QNT008)the Graduate Independent Innovation Achievement Cultivation Project of Shenzhen University in 2025(Grant No.315-000066010715).
文摘Achieving precise tumor ablation without damaging surrounding healthy tissue remains a significant challenge in cancer therapy,particularly for deep-seated or irregularly shaped tumors.Traditional laser-based approaches,although minimally invasive,are often limited by insufficient tissue penetration,uncontrolled thermal damage,and narrow therapeutic windows.We introduce GHz high-repetition-rate pulsed lasers as a transformative modality for tumor ablation.This approach capitalizes on the thermal accumulation effect of GHz pulse trains,in which the pulse interval is significantly shorter than the thermal relaxation time of biological tissue.Such a regime enables efficient and localized heat deposition in tumor regions.By precisely tuning the repetition frequency,pulse duration,and energy density,we establish a dynamic“ablation-cooling”cycle:rapid energy delivery followed by transient inter-pulse cooling.This thermal modulation ensures sharply confined ablation zones with reduced collateral damage.Our systematic investigation of laser-tissue interaction parameters demonstrates that GHz lasers offer superior spatial selectivity,minimized off-target injury,and enhanced treatment safety,presenting a compelling rationale for clinical translation of this paradigm in precision photothermal oncology.
