Cancer presents a major global public health challenge and requires comprehensive treatments such as surgery and chemotherapy.Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)has gained attention as a potential adjunct therapy,but its eff...Cancer presents a major global public health challenge and requires comprehensive treatments such as surgery and chemotherapy.Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)has gained attention as a potential adjunct therapy,but its efficacy remains uncertain.To evaluate this,researchers conducted a search of EMBASE,Web of Science,PubMed,and the Cochrane Library for relevant articles.They included 33 studies with 17 cohorts,assessed the quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale,and performed statistical analyses with Review Manager and STATA software.The results showed that cancer patients receiving CHM had a significantly reduced mortality risk(relative risk=0.79,95%confidence interval=0.72–0.86;P<0.00001).Both the unadjusted hazard ratio(HR)and the adjusted HR indicated a substantially and consistently lowered mortality risk for CHM-treated patients(unadjusted:P=0.00,I2=98.1%,HR=0.57,95%confidence interval=0.52–0.62;adjusted:P<0.00001,I2=98%,HR=0.59,95%confidence interval=0.53–0.66).Subgroup analysis by tumor type showed that CHM reduced mortality risk in patients with respiratory and digestive cancers.In conclusion,CHM treatment,either alone or in combination with chemotherapy,significantly decreases mortality risk in cancer patients.However,these findings need further verification through large-scale,multicenter,high-quality,long-term trials.展开更多
Magnetic properties and the magnetocaloric effect(MCE)of the RSi(R=Ce,Pr,Nd)compounds made of Misch metal(MM)are investigated.Two transitions are found at 12K and 38K.Field variation generated large MCE and two peaks ...Magnetic properties and the magnetocaloric effect(MCE)of the RSi(R=Ce,Pr,Nd)compounds made of Misch metal(MM)are investigated.Two transitions are found at 12K and 38K.Field variation generated large MCE and two peaks are found in the magnetic entropy change(△S)curves,which correspond to the two transition temperatures.The maximum values of the magnetic entropy changes(△S)are found to be-5.1 J/(kg·K)and-9.3 J/(kg·K)for the field ranges of 0-2 T and 0-5 T,respectively.The large AS as well as ultra-low price of MM make(MM)Si a competitive magnetic refrigerant candidate for low temperature in Eriksson cycle.展开更多
Tumor-targeted magnetic hyperthermia has recently attracted much attention.Magnetic nanoparticles(NPs) are heat mediator nanoprobes in magnetic hyperthermia for cancer treatment.In this paper,single cubic spinel struc...Tumor-targeted magnetic hyperthermia has recently attracted much attention.Magnetic nanoparticles(NPs) are heat mediator nanoprobes in magnetic hyperthermia for cancer treatment.In this paper,single cubic spinel structural Zn_(0.3)Fe_(2.7)O_(4) magnetic NPs with sizes of 14 nm-20 nm were synthesized,followed by coating with SiO_(2) shell.The SLP value of Zn_(0.3)Fe_(2.7)O_(4)/SiO_(2) NPs below 20 nm changes non-monotonically with the concentration of solution under the alternating current(AC) magnetic field of 430 kHz and 27 kA/m.SLP values of all Zn_(0.3)Fe_(2.7)O_(4)/SiO_(2) NPs appear a peak value with change of solution concentration.The solution concentrations with optimal SLP value decrease with increasing magnetic core size.This work can give guidance to the better prediction and control of the magnetic hyperthermia performance of materials in clinical applications.展开更多
High quality Zn0.5CoxFe2.5−xO4(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15)serial magnetic nanoparticles with single cubic structures were prepared by the modified thermal decomposition method,and Zn0.5CoxFe2.5−xO4/SiO2 composite magnetic nano...High quality Zn0.5CoxFe2.5−xO4(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15)serial magnetic nanoparticles with single cubic structures were prepared by the modified thermal decomposition method,and Zn0.5CoxFe2.5−xO4/SiO2 composite magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by surface modification of SiO2.The magnetic anisotropy of the sample increases with the increase of the doping amount of Co2+.When the doping amount is 0.1,the sample shows the transition from superparamagnetism to ferrimagnetism at room temperature.In the Zn0.5CoxFe2.5−xO4/SiO2 serial samples,the maximum value of specific loss power(SLP)with 1974 W/gmetal can also be found at doping amount of x=0.1.The composite nanoparticles are expected to be an excellent candidate for clinical magnetic hyperthermia.展开更多
Mn_(0.3)Zn_(0.3)Co_(x)Fe_(2.4-x)O_(4)series magnetic nanoparticles are prepared by the high-temperature organic solvent method,and Mn_(0.3)Zn_(0.3)Co_(x)Fe_(2.4-x)O_(4)@SiO_(2)composite nanoparticles are prepared by t...Mn_(0.3)Zn_(0.3)Co_(x)Fe_(2.4-x)O_(4)series magnetic nanoparticles are prepared by the high-temperature organic solvent method,and Mn_(0.3)Zn_(0.3)Co_(x)Fe_(2.4-x)O_(4)@SiO_(2)composite nanoparticles are prepared by the reverse microemulsion method.The as-prepared samples are characterized,and the results show that the magnetic anisotropy constant of nanoparticles increases with the cobalt content,and the magnetic thermal induction shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.The optimal magnetic thermal induction is obtained at x=0.12 with a specific loss power of 2086 w/gmetal,which is a bright prospect in clinical magnetic hyperthermia.展开更多
This review systematically examines the pivotal roles of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),key metabolites derived from gut microbiota,in modulating tumor immunity and enhancing therapeutic strategies against cancer.SCFA...This review systematically examines the pivotal roles of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),key metabolites derived from gut microbiota,in modulating tumor immunity and enhancing therapeutic strategies against cancer.SCFAs,generated through microbial fermentation of dietary fibres,orchestrate multifaceted immunomodulatory effects via three primary pathways:(1)metabolic regulation of immune cells,(2)reinforcement of intestinal barrier integrity,and(3)suppression of pro-inflammatory cascades.Within the tumor microenvironment(TME),SCFAs exert dual regulatory mechanisms-activating G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)on immune cells and inhibiting histone deacetylases(HDACs)-to reprogramme immunosuppressive niches into immunostimulatory landscapes.Emerging evidence indicates that SCFAs not only directly suppress oncogenic processes(proliferation,metastasis)and induce apoptosis but also synergize with conventional therapies(radiotherapy/chemotherapy)to amplify treatment efficacy and mitigate adverse effects.Notably,SCFA-mediated TME remodelling can be harnessed through microbiota-targeted interventions-including faecal microbiota transplantation,precision nutrition,and engineered probiotics-offering a novel framework for predictive biomarker development and personalised anti-cancer regimens.By synthesising current knowledge,this review proposes a microbiome-centric paradigm for cancer management,advocating translational research focused on SCFA-boosting strategies to establish precision oncology approaches tailored to individual gut ecosystem profiles.Further mechanistic exploration across diverse malignancies and rigorous clinical validation are warranted to fully exploit this microbiota-immunity-oncology axis.展开更多
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)is a malignant tumor arising from the mucosal epithelium of the upper aerodigestive tract and represents one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide.Despite advances in surg...Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)is a malignant tumor arising from the mucosal epithelium of the upper aerodigestive tract and represents one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide.Despite advances in surgery,radiotherapy,chemotherapy,and immunotherapy,the prognosis of patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC remains poor.Increasing evidence indicates that the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)plays a decisive role in tumor progression,immune evasion,and therapeutic resistance.Among the various immunosuppressive mechanisms,T-cell exhaustion has emerged as a central barrier limiting durable antitumor immunity and the clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade.T-cell exhaustion in HNSCC is characterized by sustained antigen stimulation,progressive loss of effector function,metabolic dysfunction,and the upregulation of multiple inhibitory receptors,including PD-1,LAG-3,TIM-3,and CD244.This dysfunctional state is further reinforced by complex interactions with other immunosuppressive components of the TIME,such as regulatory T cells(Tregs),tumor-associated macrophages,cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs),hypoxia,and tumor metabolic reprogramming.Together,these factors establish a hostile microenvironment that impairs cytotoxic T-cell activity and promotes immune escape.In this review,we comprehensively summarize the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying T-cell exhaustion in HNSCC,with particular emphasis on immune checkpoint signaling,transcriptional and epigenetic regulation,and immunometabolic alterations.We further discuss emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at reversing T-cell dysfunction,including immune checkpoint inhibitors,CD244-targeted approaches,Treg modulation,CAF-oriented interventions,and metabolism-based immunotherapies.By integrating recent preclinical and clinical findings,this review provides a conceptual framework for biomarker-guided and combination immunotherapy strategies,with the goal of improving treatment responses and clinical outcomes for patients with HNSCC.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82060519,81760519,81560429)the Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology-Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Applied Basic Research Joint Special Key Project(2019FF002(-011))+3 种基金Yunnan Province 10,000 people plan young top-notch talents(YNWR-QNBJ-2018-212)Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology-Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Applied Basic Research Joint Special Project(202301AZ070001-062)State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine High-level Chinese Medicine Key Discipline Construction Project“Dai Medicine”Yunnan Science and Technology Talent and Platform Program(202105AG070012).
文摘Cancer presents a major global public health challenge and requires comprehensive treatments such as surgery and chemotherapy.Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)has gained attention as a potential adjunct therapy,but its efficacy remains uncertain.To evaluate this,researchers conducted a search of EMBASE,Web of Science,PubMed,and the Cochrane Library for relevant articles.They included 33 studies with 17 cohorts,assessed the quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale,and performed statistical analyses with Review Manager and STATA software.The results showed that cancer patients receiving CHM had a significantly reduced mortality risk(relative risk=0.79,95%confidence interval=0.72–0.86;P<0.00001).Both the unadjusted hazard ratio(HR)and the adjusted HR indicated a substantially and consistently lowered mortality risk for CHM-treated patients(unadjusted:P=0.00,I2=98.1%,HR=0.57,95%confidence interval=0.52–0.62;adjusted:P<0.00001,I2=98%,HR=0.59,95%confidence interval=0.53–0.66).Subgroup analysis by tumor type showed that CHM reduced mortality risk in patients with respiratory and digestive cancers.In conclusion,CHM treatment,either alone or in combination with chemotherapy,significantly decreases mortality risk in cancer patients.However,these findings need further verification through large-scale,multicenter,high-quality,long-term trials.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.51701130,51571146,and 51771124.
文摘Magnetic properties and the magnetocaloric effect(MCE)of the RSi(R=Ce,Pr,Nd)compounds made of Misch metal(MM)are investigated.Two transitions are found at 12K and 38K.Field variation generated large MCE and two peaks are found in the magnetic entropy change(△S)curves,which correspond to the two transition temperatures.The maximum values of the magnetic entropy changes(△S)are found to be-5.1 J/(kg·K)and-9.3 J/(kg·K)for the field ranges of 0-2 T and 0-5 T,respectively.The large AS as well as ultra-low price of MM make(MM)Si a competitive magnetic refrigerant candidate for low temperature in Eriksson cycle.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51771124,51571146,and 51701130)。
文摘Tumor-targeted magnetic hyperthermia has recently attracted much attention.Magnetic nanoparticles(NPs) are heat mediator nanoprobes in magnetic hyperthermia for cancer treatment.In this paper,single cubic spinel structural Zn_(0.3)Fe_(2.7)O_(4) magnetic NPs with sizes of 14 nm-20 nm were synthesized,followed by coating with SiO_(2) shell.The SLP value of Zn_(0.3)Fe_(2.7)O_(4)/SiO_(2) NPs below 20 nm changes non-monotonically with the concentration of solution under the alternating current(AC) magnetic field of 430 kHz and 27 kA/m.SLP values of all Zn_(0.3)Fe_(2.7)O_(4)/SiO_(2) NPs appear a peak value with change of solution concentration.The solution concentrations with optimal SLP value decrease with increasing magnetic core size.This work can give guidance to the better prediction and control of the magnetic hyperthermia performance of materials in clinical applications.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51771124,51571146,and 51701130)。
文摘High quality Zn0.5CoxFe2.5−xO4(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15)serial magnetic nanoparticles with single cubic structures were prepared by the modified thermal decomposition method,and Zn0.5CoxFe2.5−xO4/SiO2 composite magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by surface modification of SiO2.The magnetic anisotropy of the sample increases with the increase of the doping amount of Co2+.When the doping amount is 0.1,the sample shows the transition from superparamagnetism to ferrimagnetism at room temperature.In the Zn0.5CoxFe2.5−xO4/SiO2 serial samples,the maximum value of specific loss power(SLP)with 1974 W/gmetal can also be found at doping amount of x=0.1.The composite nanoparticles are expected to be an excellent candidate for clinical magnetic hyperthermia.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 51571146,51771124 and 51701130
文摘Mn_(0.3)Zn_(0.3)Co_(x)Fe_(2.4-x)O_(4)series magnetic nanoparticles are prepared by the high-temperature organic solvent method,and Mn_(0.3)Zn_(0.3)Co_(x)Fe_(2.4-x)O_(4)@SiO_(2)composite nanoparticles are prepared by the reverse microemulsion method.The as-prepared samples are characterized,and the results show that the magnetic anisotropy constant of nanoparticles increases with the cobalt content,and the magnetic thermal induction shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.The optimal magnetic thermal induction is obtained at x=0.12 with a specific loss power of 2086 w/gmetal,which is a bright prospect in clinical magnetic hyperthermia.
基金supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82060519,81760519,81560429)Yunnan Province 10,000 people plan young top-notch talent(YNWR-QNBJ-2018-212)+1 种基金Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology-Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Applied Basic Research Joint Special Project(202301AZ070001-062)the Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology-Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Applied Basic Research Joint Special Key Project(2019FF002(-011)).
文摘This review systematically examines the pivotal roles of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),key metabolites derived from gut microbiota,in modulating tumor immunity and enhancing therapeutic strategies against cancer.SCFAs,generated through microbial fermentation of dietary fibres,orchestrate multifaceted immunomodulatory effects via three primary pathways:(1)metabolic regulation of immune cells,(2)reinforcement of intestinal barrier integrity,and(3)suppression of pro-inflammatory cascades.Within the tumor microenvironment(TME),SCFAs exert dual regulatory mechanisms-activating G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)on immune cells and inhibiting histone deacetylases(HDACs)-to reprogramme immunosuppressive niches into immunostimulatory landscapes.Emerging evidence indicates that SCFAs not only directly suppress oncogenic processes(proliferation,metastasis)and induce apoptosis but also synergize with conventional therapies(radiotherapy/chemotherapy)to amplify treatment efficacy and mitigate adverse effects.Notably,SCFA-mediated TME remodelling can be harnessed through microbiota-targeted interventions-including faecal microbiota transplantation,precision nutrition,and engineered probiotics-offering a novel framework for predictive biomarker development and personalised anti-cancer regimens.By synthesising current knowledge,this review proposes a microbiome-centric paradigm for cancer management,advocating translational research focused on SCFA-boosting strategies to establish precision oncology approaches tailored to individual gut ecosystem profiles.Further mechanistic exploration across diverse malignancies and rigorous clinical validation are warranted to fully exploit this microbiota-immunity-oncology axis.
文摘Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)is a malignant tumor arising from the mucosal epithelium of the upper aerodigestive tract and represents one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide.Despite advances in surgery,radiotherapy,chemotherapy,and immunotherapy,the prognosis of patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC remains poor.Increasing evidence indicates that the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)plays a decisive role in tumor progression,immune evasion,and therapeutic resistance.Among the various immunosuppressive mechanisms,T-cell exhaustion has emerged as a central barrier limiting durable antitumor immunity and the clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade.T-cell exhaustion in HNSCC is characterized by sustained antigen stimulation,progressive loss of effector function,metabolic dysfunction,and the upregulation of multiple inhibitory receptors,including PD-1,LAG-3,TIM-3,and CD244.This dysfunctional state is further reinforced by complex interactions with other immunosuppressive components of the TIME,such as regulatory T cells(Tregs),tumor-associated macrophages,cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs),hypoxia,and tumor metabolic reprogramming.Together,these factors establish a hostile microenvironment that impairs cytotoxic T-cell activity and promotes immune escape.In this review,we comprehensively summarize the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying T-cell exhaustion in HNSCC,with particular emphasis on immune checkpoint signaling,transcriptional and epigenetic regulation,and immunometabolic alterations.We further discuss emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at reversing T-cell dysfunction,including immune checkpoint inhibitors,CD244-targeted approaches,Treg modulation,CAF-oriented interventions,and metabolism-based immunotherapies.By integrating recent preclinical and clinical findings,this review provides a conceptual framework for biomarker-guided and combination immunotherapy strategies,with the goal of improving treatment responses and clinical outcomes for patients with HNSCC.
