The long suspicion of the potential harm of carbon dioxide （CO2） pneumoperitoneum exists in laparoscopic cancer surgery. For better understanding of this problem, we targeted this study at the effects of CO2 pneumop...The long suspicion of the potential harm of carbon dioxide （CO2） pneumoperitoneum exists in laparoscopic cancer surgery. For better understanding of this problem, we targeted this study at the effects of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on the invasive ability of ovarian carcinoma cell line and the possible mechanism within it. To study the effects of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on carcinoma cell, SKOV3 cells were divided into 2 groups, respectively exposed to pneumoperitoneal CO2-insuffiation and normal conditions. To study the possible mechanism, SKOV3 cells were divided into 3 groups, one was exposed to CO2 pneumoperitoneum, one to N2 and the other to normal conditions served as control. The in vitro adhesive and invasive ability of the cells was analyzed through 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay and Boyden filters metastasis model; the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor C （VEGF-C） and matrix metalloproteinase 9 （MMP9） were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）, and Western blot. We found that the adhesive ratio of SKOV3 cells exposed to CO2 was significantly higher than that of the control group; cells exposed to CO2 invaded the matrigel with a greater number （P〈0.01）; the expression of VEGF-C exposed to both CO2 and N2 was significantly increased compared with control group （P〈0.05）; the MMP9 expression level of CO2 group was higher than that of N2 group, P〈0.05. We concluded that carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum may improve the adhesive and invasive ability of ovarian carcinoma cell line in vitro and CO2 can also be an independent factor to stimulate the expression of MMP9.展开更多
As the largest developing country in the world, China has not be involved in the obligation of emissions reduction in the （〈Kyoto Protocol）） . But it has become the largest CO2 emissions countries in the world. Th...As the largest developing country in the world, China has not be involved in the obligation of emissions reduction in the （〈Kyoto Protocol）） . But it has become the largest CO2 emissions countries in the world. This makes China confronted with more pressure of carbon emissions reduction in the post-Kyoto era, and face great challenges in response to climate change issues. On one hand, China＇ s economic growth stage has decided that the situation of more energy consumption and increased carbon emissions is diffficult to reverse in the short term; On the other hand, the traditional policy under the control of total amount of carbon emission has largely restricted economic development. If a developing country in economic transition is carried out compulsory absolute amount of carbon reduction policies, its economic activity and social consumption will be imposed additional constraints inevitably, which will eventually lead to lower economic competitiveness and decline in social standards of living. Ultimately it will affect the good effects of carbon emissions reduction, so the policy can not achieve a satisfactory result. This paper introduces the financial mechanism into the carbon market model, extends the time of model from one phase to multi-phase. And this paper tries to establish a cross-time carbon credits trade system, and the current strength of the traditional carbon emission market trade model is extended. The paper designs two type of option mechanism model--call options trade carbon emissions model and put options carbon emissions model. Models＇ results show that choosing options tool to extend our traditional carbon market model can bring following impacts on carbon market development： trade costs have fallen, the carbon intensity also has descended, and has realized the flow of carbon intensity in diffident time; it enables manufacturers to effectively avoid the risk of carbon emissions trade; it increases the flexibility and maneuverability of the carbon trade market. Finally, the policy recommendations in the financial mechanisms carbon market trade are put forward.展开更多
文摘The long suspicion of the potential harm of carbon dioxide （CO2） pneumoperitoneum exists in laparoscopic cancer surgery. For better understanding of this problem, we targeted this study at the effects of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on the invasive ability of ovarian carcinoma cell line and the possible mechanism within it. To study the effects of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on carcinoma cell, SKOV3 cells were divided into 2 groups, respectively exposed to pneumoperitoneal CO2-insuffiation and normal conditions. To study the possible mechanism, SKOV3 cells were divided into 3 groups, one was exposed to CO2 pneumoperitoneum, one to N2 and the other to normal conditions served as control. The in vitro adhesive and invasive ability of the cells was analyzed through 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay and Boyden filters metastasis model; the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor C （VEGF-C） and matrix metalloproteinase 9 （MMP9） were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）, and Western blot. We found that the adhesive ratio of SKOV3 cells exposed to CO2 was significantly higher than that of the control group; cells exposed to CO2 invaded the matrigel with a greater number （P〈0.01）; the expression of VEGF-C exposed to both CO2 and N2 was significantly increased compared with control group （P〈0.05）; the MMP9 expression level of CO2 group was higher than that of N2 group, P〈0.05. We concluded that carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum may improve the adhesive and invasive ability of ovarian carcinoma cell line in vitro and CO2 can also be an independent factor to stimulate the expression of MMP9.
文摘As the largest developing country in the world, China has not be involved in the obligation of emissions reduction in the （〈Kyoto Protocol）） . But it has become the largest CO2 emissions countries in the world. This makes China confronted with more pressure of carbon emissions reduction in the post-Kyoto era, and face great challenges in response to climate change issues. On one hand, China＇ s economic growth stage has decided that the situation of more energy consumption and increased carbon emissions is diffficult to reverse in the short term; On the other hand, the traditional policy under the control of total amount of carbon emission has largely restricted economic development. If a developing country in economic transition is carried out compulsory absolute amount of carbon reduction policies, its economic activity and social consumption will be imposed additional constraints inevitably, which will eventually lead to lower economic competitiveness and decline in social standards of living. Ultimately it will affect the good effects of carbon emissions reduction, so the policy can not achieve a satisfactory result. This paper introduces the financial mechanism into the carbon market model, extends the time of model from one phase to multi-phase. And this paper tries to establish a cross-time carbon credits trade system, and the current strength of the traditional carbon emission market trade model is extended. The paper designs two type of option mechanism model--call options trade carbon emissions model and put options carbon emissions model. Models＇ results show that choosing options tool to extend our traditional carbon market model can bring following impacts on carbon market development： trade costs have fallen, the carbon intensity also has descended, and has realized the flow of carbon intensity in diffident time; it enables manufacturers to effectively avoid the risk of carbon emissions trade; it increases the flexibility and maneuverability of the carbon trade market. Finally, the policy recommendations in the financial mechanisms carbon market trade are put forward.
