SnS,a well-known van der Waals chalcogenide,is susceptible to oxidation in high-temperature or highhumidity environments,significantly impacting its functional performance and device stability.Conversely,oxidation can...SnS,a well-known van der Waals chalcogenide,is susceptible to oxidation in high-temperature or highhumidity environments,significantly impacting its functional performance and device stability.Conversely,oxidation can be used as an effective strategy for surface engineering,allowing for structure modulation or design,property tuning and application exploration.However,there is currently a gap in understanding the relationship between the oxidation behavior of SnS,the structure of its oxidized surface,and the dependence on oxidation temperature.In this study,we systematically investigated the evolution of SnS surfaces under thermal oxidation using electron microscopy.The microstructure evolution(e.g.,surface structures,phases,defects,and interface)of SnS during high-temperature oxidation has been fully characterized and studied based on cross-sectional samples.Various surface heterostructures were constructed,including SnO_(2)/SnS,SnO_(2)/SnS_(2)/SnS,and SnO_(2)/Sn_(2)S_(3)/SnS,offering significant potential for the surface functionalization of SnS-based systems.Accordingly,oxidation mechanisms at different stages were elucidated based on the detailed and clear picture of microstructures.This research not only deepens our understanding of the fundamental science of SnS oxidation but also provides valuable insights for preventing and developing surface oxidation engineering in SnS and other van der Waals chalcogenides/materials.展开更多
Hepatitis B virus(HBV)has a worldwide distribution and is endemic in many populations.Due to its unique life cycle which requires an error-prone reverse transcriptase for replication,it constantly evolves,resulting in...Hepatitis B virus(HBV)has a worldwide distribution and is endemic in many populations.Due to its unique life cycle which requires an error-prone reverse transcriptase for replication,it constantly evolves,resulting in tremendous genetic variation in the form of genotypes,sub-genotypes,and mutations.In recent years,there has been considerable research on the relationship between HBV genetic variation and HBV-related pathogenesis,which has profound implications in the natural history of HBV infection,viral detection,immune prevention,drug treatment and prognosis.In this review,we attempted to provide a brief account of the influence of HBV genotype on the pathogenesis of HBV infection and summarize our current knowledge on the effects of HBV mutations in different regions on HBV-associated pathogenesis,with an emphasis on mutations in the pre S/S proteins in immune evasion,occult HBV infection and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),mutations in polymerase in relation to drug resistance,mutations in HBV core and e antigen in immune evasion,chronicalization of infection and hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure,and finally mutations in HBV x proteins in HCC.展开更多
Occult hepatitis B virus infection(OBI), characterized as the persistence of hepatitis B virus(HBV) surface antigen(HBs Ag) seronegativity and low viral load in blood or liver, is a special form of HBV infection. OBI ...Occult hepatitis B virus infection(OBI), characterized as the persistence of hepatitis B virus(HBV) surface antigen(HBs Ag) seronegativity and low viral load in blood or liver, is a special form of HBV infection. OBI may be related mainly to mutations in the HBV genome, although the underlying mechanism of it remains to be clarified. Mutations especially within the immunodominant "α" determinant of S protein are "hot spots" that could contribute to the occurrence of OBI via affecting antigenicity and immunogenicity of HBs Ag or replication and secretion of virion. Clinical reports account for a large proportion of previous studies on OBI, while functional analyses, especially those based on full-length HBV genome, are rare.展开更多
AIM:To develop models to predict hepatitis B e antigen(HBe Ag)seroconversion in response to interferon(IFN)-αtreatment in chronic hepatitis B patients.METHODS:We enrolled 147 treatment-nave HBe Agpositive chronic h...AIM:To develop models to predict hepatitis B e antigen(HBe Ag)seroconversion in response to interferon(IFN)-αtreatment in chronic hepatitis B patients.METHODS:We enrolled 147 treatment-nave HBe Agpositive chronic hepatitis B patients in China and analyzed variables after initiating IFN-α1b treatment.Patients were tested for serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),hepatitis B virus-DNA,hepatitis B surface antigen(HBs Ag),antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen,HBe Ag,antibody to hepatitis B e antigen(anti-HBe),and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen(anti-HBc)at baseline and 12 wk,24 wk,and 52 wk after initiating treatment.We performed univariate analysis to identify response predictors among the variables.Multivariate models to predict treatment response were constructed at baseline,12 wk,and 24 wk.RESULTS:At baseline,the 3 factors correlating most with HBe Ag seroconversion were serum ALT level>4×the upper limit of normal(ULN),HBe Ag≤500 S/CO,and anti-HBc>11.4 S/CO.At 12 wk,the 3 factors most associated with HBe Ag seroconversion were HBe Ag level≤250 S/CO,decline in HBe Ag>1 log10 S/CO,and anti-HBc>11.8 S/CO.At 24 wk,the 3 factors most associated with HBe Ag seroconversion were HBe Ag level≤5 S/CO,anti-HBc>11.4 S/CO,and decline in HBe Ag>2 log10 S/CO.Each variable was assigned a score of1,a score of 0 was given if patients did not have any of the 3 variables.The 3 factors most strongly correlating with HBe Ag seroconversion at each time point were used to build models to predict the outcome after IFN-αtreatment.When the score was 3,the response rates at the 3 time points were 57.7%,83.3%,and 84.0%,respectively.When the score was 0,the response rates were 2.9%,0.0%,and 2.1%,respectively.CONCLUSION:Models with good negative and positive predictive values were developed to calculate the probability of response to IFN-αtherapy.展开更多
The feasibility of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology cgmbined with minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of pubic rami fractures was explored.From August 2015 to October 2017,a series of 30 patients who...The feasibility of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology cgmbined with minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of pubic rami fractures was explored.From August 2015 to October 2017,a series of 30 patients who underwent surgical stabilization of their anterior pelvic ring (all utilizing the 3D printing technology)by one surgeon at a single hospital were studied.The minimally invasive incisions were made through anterior inferior cilia spine and pubic nodule.Data collected included the operative duration,the blood loss,the damage of the important tissue,the biographic union and therecovery of the function after the operation.Measurements on inlet and outlet pelvic cardiograph were made immediately post-operation and at all follow-up clinic visits.The scores of reduction and function were measured during follow-up.Results showed that the wounds of 30 patients were healed in the first stage,and there was no injury of important structures such as blood vessels and nerves.According to the Matta criteria,excellent effectiveness was obtained in 22 cases and good in 8 cases.According to the functional evaluation criteria of Majeed,excellent effectiveness was obtained in 21 cases and good in 9 cases.It was suggested that the 3D printing technology assisted by minimally invasive surgery can better evaluate the pelvic fracture before operation,which was helpful in plate modeling, and can shorten surgery duration and reduce intraoperative blood loss and complications. The positioning accuracy was improved,and better surgical result was finally achieved.展开更多
AIM： To detect Salmonella enteritidis （S. enteritidis） in paraffin slices and antigen location in infected duck tissues. METHODS： The rabbits were immunized with purified bacillus to obtain S. enteritidis-specific...AIM： To detect Salmonella enteritidis （S. enteritidis） in paraffin slices and antigen location in infected duck tissues. METHODS： The rabbits were immunized with purified bacillus to obtain S. enteritidis-specific antibody, which were then extracted by the caprylic-ammonium sulphate method, purified through High-Q columns. An indirect immuno-fluorescent staining method （IFA） was established to detect the S. enteritidis antigen in paraffin slices. Detected S. enteritidis in each organ tissue of ducklings experimentally infected with S. enteritidis. RESULTS： The gland of Garder, heart, kidney, spleen, liver, brain, ileum, jejunum, bursa of Fabricius from S. enteritidis experimentally infected ducklings were positive or strongly positive, and the S. enteritidis antigen mainly distributed in the infected cell cytoplasm.CONCLUSION： IFA is an intuitionist, sensitive and specific method in detecting S. enteritidis antigen in paraffin wax slices, and it is a good method in diagnosis and antigen location of S. enteritidis. We also conclude that the gland of Garder, heart, kidney, spleen, liver, ileum, jejunum are target organs in S. enteritidis infections of duck, and S. enteritidis is an intracellular parasitic bacterium.展开更多
AIM: To analyze the difference of intestinal microbial community diversity between healthy and (S. enteritidis) orally infected ducklings.METHODS: Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC)-PCR was applied...AIM: To analyze the difference of intestinal microbial community diversity between healthy and (S. enteritidis) orally infected ducklings.METHODS: Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC)-PCR was applied to analyze the intestinal microbial community diversity and dynamic change including duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and rectum from healthy ducklings and 7-day-old ducklings after oral infection with S. enteritidis at different time points.RESULTS: The intestinal microbial community of the control healthy ducklings was steady and the ERIC-PCR band numbers of the control healthy ducklings were the least with rectum and were the most with caecum. ERIC-PCR bands of orally inoculated ducklings did not obviously change until 24 h after inoculation (p.i.). The numbers of the ERIC-PCR bands gradually decreased from 24 h to 72 h p.i., and then, with the development of disease, the band numbers gradually increased until 6 d p.i. The prominent bacteria changed because of S. enteritidis infection and the DNAstar of staple of ERIC-PCR showed that aerobe and facultative aerobe (Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella) became preponderant bacilli in the intestine of orally infected ducklings with SE.CONCLUSION: This study has provided significant data to clarify the intestinal microbial community diversity and dynamic change of healthy and S. enteritidis orally infected ducklings, and valuable insight into the pathogenesis of S. enteritidis infection in both human and animals.展开更多
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is chronic,with its progression leading to liver fibrosis and end-stage cirrhosis.Although NAFLD is increasingly common,no treatment guideline has been established.Man...BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is chronic,with its progression leading to liver fibrosis and end-stage cirrhosis.Although NAFLD is increasingly common,no treatment guideline has been established.Many mechanistic studies and drug trials have been conducted for new drug development to treat NAFLD.An up-to-date overview on the knowledge structure of NAFLD through bibliometrics,focusing on research hotspots,is necessary to reveal the rational and timely directions of development in this field.AIM To research the latest literature and determine the current trends in treatment for NAFLD.METHODS Publications related to treatment for NAFLD were searched on the Web of Science Core Collection database,from 2010 to 2023.VOSviewers,CiteSpace,and R package“bibliometrix”were used to conduct this bibliometric analysis.The key information was extracted,and the results of the cluster analysis were based on network data for generating and investigating maps for country,institution,journal,and author.Historiography analysis,bursts and cluster analysis,cooccurrence analysis,and trend topic revealed the knowledge structure and research hotspots in this field.GraphPad Prism 9.5.1.733 and Microsoft Office Excel 2019 were used for data analysis and visualization.RESULTS In total,10829 articles from 120 countries(led by China and the United States)and 8785 institutions were included.The number of publications related to treatment for NAFLD increased annually.While China produced the most publications,the United States was the most cited country,and the United Kingdom collaborated the most from an international standpoint.The University of California-San Diego,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,and Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine produced the most publications of all the research institutions.The International Journal of Molecular Sciences was the most frequent journal out of the 1523 total journals,and Hepatology was the most cited and co-cited journal.Sanyal AJ was the most cited author,the most co-cited author was Younossi ZM,and the most influential author was Loomba R.The most studied topics included the epidemiology and mechanism of NAFLD,the development of accurate diagnosis,the precise management of patients with NAFLD,and the associated metabolic comorbidities.The major cluster topics were“emerging drug,”“glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist,”“metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease,”“gut microbiota,”and“glucose metabolism.”CONCLUSION The bibliometric study identified recent research frontiers and hot directions,which can provide a valuable reference for scholars researching treatments for NAFLD.展开更多
Background： Nitrogen（N）, phosphorous（P）, and potassium（K） are critical nutrient elements necessary for crop plant growth and development. However, excessive inputs will lead to inefficient usage and cause exces...Background： Nitrogen（N）, phosphorous（P）, and potassium（K） are critical nutrient elements necessary for crop plant growth and development. However, excessive inputs will lead to inefficient usage and cause excessive nutrient losses in the field environment, and also adversely affect the soil, water and air quality, human health, and biodiversity. Methods： Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of controlled-release fertilizer（CRF） on seed yield, plant growth, nutrient uptake, and fertilizer usage efficiency for early ripening rapeseed（Xiangzayou 1613） in the red-yellow soil of southern China during 2011–2013. It was grown using a soluble fertilizer（SF） and the same amounts of CRF, such as SF1/CRF1（3750 kg/hm^2）, SF2/CRF2（3000 kg/hm^2）, SF3/CRF3（2250 kg/hm^2）, SF4/CRF4（1500 kg/hm^2）, SF5/CRF5（750 kg/hm^2）, and also using no fertilizer（CK）. Results： CRF gave higher seed yields than SF in both seasons by 14.51%. CRF4 and SF3 in each group achieved maximum seed yield（2066.97 and 1844.50 kg/hm^2, respectively）, followed by CRF3（1929.97 kg/hm^2） and SF4（1839.40 kg/hm^2）. There were no significant differences in seed yield among CK, SF1, and CRF1（P0.05）. CRF4 had the highest profit（7126.4 CNY/hm2） and showed an increase of 12.37% in seed yield, and it decreased by 11.01% in unit fertilizer rate compared with SF4. The branch number, pod number, and dry matter weight compared with SF increased significantly under the fertilization of CRF（P0.05）. The pod number per plant was the major contributor to seed yield. On the other hand, the N, P, and K uptakes increased at first and then decreased with increasing the fertilizer rate at maturity, and the N, P, and K usage efficiency decreased with increasing the fertilizer rate. The N, P, and K uptakes and usage efficiencies of the CRF were significantly higher than those of SF（P0.05）. The N accumulation and N usage efficiency of CRF increased by an average of 13.66% and 9.74 percentage points, respectively, compared to SF. In conclusion, CRF significantly promoted the growth of rapeseed with using total N as the base fertilizer, by providing sufficient N in the later growth stages, and last by reducing the residual N in the soil and increasing the N accumulation and N usage efficiency.展开更多
AIM： To identify and understand the regular distribution pattern for Salmonella enteritidis （S. enteritidis） in the internal organs of mice after an oral challenge over a 3 wk period. METHODS： Assays based on the ...AIM： To identify and understand the regular distribution pattern for Salmonella enteritidis （S. enteritidis） in the internal organs of mice after an oral challenge over a 3 wk period. METHODS： Assays based on the serovar-specific DNA sequence of S. enteritidis from GenBank, and a serovar-specific real-time, fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction （FQ-PCR） were developed for the detection of S. enteritidis. We used this assay to detect genomic DNA of S. enteritidis in the blood and the internal organs, including heart, liver, spleen, kidney, pancreas, and gallbladder, from mice after oral challenge at different time points respectively.RESULTS： The results showed that the spleen was positive at 12 h post inoculation （PI）, and the blood was at 14 h PI. The organism was detected in the liver and heart at 16 h PI, the pancreas was positive at 20 h PI, and the final organs to show positive results were the kidney and gallbladder at 22 h PI. The copy number of S. enteritidis DNA in each tissue reached a peak at 24-36 h PI, with the liver and spleen containing high concentrations of S. enteritidis, whereas the blood, heart, kidney, pancreas, and gallbladder had low concentrations. S. enteritidis populations began to decrease and were not detectable at 3 d PI, but were still present up to 12 d PI in the gallbladder, 2 wk for the liver, and 3 wk for the spleen without causing apparent symptoms.CONCLUSION： The results provided significant data for understanding the life cycle of S. enteritidis in the internal organs, and showed that the liver and spleen may be the primary sites for setting itself up as a commensa over a long time after oral challenge. Interestingly, it may be the first time reported that the gallbladder is a site of carriage for S. enteritidis over a 12 d period. This study will help to understand the mechanisms of action of S. enteriCdis infection in vivo.展开更多
Waste carbon residue(WCR)was efficiently detoxicated and regenerated to high-purity graphite(PGC)used in lithium-ion batteries through the constant-pressure acid leaching technique.The leaching conditions were optimiz...Waste carbon residue(WCR)was efficiently detoxicated and regenerated to high-purity graphite(PGC)used in lithium-ion batteries through the constant-pressure acid leaching technique.The leaching conditions were optimized by the combination of orthogonal and single-factor experiments.Results show that PGC with 99.5%purity is regenerated at temperature of 60℃,initial acid concentration of 12%,leaching time of 180 min,and liquid-to-solid ratio of 25:1,satisfying the requirements of commercial graphite.Meanwhile,the sodium hydroxide precipitation process was designed to recover valuable components from leachate efficiently.Ni,Co,Mn,and Al recoveries reach 96.92%,87.5%,97.83%,and 92.17%,respectively,at pH=11.Moreover,the co-product NaF can be recovered with purity over 99%via evaporative crystallization.The loss rate of fluorine is less than 0.5%,thereby eliminating the pollution risk of fluorine to the environment.The proposed process shows considerable environmental and economic benefits.展开更多
As a preliminary step in the nonlinear design of shape memory alloy（SMA） composite structures,the force-displacement characteristics of the SMA layer are studied.The bilinear hysteretic model is adopted to describe ...As a preliminary step in the nonlinear design of shape memory alloy（SMA） composite structures,the force-displacement characteristics of the SMA layer are studied.The bilinear hysteretic model is adopted to describe the constitutive relationship of SMA material.Under the assumption that there is no point of SMA layer finishing martensitic phase transformation during the loading and unloading process,the generalized restoring force generated by SMA layer is deduced for the case that the simply supported beam vibrates in its first mode.The generalized force is expressed as piecewise-nonlinear hysteretic function of the beam transverse displacement.Furthermore the energy dissipated by SMA layer during one period is obtained by integration,then its dependencies are discussed on the vibration amplitude and the SMA＇s strain（Ms-Strain） value at the beginning of martensitic phase transformation.It is shown that SMA＇s energy dissipating capacity is proportional to the stiffness difference of bilinear model and nonlinearly dependent on Ms-Strain.The increasing rate of the dissipating capacity gradually reduces with the amplitude increasing.The condition corresponding to the maximum dissipating capacity is deduced for given value of the vibration amplitude.The obtained results are helpful for designing beams laminated with shape memory alloys.展开更多
AIM: To study the therapeutic effect of rapamycin liposome eyedrops on fungal keratitis(FK) and its effect on the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1).METHODS: This study adopted the thin film dispersio...AIM: To study the therapeutic effect of rapamycin liposome eyedrops on fungal keratitis(FK) and its effect on the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1).METHODS: This study adopted the thin film dispersion method to prepare rapamycin liposomes eyedrops, as well as used the orthogonal design to analyze and study main influencing factors that affected the quality of liposomes. Totally 96 healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group(A), FK blank control group(B), FK blank liposomes control group(C), and 30 FK rapamycin liposome treatment group(D). Groups B, C, and D were first prepared as FK animal models. The corneal response was recorded in details on day 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 after modeling. Six rats were obtained and immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) were used to detect the expression of MCP-1 protein and mRNA, respectively.RESULTS: The severity of corneal lesions in the rapamycin treatment group was reduced, and the clinical score of the slit lamp examination was lower than that of Groups B and C(P<0.01). The expression of MCP-1 in rapamycin treatment group was significantly inhibited, comparing to that of groups B and C(P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Liposome is a good drug carrier for rapamycin. Rapamycin has a good therapeutic effect on FK. It can reduce FK fungal burden and significantly inhibit the expression of MCP-1 protein and mRNA.展开更多
Since the carbon neutrality target was proposed,many countries have been facing severe challenges to carbon emission reduction sustainably.This study is conducted using a tripartite evolutionary game model to explore ...Since the carbon neutrality target was proposed,many countries have been facing severe challenges to carbon emission reduction sustainably.This study is conducted using a tripartite evolutionary game model to explore the impact of the central environmental protection inspection(CEPI)on driving carbon emission reduction,and to study what factors influence the strategic choices of each party and how they interact with each other.The research results suggest that local governments and manufacturing enterprises would choose strategies that are beneficial to carbon reduction when CEPI increases.When the initial willingness of all parties increases 20%,50%—80%,the time spent for the whole system to achieve stability decreases from 100%,60%—30%.The evolutionary result of“thorough inspection,regulation implementation,low-carbon management”is the best strategy for the tripartite evolutionary game.Moreover,the smaller the cost and the larger the benefit,the greater the likelihood of the three-party game stability strategy appears.This study has important guiding significance for other developing countries to promote carbon emission reduction by environmental policy.展开更多
AIM：To study the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B p65（NF-κB p65）antisense oligodeoxynucleotide（ASODN）on transdifferentiation of normal human lens epithelial cells induced by transforming growth factor-β2（T...AIM：To study the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B p65（NF-κB p65）antisense oligodeoxynucleotide（ASODN）on transdifferentiation of normal human lens epithelial cells induced by transforming growth factor-β2（TGF-β2）.·M ETHODS：NF-κBp65ASODNand NF-κBp65missense oligodeoxynucleotide（MSODN）were designed and synthesized.Human lens epithelial cell line（HLE B-3）cells were prepared for study and divided into 7 groups.Control group was HLE B-3 cells cultured in dulbecco’s modified eagle medium（DMEM）.T1,T2,and T3 group were HLE B-3 cells cultured in DMEM with 10 ng/m L TGF-β2 for 6h,12h,24h respectively.A＋T group was HLE B-3 cells cultured with 10 ng/m L TGF-β2for 24h after transfected by NF-κB p65 ASODN for 24h.M＋T group was HLE B-3 cells cultured with 10 ng/m L TGF-β2 for 24h after transfected by NF-κB p65 MSODN for 24h.The negative control group was HLE B-3 cells cultured with 10 ng/m L TGF-β2 for 24h after cultured with transfer agent（Hi Per Fect）for 24h.Cell morphology was observed at different time points using an inverted microscope.The expression of NF-κB p65 m RNA was detected with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）,and the expression ofα-smooth muscle actin（α-SMA）protein was assayed with ELISA.·RESULTS：With the TGF-β2 stimulation prolongation,the expression of NF-κB p65 m RNA and a-SMA protein increased in T1,T2,T3 groups compared with the control group,and the difference was statistically significant（〈0.05）.NF-κB p65 ASODN lowered the expression of NF-κB p65 m RNA andα-SMA protein induced by TGF-β2.NF-κB p65 MSODN and Hi Per Fect did not lower the expression of NF-κB p65 m RNA andα-SMA protein induced by TGF-β2.The difference between control group and A＋T group was not statistically significant（〉0.05）,but the difference among A＋T group and other groups was statistically significant（〈0.05）.·CONCLUSION：NF-κB p65 ASODN could lower the expression of NF-κB p65 m RNA andα-SMA protein induced by TGF-β2,and antagonized TGF-β2-induced transdifferentiation of HLE B-3.NF-κB p65ASODN could be used as a new biological therapeutic target of posterior capsular opacification.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11904039,52125103,52071041,U21A2054 and 12104071)。
文摘SnS,a well-known van der Waals chalcogenide,is susceptible to oxidation in high-temperature or highhumidity environments,significantly impacting its functional performance and device stability.Conversely,oxidation can be used as an effective strategy for surface engineering,allowing for structure modulation or design,property tuning and application exploration.However,there is currently a gap in understanding the relationship between the oxidation behavior of SnS,the structure of its oxidized surface,and the dependence on oxidation temperature.In this study,we systematically investigated the evolution of SnS surfaces under thermal oxidation using electron microscopy.The microstructure evolution(e.g.,surface structures,phases,defects,and interface)of SnS during high-temperature oxidation has been fully characterized and studied based on cross-sectional samples.Various surface heterostructures were constructed,including SnO_(2)/SnS,SnO_(2)/SnS_(2)/SnS,and SnO_(2)/Sn_(2)S_(3)/SnS,offering significant potential for the surface functionalization of SnS-based systems.Accordingly,oxidation mechanisms at different stages were elucidated based on the detailed and clear picture of microstructures.This research not only deepens our understanding of the fundamental science of SnS oxidation but also provides valuable insights for preventing and developing surface oxidation engineering in SnS and other van der Waals chalcogenides/materials.
文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV)has a worldwide distribution and is endemic in many populations.Due to its unique life cycle which requires an error-prone reverse transcriptase for replication,it constantly evolves,resulting in tremendous genetic variation in the form of genotypes,sub-genotypes,and mutations.In recent years,there has been considerable research on the relationship between HBV genetic variation and HBV-related pathogenesis,which has profound implications in the natural history of HBV infection,viral detection,immune prevention,drug treatment and prognosis.In this review,we attempted to provide a brief account of the influence of HBV genotype on the pathogenesis of HBV infection and summarize our current knowledge on the effects of HBV mutations in different regions on HBV-associated pathogenesis,with an emphasis on mutations in the pre S/S proteins in immune evasion,occult HBV infection and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),mutations in polymerase in relation to drug resistance,mutations in HBV core and e antigen in immune evasion,chronicalization of infection and hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure,and finally mutations in HBV x proteins in HCC.
基金Supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of ChinaNo.20093420120005+1 种基金the National Science Foundation of ChinaNo.81273142
文摘Occult hepatitis B virus infection(OBI), characterized as the persistence of hepatitis B virus(HBV) surface antigen(HBs Ag) seronegativity and low viral load in blood or liver, is a special form of HBV infection. OBI may be related mainly to mutations in the HBV genome, although the underlying mechanism of it remains to be clarified. Mutations especially within the immunodominant "α" determinant of S protein are "hot spots" that could contribute to the occurrence of OBI via affecting antigenicity and immunogenicity of HBs Ag or replication and secretion of virion. Clinical reports account for a large proportion of previous studies on OBI, while functional analyses, especially those based on full-length HBV genome, are rare.
基金Supported by Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China,No.20093420120005National Science Foundation of China,No.30771907
文摘AIM:To develop models to predict hepatitis B e antigen(HBe Ag)seroconversion in response to interferon(IFN)-αtreatment in chronic hepatitis B patients.METHODS:We enrolled 147 treatment-nave HBe Agpositive chronic hepatitis B patients in China and analyzed variables after initiating IFN-α1b treatment.Patients were tested for serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),hepatitis B virus-DNA,hepatitis B surface antigen(HBs Ag),antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen,HBe Ag,antibody to hepatitis B e antigen(anti-HBe),and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen(anti-HBc)at baseline and 12 wk,24 wk,and 52 wk after initiating treatment.We performed univariate analysis to identify response predictors among the variables.Multivariate models to predict treatment response were constructed at baseline,12 wk,and 24 wk.RESULTS:At baseline,the 3 factors correlating most with HBe Ag seroconversion were serum ALT level>4×the upper limit of normal(ULN),HBe Ag≤500 S/CO,and anti-HBc>11.4 S/CO.At 12 wk,the 3 factors most associated with HBe Ag seroconversion were HBe Ag level≤250 S/CO,decline in HBe Ag>1 log10 S/CO,and anti-HBc>11.8 S/CO.At 24 wk,the 3 factors most associated with HBe Ag seroconversion were HBe Ag level≤5 S/CO,anti-HBc>11.4 S/CO,and decline in HBe Ag>2 log10 S/CO.Each variable was assigned a score of1,a score of 0 was given if patients did not have any of the 3 variables.The 3 factors most strongly correlating with HBe Ag seroconversion at each time point were used to build models to predict the outcome after IFN-αtreatment.When the score was 3,the response rates at the 3 time points were 57.7%,83.3%,and 84.0%,respectively.When the score was 0,the response rates were 2.9%,0.0%,and 2.1%,respectively.CONCLUSION:Models with good negative and positive predictive values were developed to calculate the probability of response to IFN-αtherapy.
文摘The feasibility of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology cgmbined with minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of pubic rami fractures was explored.From August 2015 to October 2017,a series of 30 patients who underwent surgical stabilization of their anterior pelvic ring (all utilizing the 3D printing technology)by one surgeon at a single hospital were studied.The minimally invasive incisions were made through anterior inferior cilia spine and pubic nodule.Data collected included the operative duration,the blood loss,the damage of the important tissue,the biographic union and therecovery of the function after the operation.Measurements on inlet and outlet pelvic cardiograph were made immediately post-operation and at all follow-up clinic visits.The scores of reduction and function were measured during follow-up.Results showed that the wounds of 30 patients were healed in the first stage,and there was no injury of important structures such as blood vessels and nerves.According to the Matta criteria,excellent effectiveness was obtained in 22 cases and good in 8 cases.According to the functional evaluation criteria of Majeed,excellent effectiveness was obtained in 21 cases and good in 9 cases.It was suggested that the 3D printing technology assisted by minimally invasive surgery can better evaluate the pelvic fracture before operation,which was helpful in plate modeling, and can shorten surgery duration and reduce intraoperative blood loss and complications. The positioning accuracy was improved,and better surgical result was finally achieved.
基金the National Key Technology R&D Program of China, No. 2004BA 901A 03National Scientific and Sechnical Support Program, No. 2007Z06-017+3 种基金The Cultvation Fund of the Key Scientific and Technical Innovation Project & Ministry of Education of China, No. 706050Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, No. NCET-04-0906/NCET-06-0818Sichuan Province Basic Research Program, No. 04JY0290061/07JY029-017Program for Key Disciplines Construction of Sichuan Province No. SZD0418
文摘AIM： To detect Salmonella enteritidis （S. enteritidis） in paraffin slices and antigen location in infected duck tissues. METHODS： The rabbits were immunized with purified bacillus to obtain S. enteritidis-specific antibody, which were then extracted by the caprylic-ammonium sulphate method, purified through High-Q columns. An indirect immuno-fluorescent staining method （IFA） was established to detect the S. enteritidis antigen in paraffin slices. Detected S. enteritidis in each organ tissue of ducklings experimentally infected with S. enteritidis. RESULTS： The gland of Garder, heart, kidney, spleen, liver, brain, ileum, jejunum, bursa of Fabricius from S. enteritidis experimentally infected ducklings were positive or strongly positive, and the S. enteritidis antigen mainly distributed in the infected cell cytoplasm.CONCLUSION： IFA is an intuitionist, sensitive and specific method in detecting S. enteritidis antigen in paraffin wax slices, and it is a good method in diagnosis and antigen location of S. enteritidis. We also conclude that the gland of Garder, heart, kidney, spleen, liver, ileum, jejunum are target organs in S. enteritidis infections of duck, and S. enteritidis is an intracellular parasitic bacterium.
基金The National Science &Technology Pillar Program, 2007Z06-017Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, NCET-04-0906/NCET-06-0818+1 种基金Sichuan Province Basic Research Program, 04JY029-006-1/04JY021-100/07JY029-017Program for Key Disciplines Construction of Sichuan Province, SZD0418
文摘AIM: To analyze the difference of intestinal microbial community diversity between healthy and (S. enteritidis) orally infected ducklings.METHODS: Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC)-PCR was applied to analyze the intestinal microbial community diversity and dynamic change including duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and rectum from healthy ducklings and 7-day-old ducklings after oral infection with S. enteritidis at different time points.RESULTS: The intestinal microbial community of the control healthy ducklings was steady and the ERIC-PCR band numbers of the control healthy ducklings were the least with rectum and were the most with caecum. ERIC-PCR bands of orally inoculated ducklings did not obviously change until 24 h after inoculation (p.i.). The numbers of the ERIC-PCR bands gradually decreased from 24 h to 72 h p.i., and then, with the development of disease, the band numbers gradually increased until 6 d p.i. The prominent bacteria changed because of S. enteritidis infection and the DNAstar of staple of ERIC-PCR showed that aerobe and facultative aerobe (Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella) became preponderant bacilli in the intestine of orally infected ducklings with SE.CONCLUSION: This study has provided significant data to clarify the intestinal microbial community diversity and dynamic change of healthy and S. enteritidis orally infected ducklings, and valuable insight into the pathogenesis of S. enteritidis infection in both human and animals.
基金National Science Foundation of China,No.81273142Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation,No.2108085MH298+3 种基金University Scientific Research Project of Anhui Provincial Education Department,No.KJ2021A0323Fund of Anhui Medical University,No.2021xkj196Clinical Medicine project of Anhui Medical University,No.2021LCXK027The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University Natural Science Foundation,No.2019GMFY02。
文摘BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is chronic,with its progression leading to liver fibrosis and end-stage cirrhosis.Although NAFLD is increasingly common,no treatment guideline has been established.Many mechanistic studies and drug trials have been conducted for new drug development to treat NAFLD.An up-to-date overview on the knowledge structure of NAFLD through bibliometrics,focusing on research hotspots,is necessary to reveal the rational and timely directions of development in this field.AIM To research the latest literature and determine the current trends in treatment for NAFLD.METHODS Publications related to treatment for NAFLD were searched on the Web of Science Core Collection database,from 2010 to 2023.VOSviewers,CiteSpace,and R package“bibliometrix”were used to conduct this bibliometric analysis.The key information was extracted,and the results of the cluster analysis were based on network data for generating and investigating maps for country,institution,journal,and author.Historiography analysis,bursts and cluster analysis,cooccurrence analysis,and trend topic revealed the knowledge structure and research hotspots in this field.GraphPad Prism 9.5.1.733 and Microsoft Office Excel 2019 were used for data analysis and visualization.RESULTS In total,10829 articles from 120 countries(led by China and the United States)and 8785 institutions were included.The number of publications related to treatment for NAFLD increased annually.While China produced the most publications,the United States was the most cited country,and the United Kingdom collaborated the most from an international standpoint.The University of California-San Diego,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,and Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine produced the most publications of all the research institutions.The International Journal of Molecular Sciences was the most frequent journal out of the 1523 total journals,and Hepatology was the most cited and co-cited journal.Sanyal AJ was the most cited author,the most co-cited author was Younossi ZM,and the most influential author was Loomba R.The most studied topics included the epidemiology and mechanism of NAFLD,the development of accurate diagnosis,the precise management of patients with NAFLD,and the associated metabolic comorbidities.The major cluster topics were“emerging drug,”“glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist,”“metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease,”“gut microbiota,”and“glucose metabolism.”CONCLUSION The bibliometric study identified recent research frontiers and hot directions,which can provide a valuable reference for scholars researching treatments for NAFLD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31372310)the Youth Fund of Orient Science and Technology College of Hunan Agricultural University(No.14QNZ09)+1 种基金the Cultivation Physiology Station of National Technical System in Rapeseed Industry(No.CARS-13)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(Nos.2012BAD15B04,2014BAC09B01-01,and 2014BAD14B01)
文摘Background： Nitrogen（N）, phosphorous（P）, and potassium（K） are critical nutrient elements necessary for crop plant growth and development. However, excessive inputs will lead to inefficient usage and cause excessive nutrient losses in the field environment, and also adversely affect the soil, water and air quality, human health, and biodiversity. Methods： Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of controlled-release fertilizer（CRF） on seed yield, plant growth, nutrient uptake, and fertilizer usage efficiency for early ripening rapeseed（Xiangzayou 1613） in the red-yellow soil of southern China during 2011–2013. It was grown using a soluble fertilizer（SF） and the same amounts of CRF, such as SF1/CRF1（3750 kg/hm^2）, SF2/CRF2（3000 kg/hm^2）, SF3/CRF3（2250 kg/hm^2）, SF4/CRF4（1500 kg/hm^2）, SF5/CRF5（750 kg/hm^2）, and also using no fertilizer（CK）. Results： CRF gave higher seed yields than SF in both seasons by 14.51%. CRF4 and SF3 in each group achieved maximum seed yield（2066.97 and 1844.50 kg/hm^2, respectively）, followed by CRF3（1929.97 kg/hm^2） and SF4（1839.40 kg/hm^2）. There were no significant differences in seed yield among CK, SF1, and CRF1（P0.05）. CRF4 had the highest profit（7126.4 CNY/hm2） and showed an increase of 12.37% in seed yield, and it decreased by 11.01% in unit fertilizer rate compared with SF4. The branch number, pod number, and dry matter weight compared with SF increased significantly under the fertilization of CRF（P0.05）. The pod number per plant was the major contributor to seed yield. On the other hand, the N, P, and K uptakes increased at first and then decreased with increasing the fertilizer rate at maturity, and the N, P, and K usage efficiency decreased with increasing the fertilizer rate. The N, P, and K uptakes and usage efficiencies of the CRF were significantly higher than those of SF（P0.05）. The N accumulation and N usage efficiency of CRF increased by an average of 13.66% and 9.74 percentage points, respectively, compared to SF. In conclusion, CRF significantly promoted the growth of rapeseed with using total N as the base fertilizer, by providing sufficient N in the later growth stages, and last by reducing the residual N in the soil and increasing the N accumulation and N usage efficiency.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program of China, No. 2004BA901A03National Scientific and Technical Support Program, No. 2007Z06-017+3 种基金The Cultivation Fund of the Key Scientific and Technical Innovation Project & Ministry of Education of China, No. 706050Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, No. NCET-04-0906/NCET-06-0818Sichuan Province Basic Research Program, No. 04JY0290061/07JY029-017Program for Key DisciplinesConstruction of Sichuan Province No. SZD0418
文摘AIM： To identify and understand the regular distribution pattern for Salmonella enteritidis （S. enteritidis） in the internal organs of mice after an oral challenge over a 3 wk period. METHODS： Assays based on the serovar-specific DNA sequence of S. enteritidis from GenBank, and a serovar-specific real-time, fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction （FQ-PCR） were developed for the detection of S. enteritidis. We used this assay to detect genomic DNA of S. enteritidis in the blood and the internal organs, including heart, liver, spleen, kidney, pancreas, and gallbladder, from mice after oral challenge at different time points respectively.RESULTS： The results showed that the spleen was positive at 12 h post inoculation （PI）, and the blood was at 14 h PI. The organism was detected in the liver and heart at 16 h PI, the pancreas was positive at 20 h PI, and the final organs to show positive results were the kidney and gallbladder at 22 h PI. The copy number of S. enteritidis DNA in each tissue reached a peak at 24-36 h PI, with the liver and spleen containing high concentrations of S. enteritidis, whereas the blood, heart, kidney, pancreas, and gallbladder had low concentrations. S. enteritidis populations began to decrease and were not detectable at 3 d PI, but were still present up to 12 d PI in the gallbladder, 2 wk for the liver, and 3 wk for the spleen without causing apparent symptoms.CONCLUSION： The results provided significant data for understanding the life cycle of S. enteritidis in the internal organs, and showed that the liver and spleen may be the primary sites for setting itself up as a commensa over a long time after oral challenge. Interestingly, it may be the first time reported that the gallbladder is a site of carriage for S. enteritidis over a 12 d period. This study will help to understand the mechanisms of action of S. enteriCdis infection in vivo.
基金the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52174338,51904349)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2021JJ30796)。
文摘Waste carbon residue(WCR)was efficiently detoxicated and regenerated to high-purity graphite(PGC)used in lithium-ion batteries through the constant-pressure acid leaching technique.The leaching conditions were optimized by the combination of orthogonal and single-factor experiments.Results show that PGC with 99.5%purity is regenerated at temperature of 60℃,initial acid concentration of 12%,leaching time of 180 min,and liquid-to-solid ratio of 25:1,satisfying the requirements of commercial graphite.Meanwhile,the sodium hydroxide precipitation process was designed to recover valuable components from leachate efficiently.Ni,Co,Mn,and Al recoveries reach 96.92%,87.5%,97.83%,and 92.17%,respectively,at pH=11.Moreover,the co-product NaF can be recovered with purity over 99%via evaporative crystallization.The loss rate of fluorine is less than 0.5%,thereby eliminating the pollution risk of fluorine to the environment.The proposed process shows considerable environmental and economic benefits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10872142 and 10632040)New Century Excellent Talents in University of China (NCET-05-0247)the Key Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (09JCZDJ26800)
文摘As a preliminary step in the nonlinear design of shape memory alloy（SMA） composite structures,the force-displacement characteristics of the SMA layer are studied.The bilinear hysteretic model is adopted to describe the constitutive relationship of SMA material.Under the assumption that there is no point of SMA layer finishing martensitic phase transformation during the loading and unloading process,the generalized restoring force generated by SMA layer is deduced for the case that the simply supported beam vibrates in its first mode.The generalized force is expressed as piecewise-nonlinear hysteretic function of the beam transverse displacement.Furthermore the energy dissipated by SMA layer during one period is obtained by integration,then its dependencies are discussed on the vibration amplitude and the SMA＇s strain（Ms-Strain） value at the beginning of martensitic phase transformation.It is shown that SMA＇s energy dissipating capacity is proportional to the stiffness difference of bilinear model and nonlinearly dependent on Ms-Strain.The increasing rate of the dissipating capacity gradually reduces with the amplitude increasing.The condition corresponding to the maximum dissipating capacity is deduced for given value of the vibration amplitude.The obtained results are helpful for designing beams laminated with shape memory alloys.
文摘AIM: To study the therapeutic effect of rapamycin liposome eyedrops on fungal keratitis(FK) and its effect on the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1).METHODS: This study adopted the thin film dispersion method to prepare rapamycin liposomes eyedrops, as well as used the orthogonal design to analyze and study main influencing factors that affected the quality of liposomes. Totally 96 healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group(A), FK blank control group(B), FK blank liposomes control group(C), and 30 FK rapamycin liposome treatment group(D). Groups B, C, and D were first prepared as FK animal models. The corneal response was recorded in details on day 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 after modeling. Six rats were obtained and immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) were used to detect the expression of MCP-1 protein and mRNA, respectively.RESULTS: The severity of corneal lesions in the rapamycin treatment group was reduced, and the clinical score of the slit lamp examination was lower than that of Groups B and C(P<0.01). The expression of MCP-1 in rapamycin treatment group was significantly inhibited, comparing to that of groups B and C(P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Liposome is a good drug carrier for rapamycin. Rapamycin has a good therapeutic effect on FK. It can reduce FK fungal burden and significantly inhibit the expression of MCP-1 protein and mRNA.
基金the financial support from the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(2022M720131)Spring Sunshine Collaborative Research Project of the Ministry of Education(202201660)+3 种基金Youth Project of Gansu Natural Science Foundation(22JR5RA542)General Project of Gansu Philosophy and Social Science Foundation(2022YB014)National Natural Science Foundation of China(72034003,72243006,and 71874074)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023lzdxjbkyzx008,lzujbky-2021-sp72)。
文摘Since the carbon neutrality target was proposed,many countries have been facing severe challenges to carbon emission reduction sustainably.This study is conducted using a tripartite evolutionary game model to explore the impact of the central environmental protection inspection(CEPI)on driving carbon emission reduction,and to study what factors influence the strategic choices of each party and how they interact with each other.The research results suggest that local governments and manufacturing enterprises would choose strategies that are beneficial to carbon reduction when CEPI increases.When the initial willingness of all parties increases 20%,50%—80%,the time spent for the whole system to achieve stability decreases from 100%,60%—30%.The evolutionary result of“thorough inspection,regulation implementation,low-carbon management”is the best strategy for the tripartite evolutionary game.Moreover,the smaller the cost and the larger the benefit,the greater the likelihood of the three-party game stability strategy appears.This study has important guiding significance for other developing countries to promote carbon emission reduction by environmental policy.
基金Supported by the Outstanding Young Medical Personnel of Qingdao City
文摘AIM：To study the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B p65（NF-κB p65）antisense oligodeoxynucleotide（ASODN）on transdifferentiation of normal human lens epithelial cells induced by transforming growth factor-β2（TGF-β2）.·M ETHODS：NF-κBp65ASODNand NF-κBp65missense oligodeoxynucleotide（MSODN）were designed and synthesized.Human lens epithelial cell line（HLE B-3）cells were prepared for study and divided into 7 groups.Control group was HLE B-3 cells cultured in dulbecco’s modified eagle medium（DMEM）.T1,T2,and T3 group were HLE B-3 cells cultured in DMEM with 10 ng/m L TGF-β2 for 6h,12h,24h respectively.A＋T group was HLE B-3 cells cultured with 10 ng/m L TGF-β2for 24h after transfected by NF-κB p65 ASODN for 24h.M＋T group was HLE B-3 cells cultured with 10 ng/m L TGF-β2 for 24h after transfected by NF-κB p65 MSODN for 24h.The negative control group was HLE B-3 cells cultured with 10 ng/m L TGF-β2 for 24h after cultured with transfer agent（Hi Per Fect）for 24h.Cell morphology was observed at different time points using an inverted microscope.The expression of NF-κB p65 m RNA was detected with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）,and the expression ofα-smooth muscle actin（α-SMA）protein was assayed with ELISA.·RESULTS：With the TGF-β2 stimulation prolongation,the expression of NF-κB p65 m RNA and a-SMA protein increased in T1,T2,T3 groups compared with the control group,and the difference was statistically significant（〈0.05）.NF-κB p65 ASODN lowered the expression of NF-κB p65 m RNA andα-SMA protein induced by TGF-β2.NF-κB p65 MSODN and Hi Per Fect did not lower the expression of NF-κB p65 m RNA andα-SMA protein induced by TGF-β2.The difference between control group and A＋T group was not statistically significant（〉0.05）,but the difference among A＋T group and other groups was statistically significant（〈0.05）.·CONCLUSION：NF-κB p65 ASODN could lower the expression of NF-κB p65 m RNA andα-SMA protein induced by TGF-β2,and antagonized TGF-β2-induced transdifferentiation of HLE B-3.NF-κB p65ASODN could be used as a new biological therapeutic target of posterior capsular opacification.
