Background:Wenqing Yin(WQY)is a classic prescription used to treat skin diseases like atopic dermatitis(AD)in China,and the aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of WQY o...Background:Wenqing Yin(WQY)is a classic prescription used to treat skin diseases like atopic dermatitis(AD)in China,and the aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of WQY on AD.Methods:The DNFB-induced mouse models of AD were established to investigate the therapeutic effects of WQY on AD.The symptoms of AD in the ears and backs of the mice were assessed,while inflammatory factors in the ear were quantified using quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),and the percentages of CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)cells in the spleen were analyzed through flow cytometry.The compounds in WQY were identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)analysis and the key targets and pathways of WQY to treat AD were predicted by network pharmacology.Subsequently,the key genes were tested and verified by qRT-PCR,and the potential active components and target proteins were verified by molecular docking.Results:WQY relieved the AD symptoms and histopathological injuries in the ear and back skin of mice with AD.Meanwhile,WQY significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-1βin ear tissue,as well as the ratio of CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)cells in spleen.Additionally,a total of 142 compounds were identified from the water extract of WQY by UPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS.39 key targets related to AD were screened out by network pharmacology methods.The KEGG analysis indicated that the effects of WQY were primarily mediated through pathways associated with Toll-like receptor signaling and T cell receptor signaling.Moreover,the results of qRT-PCR demonstrated that WQY significantly reduced the mRNA expressions of IL-4,IL-10,GATA3 and FOXP3,and molecular docking simulation verified that the active components of WQY had excellent binding abilities with IL-4,IL-10,GATA3 and FOXP3 proteins.Conclusion:The present study demonstrated that WQY effectively relieved AD symptoms in mice,decreased the inflammatory factors levels,regulated the balance of CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)cells,and the mechanism may be associated with the suppression of Th2 and Treg cell immune responses.展开更多
Cold atmospheric plasma jet is widely used in many fields due to the reactive oxygen species and low temperature for heat-sensitive products. This paper presents the inactivation of bacteria via a pulsed plasma jet wi...Cold atmospheric plasma jet is widely used in many fields due to the reactive oxygen species and low temperature for heat-sensitive products. This paper presents the inactivation of bacteria via a pulsed plasma jet with He/O2 mixed gas. To evaluate the disinfection performance, Staphylococcus aureus was used as an indicator bacteria for experiments. When the plasma jet dealt with agar plates spraying bacteria, it was found that mixed gas has a better performance than pure inert gas, indicated by the disinfection area. The increment of oxygen gas addition was beneficial to the disinfection ability of the plasma jet, while the gas had an opposite effect on the length of jet production. The experiments showed the efficacy of Staphylococcus aureus disinfection could reach up to 99.47% via a helium/oxygen （2%） plasma jet.展开更多
The development of stretchable conductors with high deformation,conductivity,and thermal conductivity using liquid metal(LM)has sparked widespread interest in the fields of flexible electronics,electromagnetic interfe...The development of stretchable conductors with high deformation,conductivity,and thermal conductivity using liquid metal(LM)has sparked widespread interest in the fields of flexible electronics,electromagnetic interference(EMI),and multifunctional materi-als.However,fabricating desirable shielding materials by directly coating LMs on soft polymer substrates remains a challenge because of the huge surface tension and weak wettability of LMs.In this study,Ga-based composite paste is prepared from a mixture of Ga and dia-mond nonmetallic particles through ultrasonic fragmentation.At various temperatures,the resulting LM composite putty(LMP)exhibits soft and hard properties and can thus be molded into specific shapes according to application needs.In addition,the composite can be eas-ily coated onto polymer substrates,such as thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)elastomer.The fabricated LMP–TPU exhibits an impress-ive shape deformation capacity of 1100%,demonstrating exceptional tensile properties and achieving electromagnetic interference–shielding effectiveness of up to 52 dB.Furthermore,it retains an ultrahigh conductivity of 20000 S/m,even under a strain of 600%.This feature further makes it a highly competitive multifunctional material.展开更多
Prodrugs need to be converted to active drugs to exert their pharmacological activities.Identifying the direct targets of active drugs is essential to elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms of prodrugs,but remains c...Prodrugs need to be converted to active drugs to exert their pharmacological activities.Identifying the direct targets of active drugs is essential to elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms of prodrugs,but remains challenging,especially for active drugs with low stability.展开更多
The nascent polypeptide-associated complex(NAC)plays crucial roles in various biological functions in eukaryotes and has been extensively studied in animals and plants;however,its role in the biocontrol mechanisms of ...The nascent polypeptide-associated complex(NAC)plays crucial roles in various biological functions in eukaryotes and has been extensively studied in animals and plants;however,its role in the biocontrol mechanisms of microorganisms requires further investigation.This study examined the function of TbNACα,a NAC subunit,in the biocontrol activity of Trichoderma breve T069 against Sclerotium rolfsii.Following deletion of the TbNACα gene from T.breve T069,the ΔTbNACα mutant exhibited significantly reduced mycelial growth,spore production,and spore germination.While volatile substances from ΔTbNACα showed no significant effect on S.rolfsii,non-volatile substances demonstrated significant inhibition of S.rolfsii growth.Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed 3,398 differentially expressed genes in the ΔTbNACα mutant compared to wild-type T069,primarily regulating genes associated with secondary metabolite biosynthetic enzymes,hydrolases,and membrane transport proteins.Untargeted metabolomics identified 50 upregulated metabolites(27 in positive ion mode and 23 in negative ion mode)in crude extracts from ΔTbNACα mutant metabolite broth.Among these metabolic substances,ethyl caffeate demonstrated the strongest activity against S.rolfsii,with an EC_(50) of 107.15μg mL^(-1).Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)analysis indicated significant upregulation of genes involved in the ethyl caffeate synthesis pathway in ΔTbNACα strains.This research establishes the negative regulation of ethyl caffeate synthesis and elucidates the antagonistic inhibition mechanism of TbNACα in T.breve T069.展开更多
Solar flares are one of the strongest outbursts of solar activity,posing a serious threat to Earth’s critical infrastructure,such as communications,navigation,power,and aviation.Therefore,it is essential to accuratel...Solar flares are one of the strongest outbursts of solar activity,posing a serious threat to Earth’s critical infrastructure,such as communications,navigation,power,and aviation.Therefore,it is essential to accurately predict solar flares in order to ensure the safety of human activities.Currently,the research focuses on two directions:first,identifying predictors with more physical information and higher prediction accuracy,and second,building flare prediction models that can effectively handle complex observational data.In terms of flare observability and predictability,this paper analyses multiple dimensions of solar flare observability and evaluates the potential of observational parameters in prediction.In flare prediction models,the paper focuses on data-driven models and physical models,with an emphasis on the advantages of deep learning techniques in dealing with complex and high-dimensional data.By reviewing existing traditional machine learning,deep learning,and fusion methods,the key roles of these techniques in improving prediction accuracy and efficiency are revealed.Regarding prevailing challenges,this study discusses the main challenges currently faced in solar flare prediction,such as the complexity of flare samples,the multimodality of observational data,and the interpretability of models.The conclusion summarizes these findings and proposes future research directions and potential technology advancement.展开更多
This paper investigated and analyzed the conservation and utilization of four local livestock breeds in Binzhou City:Wadi Sheep,Bohai Black Cattle,Wudi Donkey,and Lubei White Goat.Shortcomings in the protection and ut...This paper investigated and analyzed the conservation and utilization of four local livestock breeds in Binzhou City:Wadi Sheep,Bohai Black Cattle,Wudi Donkey,and Lubei White Goat.Shortcomings in the protection and utilization of local germplasm resources were pointed out,and strategies and recommendations were proposed to promote high-quality development of livestock and poultry genetic resources in Binzhou,including building a solid germplasm foundation,standardizing production,and driving innovation.This paper provides references for the conservation,development,and utilization of local genetic resources in Binzhou City.展开更多
Background Chronic heat stress(CHS)is a detrimental environmental stressor with a negative impact on the meat quality of broilers.However,the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.This study investigates the ...Background Chronic heat stress(CHS)is a detrimental environmental stressor with a negative impact on the meat quality of broilers.However,the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.This study investigates the effects of CHS on long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)expression and muscle injury in broilers,with a focus on its implications for meat quality.Results The results showed that CHS diminished breast muscle yield,elevated abdominal fat deposition,induced cellular apoptosis(P<0.05),and caused myofibrosis.Transcriptomic analysis revealed 151 differentially expressed(DE)lncRNAs when comparing the normal control(NC)and HS groups,214 DE lncRNAs when comparing the HS and PF groups,and 79 DE lncRNAs when comparing the NC and pair-fed(PF)groups.After eliminating the confounding effect of feed intake,68 lncRNAs were identified,primarily associated with cellular growth and death,signal transduc-tion,and metabolic regulation.Notably,the apoptosis-related pathway P53,lysosomes,and the fibrosis-related gene TGF-β2 were significantly upregulated by lncRNAs.Conclusions These findings indicate that chronic heat stress induces cellular apoptosis and muscle injury through lncRNA,leading to connective tissue accumulation,which likely contributes to reduced breast muscle yield and meat quality in broilers.展开更多
In response to the increasing demand of ethylene,electrochemical ethane nonoxidative dehydrogenation(EENDH)to ethylene by protonic ceramic electrolysis cells(PCECs)is developed.However,existing anode materials exhibit...In response to the increasing demand of ethylene,electrochemical ethane nonoxidative dehydrogenation(EENDH)to ethylene by protonic ceramic electrolysis cells(PCECs)is developed.However,existing anode materials exhibit poor proton conductivity and limited catalytic activity.Herein,a novel Sr_(1.95)Fe_(1.4)Co_(0.1)Mo_(0.4)Zr_(0.1)O_(6-δ)(SFCMZ)anode is prepared as PCECs anode for EENDH.Zr doping increases the oxygen vacancies and enhances the proton conductivity of SFCMZ.Moreover,an alloy-oxide heterostructure(Co Fe@SFCMZ)is formed through in-situ exsolution of Co Fe alloy nanoparticles under reduction conditions,generating abundant oxygen vacancies and improving its catalytic activity.Co Fe@SFCMZ cell achieves an electrolysis current density of 0.87 A/cm^(2) at 700℃ under 1.6 V,with an ethane conversion rate of 34.22%and corresponding ethylene selectivity of 93.4%.These results demonstrate that Co Fe@SFCMZ anode exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity,suggesting promising applications for EENDH.展开更多
Harvesting the immense and renewable osmotic energy with reverse electrodialysis(RED)technology shows great promise in dealing with the ever-growing energy crisis.One key challenge is to improve the output power densi...Harvesting the immense and renewable osmotic energy with reverse electrodialysis(RED)technology shows great promise in dealing with the ever-growing energy crisis.One key challenge is to improve the output power density with improved trade-off between membrane permeability and selectivity.Herein,polyelectrolyte hydrogels(channel width,2.2 nm)with inherent high ion conductivity have been demonstrated to enable excellent selective ion transfer when confined in cylindrical anodized aluminum pore with lateral size even up to the submillimeter scale(radius,0.1 mm).The membrane permeability of the anti-swelling hydrogel can also be further increased with cellulose nanofibers.With real seawater and river water,the output power density of a three-chamber cell on behalf of repeat unit of RED system can reach up to 8.99 W m^(-2)(per unit total membrane area),much better than state-of-the-art membranes.This work provides a new strategy for the preparation of polyelectrolyte hydrogel-based ion-selective membranes,owning broad application prospects in the fields of osmotic energy collection,electrodialysis,flow battery and so on.展开更多
BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis(LC)affect millions of people worldwide.The pathogenesis of cirrhosis involves complex interactions between immune responses and gut microbiota.Recent studies have highlighted the role of the...BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis(LC)affect millions of people worldwide.The pathogenesis of cirrhosis involves complex interactions between immune responses and gut microbiota.Recent studies have highlighted the role of the interleukin-36(IL-36)subfamily in inflammation and immune regulation.However,the relationship between serum IL-36 subfamily levels and gut microbiota in cirrhosis patients remains unclear.This study aimed to explore the clinical significance of serum IL-36 subfamily levels and their association with gut microbiota in cirrhosis patients.AIM To explore the clinical significance of serum IL-36 subfamily levels and their relationship with gut microbiota among cirrhosis patients.METHODS Sixty-one cirrhosis patients were enrolled from Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University from May 2022 to November 2023 as the LC group and 29 healthy volunteers as the healthy control(HC)group.The serum expressions of IL-36α,IL-36β, IL-36γ, IL-36Ra, and IL-38 were measured through ELISA, while 16S rRNA gene sequencing was employed torate microbial community in human fecal samples.RESULTSThe serum levels of IL-36α, IL-36γ, IL-36Ra, and IL-38 in the LC group remarkably exceeded those in the HC group(P < 0.05). IL-36α, IL-36γ, and IL-38 were related positively to the Child-Pugh score (P < 0.05) and prominentlyexceeded those in the Child-Pugh C group (P < 0.05). The absolute abundance of harmful bacteria (Bacteroides,Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium) remarkably rose, while the beneficial bacteria (Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella) notably decreased in the LC group (P < 0.05). IL-36α, IL-36γ, and IL-38 related positively to Lactobacillus(P < 0.05), while IL-38 negatively related to Fusicatenibacter (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONIL-36γ and IL-38 show promise as potential biomarkers for LC progression, but further validation is required.展开更多
Stable electrical and electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding performance is crucial for the develop-ment of the new generation of flexible electronic devices,but maintaining stability under strain remains a challe...Stable electrical and electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding performance is crucial for the develop-ment of the new generation of flexible electronic devices,but maintaining stability under strain remains a challenge.This study presents the development of a composite elastomer utilizing eutectic gallium indium(EGaIn),characterized by its high flexibility in circuit design,excellent conductivity,minimal re-sistance variation,and consistent EMI shielding effectiveness under high strain conditions.The composite is engineered through the deposition of EGaln particles within the lower layer of polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS),followed by the self-encapsulation of the upper PDMS layer.The robust electrical and EMI shield-ing properties of the PDMS/EGaIn composite elastomers under strain can be attributed to the internally formed defect-free liquid metal(LM)network.Furthermore,the composite elastomer's versatile circuit inscription capability on its surface,coupled with its resistance independence from the stress direction,underscores its functional versatility in electronic applications.Elastomers with exceptional stretch and strength hold great promise for applications in combat robotics and aerospace apparel.This biomimetic elastomer exhibits vast potential across diverse domains,including flexible electronics,flexible electro-magnetic concealment,and aerospace technologies.展开更多
Tooth cracks may occur in spiral bevel gear transmission system of the aerospace equipment.In this study,an accurate and efficient loaded tooth contact analysis(LTCA)model is developed to predict the contact behavior ...Tooth cracks may occur in spiral bevel gear transmission system of the aerospace equipment.In this study,an accurate and efficient loaded tooth contact analysis(LTCA)model is developed to predict the contact behavior and time-varying meshing stiffness(TVMS)of spiral bevel gear pair with cracked tooth.The tooth is sliced,and the contact points on slices are computed using roll angle surfaces.Considering the geometric complexity of crack surface,a set of procedures is formulated to generate spatial crack and determine crack parameters for contact points.According to the positional relationship between contact point and crack path,each sliced tooth is modeled as a non-uniform cantilever beam with varying reduced effective load-bearing tooth thickness.Then the compliance model of the cracked tooth is established to perform contact analysis,along with TVMS calculations utilizing three different models.By employing spiral bevel gear pairs with distinct types of cracks as examples,the accuracy and efficiency of the developed approach are validated via comparative analyses with finite element analysis(FEA)outcomes.Furthermore,the investigation on effects of cracks shows that tooth cracks can induce alterations in meshing performance of both entire gear pair and individual tooth pairs,including not only cracked tooth pair but also adjacent non-cracked tooth pairs.Hence,the proposed model can serve as a useful tool for analyzing the variations in contact behavior and meshing stiffness of spiral bevel gears due to different cracks.展开更多
Objective:A risk-based sequential screening strategy,from questionnaire-based assessment to biomarker measurement and then to endoscopic examination,has the potential to enhance gastric cancer(GC)screening efficiency....Objective:A risk-based sequential screening strategy,from questionnaire-based assessment to biomarker measurement and then to endoscopic examination,has the potential to enhance gastric cancer(GC)screening efficiency.We aimed to evaluate the ability of five common stomach-specific serum biomarkers to further enrich high-risk individuals for GC in the questionnaire-identified high-risk population.Methods:This study was conducted based on a risk-based screening program in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China.We first performed questionnaire assessment involving 23,381 individuals(7,042 outpatients and 16,339 individuals from the community),and those assessed as“high-risk”were then invited to participate in serological assays and endoscopic examinations.The serological biomarker model was derived based on logistic regression,with predictors selected via the Akaike information criterion.Model performance was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC).Results:A total of 2,011 participants were ultimately included for analysis.The final serological biomarker model had three predictors,comprising pepsinogenⅠ(PGI),pepsinogenⅠ/Ⅱratio(PGR),and anti-Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G(anti-H.pylori IgG)antibodies.This model generated an AUC of 0.733(95%confidence interval:0.655-0.812)and demonstrated the best discriminative ability compared with previously developed serological biomarker models.As the risk cut-off value of our model rose,the detection rate increased and the number of endoscopies needed to detect one case decreased.Conclusions:PGI,PGR,and anti-H.pylori Ig G could be jointly used to further enrich high-risk individuals for GC among those selected by questionnaire assessment,providing insight for the development of a multi-stage riskbased sequential strategy for GC screening.展开更多
Objective:To confirm the therapeutic efficacy of the ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 on ischemic stroke and elucidate its underlying mechanism.Methods:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups:sham,model,an...Objective:To confirm the therapeutic efficacy of the ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 on ischemic stroke and elucidate its underlying mechanism.Methods:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups:sham,model,and EGb761(ginkgo biloba extract).Ischemic stroke was then simulated in rats via embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery,with the extract administered half an hour before surgery.Neurological deficit scores,infarct volume,cerebral edema rate,and inflammatory factors served as the primary metrics for drug efficacy.Serum metabolites were analyzed using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance to elucidate the operative mechanism.Results:Treatment with the ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 significantly ameliorated the neurological deficit scores(P=.0343),diminished the cerebral infarct volume(P=.0001)and cerebral edema rate(P=.0030),and alleviated neuroinflammation(all P<.05)in middle cerebral artery occlusion rats.In addition,it significantly altered the contents of various metabolites,such as 2-hydroxybutyrate,isoleucine,isopropanol,isobutyric acid,N6-acetyllysine,glutamate,glutamine,methionine,and N,Ndimethylglycine(all P<.05).Enrichment analysis of the differential metabolites indicated that EGb761 may be involved in the regulation of amino acid metabolism,betaine metabolism,glucose-alanine cycle,Warburg effect,and urea cycle.Conclusion:The ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 demonstrates anti-ischemic stroke effect on ischemic stroke model rats by regulating amino acids and amino acid derivatives,such as isoleucine,N6-acetyllysine,glutamate,methionine,and N,N-dimethylglycine.展开更多
Functional dyspepsia(FD),characterized by persistent or recurrent dyspeptic symptoms without identifiable organic,systemic or metabolic causes,is an increasingly recognized global health issue.The objective of this gu...Functional dyspepsia(FD),characterized by persistent or recurrent dyspeptic symptoms without identifiable organic,systemic or metabolic causes,is an increasingly recognized global health issue.The objective of this guideline is to equip clinicians and nursing professionals with evidence-based strategies for the management and treatment of adult patients with FD using traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).The Guideline Development Group consulted existing TCM consensus documents on FD and convened a panel of 35 clinicians to generate initial clinical queries.To address these queries,a systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed,EMBASE,the Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP Database,China Biology Medicine(SinoMed)Database,Wanfang Database,Traditional Medicine Research Data Expanded(TMRDE),and the Traditional Chinese Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System(TCMLARS).The evidence from the literature was critically appraised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)approach.The strength of the recommendations was ascertained through a consensus-building process involving TCM and allopathic medicine experts,methodologists,pharmacologists,nursing specialists,and health economists,leveraging their collective expertise and empirical knowledge.The guideline comprises a total of 43 evidence-informed recommendations that span a range of clinical aspects,including the pathogenesis according to TCM,diagnostic approaches,therapeutic interventions,efficacy assessments,and prognostic considerations.展开更多
Herein, the authors review the self-regulation system secured by well-designed hybrid materials, composites, and complex system. As a broad concept, the self-regulated material/system has been defined in a wide resear...Herein, the authors review the self-regulation system secured by well-designed hybrid materials, composites, and complex system. As a broad concept, the self-regulated material/system has been defined in a wide research field and proven to be of great interest for use in a biomedical system, mechanical system, physical system, as the fact of something such as an organisation regulating itself without intervention from external perturbation. Here, they focus on the most recent discoveries of self-regulation phenomenon and progress in utilising the self-regulation design. This paper concludes by examining various practical applications of the remarkable materials and systems including manipulation of the oil/water interface, cell out-layer structure, radical activity, electron energy level, and mechanical structure of nanomaterials. From material science to bioengineering, self-regulation proves to be not only viable, but increasingly useful in many applications. As part of intelligent engineering, self-regulatory materials are expected to be more used as integrated intelligent components.展开更多
In this paper, we proposed a metric to measure the shift invariance of the three different contourlet transforms. And then, using the same structure texture image retrieval system which use subband coefficients energy...In this paper, we proposed a metric to measure the shift invariance of the three different contourlet transforms. And then, using the same structure texture image retrieval system which use subband coefficients energy, standard deviation and kurtosis features with Canberra distance, we gave a comparison of their texture description abilities. Experimental results show that contourlet-2.3 texture image retrieval system has almost retrieval rates with non-sub sampled contourlet system;the two systems have better retrieval results than the original contourlet retrieval system. On the other hand, for the relatively lower redundancy, we recommend using contourlet- 2.3 as texture description transform.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82004252)the Project of Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangdong Province(202405112017596500)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(202102020533).
文摘Background:Wenqing Yin(WQY)is a classic prescription used to treat skin diseases like atopic dermatitis(AD)in China,and the aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of WQY on AD.Methods:The DNFB-induced mouse models of AD were established to investigate the therapeutic effects of WQY on AD.The symptoms of AD in the ears and backs of the mice were assessed,while inflammatory factors in the ear were quantified using quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),and the percentages of CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)cells in the spleen were analyzed through flow cytometry.The compounds in WQY were identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)analysis and the key targets and pathways of WQY to treat AD were predicted by network pharmacology.Subsequently,the key genes were tested and verified by qRT-PCR,and the potential active components and target proteins were verified by molecular docking.Results:WQY relieved the AD symptoms and histopathological injuries in the ear and back skin of mice with AD.Meanwhile,WQY significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-1βin ear tissue,as well as the ratio of CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)cells in spleen.Additionally,a total of 142 compounds were identified from the water extract of WQY by UPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS.39 key targets related to AD were screened out by network pharmacology methods.The KEGG analysis indicated that the effects of WQY were primarily mediated through pathways associated with Toll-like receptor signaling and T cell receptor signaling.Moreover,the results of qRT-PCR demonstrated that WQY significantly reduced the mRNA expressions of IL-4,IL-10,GATA3 and FOXP3,and molecular docking simulation verified that the active components of WQY had excellent binding abilities with IL-4,IL-10,GATA3 and FOXP3 proteins.Conclusion:The present study demonstrated that WQY effectively relieved AD symptoms in mice,decreased the inflammatory factors levels,regulated the balance of CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)cells,and the mechanism may be associated with the suppression of Th2 and Treg cell immune responses.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51377145)the Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province China (Nos. 2015F10011 and 2014C33022)
文摘Cold atmospheric plasma jet is widely used in many fields due to the reactive oxygen species and low temperature for heat-sensitive products. This paper presents the inactivation of bacteria via a pulsed plasma jet with He/O2 mixed gas. To evaluate the disinfection performance, Staphylococcus aureus was used as an indicator bacteria for experiments. When the plasma jet dealt with agar plates spraying bacteria, it was found that mixed gas has a better performance than pure inert gas, indicated by the disinfection area. The increment of oxygen gas addition was beneficial to the disinfection ability of the plasma jet, while the gas had an opposite effect on the length of jet production. The experiments showed the efficacy of Staphylococcus aureus disinfection could reach up to 99.47% via a helium/oxygen （2%） plasma jet.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52271167 and U21A2064)the Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,China(No.242300421188)+1 种基金ZUA Innovation Fund for Graduate Education,China(No.2024CX134)Henan Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Material and Technology Open Foundation,China(No.ZHKF-240103).
文摘The development of stretchable conductors with high deformation,conductivity,and thermal conductivity using liquid metal(LM)has sparked widespread interest in the fields of flexible electronics,electromagnetic interference(EMI),and multifunctional materi-als.However,fabricating desirable shielding materials by directly coating LMs on soft polymer substrates remains a challenge because of the huge surface tension and weak wettability of LMs.In this study,Ga-based composite paste is prepared from a mixture of Ga and dia-mond nonmetallic particles through ultrasonic fragmentation.At various temperatures,the resulting LM composite putty(LMP)exhibits soft and hard properties and can thus be molded into specific shapes according to application needs.In addition,the composite can be eas-ily coated onto polymer substrates,such as thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)elastomer.The fabricated LMP–TPU exhibits an impress-ive shape deformation capacity of 1100%,demonstrating exceptional tensile properties and achieving electromagnetic interference–shielding effectiveness of up to 52 dB.Furthermore,it retains an ultrahigh conductivity of 20000 S/m,even under a strain of 600%.This feature further makes it a highly competitive multifunctional material.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:U21A20407 and 81973467).
文摘Prodrugs need to be converted to active drugs to exert their pharmacological activities.Identifying the direct targets of active drugs is essential to elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms of prodrugs,but remains challenging,especially for active drugs with low stability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060589).
文摘The nascent polypeptide-associated complex(NAC)plays crucial roles in various biological functions in eukaryotes and has been extensively studied in animals and plants;however,its role in the biocontrol mechanisms of microorganisms requires further investigation.This study examined the function of TbNACα,a NAC subunit,in the biocontrol activity of Trichoderma breve T069 against Sclerotium rolfsii.Following deletion of the TbNACα gene from T.breve T069,the ΔTbNACα mutant exhibited significantly reduced mycelial growth,spore production,and spore germination.While volatile substances from ΔTbNACα showed no significant effect on S.rolfsii,non-volatile substances demonstrated significant inhibition of S.rolfsii growth.Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed 3,398 differentially expressed genes in the ΔTbNACα mutant compared to wild-type T069,primarily regulating genes associated with secondary metabolite biosynthetic enzymes,hydrolases,and membrane transport proteins.Untargeted metabolomics identified 50 upregulated metabolites(27 in positive ion mode and 23 in negative ion mode)in crude extracts from ΔTbNACα mutant metabolite broth.Among these metabolic substances,ethyl caffeate demonstrated the strongest activity against S.rolfsii,with an EC_(50) of 107.15μg mL^(-1).Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)analysis indicated significant upregulation of genes involved in the ethyl caffeate synthesis pathway in ΔTbNACα strains.This research establishes the negative regulation of ethyl caffeate synthesis and elucidates the antagonistic inhibition mechanism of TbNACα in T.breve T069.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant No.2022YFF0503600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,grant No.42130202).
文摘Solar flares are one of the strongest outbursts of solar activity,posing a serious threat to Earth’s critical infrastructure,such as communications,navigation,power,and aviation.Therefore,it is essential to accurately predict solar flares in order to ensure the safety of human activities.Currently,the research focuses on two directions:first,identifying predictors with more physical information and higher prediction accuracy,and second,building flare prediction models that can effectively handle complex observational data.In terms of flare observability and predictability,this paper analyses multiple dimensions of solar flare observability and evaluates the potential of observational parameters in prediction.In flare prediction models,the paper focuses on data-driven models and physical models,with an emphasis on the advantages of deep learning techniques in dealing with complex and high-dimensional data.By reviewing existing traditional machine learning,deep learning,and fusion methods,the key roles of these techniques in improving prediction accuracy and efficiency are revealed.Regarding prevailing challenges,this study discusses the main challenges currently faced in solar flare prediction,such as the complexity of flare samples,the multimodality of observational data,and the interpretability of models.The conclusion summarizes these findings and proposes future research directions and potential technology advancement.
基金Supported by Binzhou Social Sciences Planning Project in 2024(24-SKGH-051)Binzhou Comprehensive Experimental Station Project of Shandong Provincial Forage Industry Technology System(SDAIT-23-10).
文摘This paper investigated and analyzed the conservation and utilization of four local livestock breeds in Binzhou City:Wadi Sheep,Bohai Black Cattle,Wudi Donkey,and Lubei White Goat.Shortcomings in the protection and utilization of local germplasm resources were pointed out,and strategies and recommendations were proposed to promote high-quality development of livestock and poultry genetic resources in Binzhou,including building a solid germplasm foundation,standardizing production,and driving innovation.This paper provides references for the conservation,development,and utilization of local genetic resources in Binzhou City.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072780,31872374)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0500501,2018YFD0500405)Earmarked Fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System(JATS[2024]).
文摘Background Chronic heat stress(CHS)is a detrimental environmental stressor with a negative impact on the meat quality of broilers.However,the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.This study investigates the effects of CHS on long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)expression and muscle injury in broilers,with a focus on its implications for meat quality.Results The results showed that CHS diminished breast muscle yield,elevated abdominal fat deposition,induced cellular apoptosis(P<0.05),and caused myofibrosis.Transcriptomic analysis revealed 151 differentially expressed(DE)lncRNAs when comparing the normal control(NC)and HS groups,214 DE lncRNAs when comparing the HS and PF groups,and 79 DE lncRNAs when comparing the NC and pair-fed(PF)groups.After eliminating the confounding effect of feed intake,68 lncRNAs were identified,primarily associated with cellular growth and death,signal transduc-tion,and metabolic regulation.Notably,the apoptosis-related pathway P53,lysosomes,and the fibrosis-related gene TGF-β2 were significantly upregulated by lncRNAs.Conclusions These findings indicate that chronic heat stress induces cellular apoptosis and muscle injury through lncRNA,leading to connective tissue accumulation,which likely contributes to reduced breast muscle yield and meat quality in broilers.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272190 and 22178023)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB4001401)。
文摘In response to the increasing demand of ethylene,electrochemical ethane nonoxidative dehydrogenation(EENDH)to ethylene by protonic ceramic electrolysis cells(PCECs)is developed.However,existing anode materials exhibit poor proton conductivity and limited catalytic activity.Herein,a novel Sr_(1.95)Fe_(1.4)Co_(0.1)Mo_(0.4)Zr_(0.1)O_(6-δ)(SFCMZ)anode is prepared as PCECs anode for EENDH.Zr doping increases the oxygen vacancies and enhances the proton conductivity of SFCMZ.Moreover,an alloy-oxide heterostructure(Co Fe@SFCMZ)is formed through in-situ exsolution of Co Fe alloy nanoparticles under reduction conditions,generating abundant oxygen vacancies and improving its catalytic activity.Co Fe@SFCMZ cell achieves an electrolysis current density of 0.87 A/cm^(2) at 700℃ under 1.6 V,with an ethane conversion rate of 34.22%and corresponding ethylene selectivity of 93.4%.These results demonstrate that Co Fe@SFCMZ anode exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity,suggesting promising applications for EENDH.
基金supported by The Project of“20 Items of University”of Jinan(Grant No.202228078)Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Shandong Province(Grant No.2023KJ107)+2 种基金Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn201812085)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51903102,Grant No.52376063,Grant No.52302256)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023MD744223).
文摘Harvesting the immense and renewable osmotic energy with reverse electrodialysis(RED)technology shows great promise in dealing with the ever-growing energy crisis.One key challenge is to improve the output power density with improved trade-off between membrane permeability and selectivity.Herein,polyelectrolyte hydrogels(channel width,2.2 nm)with inherent high ion conductivity have been demonstrated to enable excellent selective ion transfer when confined in cylindrical anodized aluminum pore with lateral size even up to the submillimeter scale(radius,0.1 mm).The membrane permeability of the anti-swelling hydrogel can also be further increased with cellulose nanofibers.With real seawater and river water,the output power density of a three-chamber cell on behalf of repeat unit of RED system can reach up to 8.99 W m^(-2)(per unit total membrane area),much better than state-of-the-art membranes.This work provides a new strategy for the preparation of polyelectrolyte hydrogel-based ion-selective membranes,owning broad application prospects in the fields of osmotic energy collection,electrodialysis,flow battery and so on.
基金Supported by Key Project of the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation,Zhejiang Province,China,No.2022J253Key Technology R&D Project of Ningbo City,No.2023Z208+1 种基金Traditional Chinese Medicine project,Zhejiang Province,No.2024ZF028the Key Project of Health Science and Technology Foundation,Zhejiang Province,China,No.WKJ-ZJ-2551.
文摘BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis(LC)affect millions of people worldwide.The pathogenesis of cirrhosis involves complex interactions between immune responses and gut microbiota.Recent studies have highlighted the role of the interleukin-36(IL-36)subfamily in inflammation and immune regulation.However,the relationship between serum IL-36 subfamily levels and gut microbiota in cirrhosis patients remains unclear.This study aimed to explore the clinical significance of serum IL-36 subfamily levels and their association with gut microbiota in cirrhosis patients.AIM To explore the clinical significance of serum IL-36 subfamily levels and their relationship with gut microbiota among cirrhosis patients.METHODS Sixty-one cirrhosis patients were enrolled from Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University from May 2022 to November 2023 as the LC group and 29 healthy volunteers as the healthy control(HC)group.The serum expressions of IL-36α,IL-36β, IL-36γ, IL-36Ra, and IL-38 were measured through ELISA, while 16S rRNA gene sequencing was employed torate microbial community in human fecal samples.RESULTSThe serum levels of IL-36α, IL-36γ, IL-36Ra, and IL-38 in the LC group remarkably exceeded those in the HC group(P < 0.05). IL-36α, IL-36γ, and IL-38 were related positively to the Child-Pugh score (P < 0.05) and prominentlyexceeded those in the Child-Pugh C group (P < 0.05). The absolute abundance of harmful bacteria (Bacteroides,Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium) remarkably rose, while the beneficial bacteria (Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella) notably decreased in the LC group (P < 0.05). IL-36α, IL-36γ, and IL-38 related positively to Lactobacillus(P < 0.05), while IL-38 negatively related to Fusicatenibacter (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONIL-36γ and IL-38 show promise as potential biomarkers for LC progression, but further validation is required.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52271167 and U21A2064)the Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.242300421188)+2 种基金the Open Foundation of Henan Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Materials and Application Technology,Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics(Nos.ZHKF-230104,ZHKF-240105,and ZHKF-230105)Henan Province Science and Technology Research Project(No.232102230134)the ZUA Innovation Fund for Grad-uate Education(Nos.2024CX110,2024CX118,and 2024CX134).
文摘Stable electrical and electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding performance is crucial for the develop-ment of the new generation of flexible electronic devices,but maintaining stability under strain remains a challenge.This study presents the development of a composite elastomer utilizing eutectic gallium indium(EGaIn),characterized by its high flexibility in circuit design,excellent conductivity,minimal re-sistance variation,and consistent EMI shielding effectiveness under high strain conditions.The composite is engineered through the deposition of EGaln particles within the lower layer of polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS),followed by the self-encapsulation of the upper PDMS layer.The robust electrical and EMI shield-ing properties of the PDMS/EGaIn composite elastomers under strain can be attributed to the internally formed defect-free liquid metal(LM)network.Furthermore,the composite elastomer's versatile circuit inscription capability on its surface,coupled with its resistance independence from the stress direction,underscores its functional versatility in electronic applications.Elastomers with exceptional stretch and strength hold great promise for applications in combat robotics and aerospace apparel.This biomimetic elastomer exhibits vast potential across diverse domains,including flexible electronics,flexible electro-magnetic concealment,and aerospace technologies.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52175104)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF (No. GZC20233008)
文摘Tooth cracks may occur in spiral bevel gear transmission system of the aerospace equipment.In this study,an accurate and efficient loaded tooth contact analysis(LTCA)model is developed to predict the contact behavior and time-varying meshing stiffness(TVMS)of spiral bevel gear pair with cracked tooth.The tooth is sliced,and the contact points on slices are computed using roll angle surfaces.Considering the geometric complexity of crack surface,a set of procedures is formulated to generate spatial crack and determine crack parameters for contact points.According to the positional relationship between contact point and crack path,each sliced tooth is modeled as a non-uniform cantilever beam with varying reduced effective load-bearing tooth thickness.Then the compliance model of the cracked tooth is established to perform contact analysis,along with TVMS calculations utilizing three different models.By employing spiral bevel gear pairs with distinct types of cracks as examples,the accuracy and efficiency of the developed approach are validated via comparative analyses with finite element analysis(FEA)outcomes.Furthermore,the investigation on effects of cracks shows that tooth cracks can induce alterations in meshing performance of both entire gear pair and individual tooth pairs,including not only cracked tooth pair but also adjacent non-cracked tooth pairs.Hence,the proposed model can serve as a useful tool for analyzing the variations in contact behavior and meshing stiffness of spiral bevel gears due to different cracks.
基金supported by the Tencent Charity Foundationthe Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Research and Development Program(No.2021BEG 02025)+1 种基金the Flexible Introduction of Technological Innovation Teams of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(No.2021RXTDLX15)the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82160644)。
文摘Objective:A risk-based sequential screening strategy,from questionnaire-based assessment to biomarker measurement and then to endoscopic examination,has the potential to enhance gastric cancer(GC)screening efficiency.We aimed to evaluate the ability of five common stomach-specific serum biomarkers to further enrich high-risk individuals for GC in the questionnaire-identified high-risk population.Methods:This study was conducted based on a risk-based screening program in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China.We first performed questionnaire assessment involving 23,381 individuals(7,042 outpatients and 16,339 individuals from the community),and those assessed as“high-risk”were then invited to participate in serological assays and endoscopic examinations.The serological biomarker model was derived based on logistic regression,with predictors selected via the Akaike information criterion.Model performance was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC).Results:A total of 2,011 participants were ultimately included for analysis.The final serological biomarker model had three predictors,comprising pepsinogenⅠ(PGI),pepsinogenⅠ/Ⅱratio(PGR),and anti-Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G(anti-H.pylori IgG)antibodies.This model generated an AUC of 0.733(95%confidence interval:0.655-0.812)and demonstrated the best discriminative ability compared with previously developed serological biomarker models.As the risk cut-off value of our model rose,the detection rate increased and the number of endoscopies needed to detect one case decreased.Conclusions:PGI,PGR,and anti-H.pylori Ig G could be jointly used to further enrich high-risk individuals for GC among those selected by questionnaire assessment,providing insight for the development of a multi-stage riskbased sequential strategy for GC screening.
基金supported by the Youth Science Fund Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82104440).
文摘Objective:To confirm the therapeutic efficacy of the ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 on ischemic stroke and elucidate its underlying mechanism.Methods:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups:sham,model,and EGb761(ginkgo biloba extract).Ischemic stroke was then simulated in rats via embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery,with the extract administered half an hour before surgery.Neurological deficit scores,infarct volume,cerebral edema rate,and inflammatory factors served as the primary metrics for drug efficacy.Serum metabolites were analyzed using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance to elucidate the operative mechanism.Results:Treatment with the ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 significantly ameliorated the neurological deficit scores(P=.0343),diminished the cerebral infarct volume(P=.0001)and cerebral edema rate(P=.0030),and alleviated neuroinflammation(all P<.05)in middle cerebral artery occlusion rats.In addition,it significantly altered the contents of various metabolites,such as 2-hydroxybutyrate,isoleucine,isopropanol,isobutyric acid,N6-acetyllysine,glutamate,glutamine,methionine,and N,Ndimethylglycine(all P<.05).Enrichment analysis of the differential metabolites indicated that EGb761 may be involved in the regulation of amino acid metabolism,betaine metabolism,glucose-alanine cycle,Warburg effect,and urea cycle.Conclusion:The ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 demonstrates anti-ischemic stroke effect on ischemic stroke model rats by regulating amino acids and amino acid derivatives,such as isoleucine,N6-acetyllysine,glutamate,methionine,and N,N-dimethylglycine.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFC1712000),but independent of it。
文摘Functional dyspepsia(FD),characterized by persistent or recurrent dyspeptic symptoms without identifiable organic,systemic or metabolic causes,is an increasingly recognized global health issue.The objective of this guideline is to equip clinicians and nursing professionals with evidence-based strategies for the management and treatment of adult patients with FD using traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).The Guideline Development Group consulted existing TCM consensus documents on FD and convened a panel of 35 clinicians to generate initial clinical queries.To address these queries,a systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed,EMBASE,the Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP Database,China Biology Medicine(SinoMed)Database,Wanfang Database,Traditional Medicine Research Data Expanded(TMRDE),and the Traditional Chinese Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System(TCMLARS).The evidence from the literature was critically appraised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)approach.The strength of the recommendations was ascertained through a consensus-building process involving TCM and allopathic medicine experts,methodologists,pharmacologists,nursing specialists,and health economists,leveraging their collective expertise and empirical knowledge.The guideline comprises a total of 43 evidence-informed recommendations that span a range of clinical aspects,including the pathogenesis according to TCM,diagnostic approaches,therapeutic interventions,efficacy assessments,and prognostic considerations.
基金This publication was made possible by funding from the NIMHD-RCMI Grant no. 5G12MD007595, the National Institute of Minority Health, Health Disparities, and the NIGMS-BUILD Grant no. 8UL1GM118967, and the National Science Foundation （Grant no. 1700429）. This publication was also made possible by the Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium. The contents axe solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIMHD. The authors appreciate the support of Nanhu Scholars Program for Young Scholars of Xinyang Normal University and the Science and Technology Development Plan （No. J17KA006） from Shandong Provincial Education Department as well. Z.H., K.L and D.H. axe equally contributed to this work.
文摘Herein, the authors review the self-regulation system secured by well-designed hybrid materials, composites, and complex system. As a broad concept, the self-regulated material/system has been defined in a wide research field and proven to be of great interest for use in a biomedical system, mechanical system, physical system, as the fact of something such as an organisation regulating itself without intervention from external perturbation. Here, they focus on the most recent discoveries of self-regulation phenomenon and progress in utilising the self-regulation design. This paper concludes by examining various practical applications of the remarkable materials and systems including manipulation of the oil/water interface, cell out-layer structure, radical activity, electron energy level, and mechanical structure of nanomaterials. From material science to bioengineering, self-regulation proves to be not only viable, but increasingly useful in many applications. As part of intelligent engineering, self-regulatory materials are expected to be more used as integrated intelligent components.
文摘In this paper, we proposed a metric to measure the shift invariance of the three different contourlet transforms. And then, using the same structure texture image retrieval system which use subband coefficients energy, standard deviation and kurtosis features with Canberra distance, we gave a comparison of their texture description abilities. Experimental results show that contourlet-2.3 texture image retrieval system has almost retrieval rates with non-sub sampled contourlet system;the two systems have better retrieval results than the original contourlet retrieval system. On the other hand, for the relatively lower redundancy, we recommend using contourlet- 2.3 as texture description transform.
