BACKGROUND Large number of decompensated liver cirrhosis patients in China have been diagnosed with hepatitis B virus(HBV).Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs)can possibly cure decompensated l...BACKGROUND Large number of decompensated liver cirrhosis patients in China have been diagnosed with hepatitis B virus(HBV).Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs)can possibly cure decompensated liver cirrhosis because of their self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation potential.AIM To explore the safety and effect of treating liver cirrhosis with HBV by hUC-MSCs.METHODS Twenty-four participants were recruited,divided into 3 groups,and injected with different amounts of hUC-MSCs via the peripheral vein.Therapy was administered 3 times.A 24-week follow-up examination of each patient’s liver function,coagulation function,general condition,and immune system was performed.Adverse events were also recorded.A 2-year survival assessment was subsequently performed.RESULTS Infusion therapy rapidly improved liver function.Serum albumin transiently increased on days 57 and 85 but returned to baseline by day 169,while prothrombin time activity demonstrated sustained improvement from day 29 through day 169.Interleukin-8 levels decreased persistently throughout treatment.All dosage groups achieved 100%6-month survival;2-year survival rates were 66.7%(low-dose),100%(medium-dose),and 87.5%(high-dose).The interaction between dosage and efficacy was weak.Notably,the improvement in liver function was statistically significant and sustained for almost 3 months,suggesting clinically meaningful therapeutic durability.CONCLUSION hUC-MSCs can be considered a safe treatment for patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis associated with HBV.However,larger-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to prove its therapeutic effect.展开更多
BACKGROUND Early detection of esophageal squamous neoplasms(ESN)is essential for improving patient prognosis.Optical diagnosis of ESN remains challenging.Probebased confocal laser endomicroscopy(pCLE)enables accurate ...BACKGROUND Early detection of esophageal squamous neoplasms(ESN)is essential for improving patient prognosis.Optical diagnosis of ESN remains challenging.Probebased confocal laser endomicroscopy(pCLE)enables accurate in vivo histological observation and optical biopsy of ESN.However,interpretation of pCLE images requires histopathological expertise and extensive training.Artificial intelligence(AI)has been widely applied in digestive endoscopy;however,AI for pCLE diagnosis of ESN has not been reported.AIM To develop a pCLE computer-aided diagnostic system for ESN and assess its diagnostic performance and assistant efficiency for nonexpert endoscopists.METHODS The intelligent confocal laser endomicroscopy(iCLE)system consists of image recognition(based on inception-ResNet V2),video diagnosis,and quality judgment modules.This system was developed using pCLE images and videos and evaluated through image and prospective video recognition tests.Patients between June 2020 and January 2023 were prospectively enrolled.Expert and nonexpert endoscopists and the iCLE independently performed diagnoses for pCLE videos,with histopathology as the gold standard.Thereafter,the non-expert endoscopists performed a second assessment with iCLE assistance.RESULTS A total of 25056 images from 2803 patients were selected for iCLE training and validation.Another 2442 images from 226 patients were used for testing.iCLE achieved a high accuracy of 98.3%,sensitivity of 95.3%and specificity of 98.8%for diagnosing ESN images.A total of 2581 patients underwent upper gastrointestinal pCLE examination and were prospectively screened;54 patients with suspected ESN were enrolled.Overall,187 videos from 67 lesions were assessed by iCLE,three nonexpert and three expert endoscopists.iCLE achieved a high accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of 90.9%,92.0%,and 90.2%,respectively.Compared to experts,iCLE showed significantly higher sensitivity(92.0%vs 80.4%;P<0.001)and negative predictive value(94.4%vs 87.7%;P=0.003).With iCLE assistance,nonexpert endoscopists showed significant improvements in accuracy(from 83.6%to 88.6%)and sensitivity(from 76.0%to 89.8%).CONCLUSION iCLE system demonstrated high diagnostic performance for ESN.It can assist nonexpert endoscopists in improving the diagnostic efficiency of pCLE for ESN and has the potential for reducing unnecessary biopsies.展开更多
This paper reviews the current state of knowledge and advances on the stress-corrosion cracking(SCC)of Ti alloys subject to harsh corrosive environments in the deep sea,and presents the knowledge gaps and future direc...This paper reviews the current state of knowledge and advances on the stress-corrosion cracking(SCC)of Ti alloys subject to harsh corrosive environments in the deep sea,and presents the knowledge gaps and future directions.A comprehensive review of classifications and applications of Ti alloys for deep-sea engineering indicates that the near-αandα+βTi alloys with high strength and great weldability are the primary selection for deep-sea equipment.The role of residual stress,microstructure types,alloying elements and corrosive environmental factors on SCC performance of Ti alloys are also summarised.It is revealed that the Ti alloys with Widmanstatten structure show the lowest SCC susceptibility,and alloying of Nb,Mo and Al elements plays a positive role in the boost corrosion resistance of passive film.Syn-ergistic effects of environmental deep-sea factors include high hydrostatic pressure,low dissolved oxy-gen content,low temperature and decreasing pH levels intensify the SCC of Ti alloys by inducing local dissolution of the passive film and facilitating hydrogen-induced cracking at crack tip.The study also highlights future research requirements in SCC of Ti alloys in deep sea:including the set-up of unified and suitable methods of in-situ and simulated experiments,modeling and predicting of SCC behaviour in real situations,and exploring practical protective strategies specifically.These findings provide a refer-ence for further SCC mechanisms research and promote the microstructure optimisation and performance improvement of the advanced Ti alloy-based material systems for deep-sea engineering.展开更多
Micron-sized silicon(μSi)is a promising anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity,low cost,and abundant reserves.However,the volume expansion that occurs during cyclin...Micron-sized silicon(μSi)is a promising anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity,low cost,and abundant reserves.However,the volume expansion that occurs during cycling leads to the accumulation of undesirable stresses,resulting in pulverization of silicon microparticles and shortened lifespan of the batteries.Herein,a composite film of Cu-PET-Cu is proposed as the current collector(CC)forμSi anodes to replace the conventional Cu CC.Cu-PET-Cu CC is prepared by depositing Cu on both sides of a polyethylene terephthalate(PET)film.The PET layer promises good ductility of the film,permitting the Cu-PET-Cu CC to accommodate the volumetric changes of silicon microparticles and facilitates the stress release through ductile deformation.As a result,theμSi electrode with Cu-PET-Cu CC retains a high specific capacity of 2181 mA h g^(-1),whereas theμSi electrode with Cu CC(μSi/Cu)exhibits a specific capacity of 1285 mA h g^(-1)after 80 cycles.The stress relieving effect of CuPET-Cu was demonstrated by in-situ fiber optic stress monitoring and multi-physics simulations.This work proposes an effective stress relief strategy at the electrode level for the practical implementation ofμSi anodes.展开更多
Lithium salt-based hole transport layer(HTL)dopants commonly used in perovskite solar cells(PSCs)are known to negatively impact stability due to their intrinsic hygroscopic properties and ion migration.In this study,w...Lithium salt-based hole transport layer(HTL)dopants commonly used in perovskite solar cells(PSCs)are known to negatively impact stability due to their intrinsic hygroscopic properties and ion migration.In this study,we introduce an ammonium salt,p-methoxyphenylethylamine bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfoni mide(MPT),as a novel dual-function dopant for the HTL in PSCs.The chemical interaction between MPT and the widely used HTL material spiro-OMeTAD generates high concentrations of spiroOMeTAD^(+)radicals,effectively enhancing the doping of spiro-OMeTAD.Additionally,MPT reacts with the perovskite layer,forming a 2D perovskite structure at the perovskite/HTL interface,which passivates defects and suppresses interfacial ion migration.As a result,PSCs with MPT doping achieved a remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 25.52%for small-area devices(0.045 cm^(2))and 21.01%for mini-modules(16.8 cm^(2)).Moreover,the incorporation of MPT significantly enhances the moisture,light,and thermal stability of the PSCs by eliminating Li^(+)and suppressing I-migration.Notably,PSCs with MPT-doped PTAA retained 84%of their initial PCE after 1,300 h of aging at 60℃in a nitrogen-filled glovebox.Our work presents a unique doping strategy for the HTL in PSCs,offering a promising approach to simultaneously improve both the stability and efficiency of these devices.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries with high energy density and capacity have garnered significant research attention among various energy storage devices.However,the shuttle effect of polysulfides(LiPSs)remains a major ch...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries with high energy density and capacity have garnered significant research attention among various energy storage devices.However,the shuttle effect of polysulfides(LiPSs)remains a major challenge for their practical application.The design of battery separators has become a key aspect in addressing the challenge.MXenes,a promising two-dimensional(2D)material,offer exceptional conductivity,large surface area,high mechanical strength,and active sites for surface reactions.When assembled into layered films,MXenes form highly tunable two-dimensional channels ranging from a few angstroms to over 1 nm.These nanoconfined channels are instrumental in facilitating lithium-ion transport while effectively impeding the shuttle effect of LiPSs,which are essential for improving the specific capacity and cyclic stability of Li-S batteries.Substantial progress has been made in developing MXenes-based separators for Li-S batteries,yet there remains a research gap in summarizing advancements from the perspective of interlayer engineering.This entails maintaining the 2D nanochannels of layered MXenes-based separators while modulating the physicochemical environment within the MXenes interlayers through targeted modifications.This review highlights advancements in in situ modification of MXenes and their integration with 0D,1D,and 2D materials to construct laminated nanocomposite separators for Li-S batteries.The future development directions of MXenes-based materials in Li-S energy storage devices are also outlined,to drive further advancements in MXenes for Li-S battery separators.展开更多
Objective:This study aims to investigate the current status of self-care abilities among hearing-impaired cancer patients and analyze the associated influencing factors.Based on these findings,this study aims to provi...Objective:This study aims to investigate the current status of self-care abilities among hearing-impaired cancer patients and analyze the associated influencing factors.Based on these findings,this study aims to provide a theoretical foundation for developing targeted medical care and health education interventions for this population,ultimately formulating a practical nursing program tailored to their unique needs.Methods:A convenience sampling method was employed to recruit 116 hearing-impaired cancer patients who met the inclusion criteria.Data collection involved 3 standardized tools:a self-designed demographic questionnaire,the Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale(ESCA),and the Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS).Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the baseline characteristics,while multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify significant predictors of self-care ability.Results:The cross-sectional survey revealed that participants had an average ESCA score of 99.55±19.53 and a mean PSSS score of 58.14±9.32.Statistical analysis identified several key factors influencing self-care ability,including the presence/absence of aphasia(P<0.001);Duration of hearing loss(P<0.01);Place of daily residence(P<0.001);Communication methods(P<0.05);Family economic status(P<0.001);and Perceived level of social support(P<0.001).Conclusions:Hearing-impaired cancer patients exhibit moderate self-care abilities overall.There is a positive correlation between perceived social support levels and self-care ability.Critical predictors of self-care ability include demographic characteristics(residential status,duration of hearing loss),clinical features(aphasia),communication patterns,educational attainment,and socioeconomic status.This study provides valuable insights for developing targeted interventions to enhance self-care capabilities in hearing-impaired cancer patients,emphasizing the importance of addressing both personal and environmental factors.展开更多
Current research on localized raceway defects of angular contact ball bearings(ACBB)mainly focuses on assuming that localized raceway defects are cube-shaped defects characterized using a half-sine displacement excita...Current research on localized raceway defects of angular contact ball bearings(ACBB)mainly focuses on assuming that localized raceway defects are cube-shaped defects characterized using a half-sine displacement excitation function.However,the assumption of a cube-shaped defect cannot accurately reflect the morphological characteristics of a localized raceway defect,and the half-sine displacement excitation function cannot be used to accurately describe the relationship between the geometric positions of rolling element and raceway in the region of localized raceway defects.In this study,a comprehensive dynamic model of an ACBB considering a three-dimensional localized raceway defect is established based on the nonlinear Hertz contact theory in conjunction with the outer raceway control theory using the improved Newton–Raphson iteration method.Three localized raceway defect distribution types,namely symmetric,offset,and deflection distributions,are considered.The established model is verified by comparing the results of the proposed model with those of existing literature.The dynamic characteristics of the ACBB were analyzed by investigating the effects of the geometrical size and distribution types on the time-varying contact angles,contact forces,and diagonal stiffness of the ACBB.The investigation results show that the appearance of localized raceway defect leads to the time-varying curves of contact angles,contact forces and diagonal stiffness havingΛ-and V-shaped mutations in some time intervals;The variation tendencies of theΛ-and V-shaped mutations are significant with the increase in defect radial depth H,defect axial width a and angular distanceθ_b.The increase in defect eccentric distance L is beneficial to the rolling elements disengaging from the defect area and it can weaken the influence of localized raceway defect on the time-varying contact and stiffness characteristics of ACBB.The time-varying contact and stiffness characteristics appear to change significantly when the defect deflection angleα_βincrease toα_γ.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the fault diagnosis of localized raceway defects in ACBB.展开更多
Rollover accidents involving agricultural wheeled robots,accompanied by severe mechanical impacts,pose serious threats to operational safety and reduce functional efficiency.To address this issue,an active rollover pr...Rollover accidents involving agricultural wheeled robots,accompanied by severe mechanical impacts,pose serious threats to operational safety and reduce functional efficiency.To address this issue,an active rollover prevention strategy is proposed,utilizing a single‐gimbal control moment gyro(SGCMG),to stabilize typical agricultural robots and prevent potential rollovers.To match the free oscillation of the pivot front axle,a novel recovery torque model of the coupled robot‐SGCMG system is established,in which two patterns are introduced to refine the rollover process with uncertain parameters.Additionally,a lateral stability index is adopted and analyzed to assess the hazard level of potential rollovers.Aimed at handling uncertain parameters and hazard levels,an adaptive backstepping control strategy is developed for real‐time anti‐rollover implementation.Within this strategy,control gains are adaptively tuned based on theoretical derivations,thereby suppressing rollover tendency while minimizing tuning effort.For verification,a scaled experimental platform,designed according to similarity theory,is constructed to ensure safety of personnel and equipment.Experimental results show that the proposed method can precisely regulate the output torque of the gyro,rapidly and effectively mitigating the risk of imminent rollover.This method provides a promising solution for wheeled robot stability and a theoretical basis for advanced safety control in agricultural robotics.展开更多
Enhancing the lubricating properties and antibacterial adhesion resistance of implantable medical materials is critical to prevent soft tissue injury during implantation and the formation of bacterial biofilms.Prior s...Enhancing the lubricating properties and antibacterial adhesion resistance of implantable medical materials is critical to prevent soft tissue injury during implantation and the formation of bacterial biofilms.Prior studies may have exhibited limitations in the preparation methodologies and long-term stability of coatings for implantable medical materials.In this study,we developed a multilayered hybrid hydrogel coating method based on the rate difference of polymerization initiation on the material surface.The acquired coating with persistent lubrication capability retained its functionality after 2×10^(4) cycles of friction and 21 days of PBS immersion.A quaternary ammonium salt coating with antibacterial properties was introduced to further functionalize the coating.Animal experiments demonstrated that this coating exhibited remarkable effects on delaying encrustation and bacterial colonization.These studies indicate that this simple method of introducing lubricating and antibacterial coatings on catheters is likely to enhance the biocompatibility of medical devices and has broad application prospects in this field of medical devices.展开更多
With the rapid development of lithium batteries,it’s of great significance to ensure the safe use of it.An ultrasound imaging system based on fiber optic ultrasound sensor has been developed to monitor the internal c...With the rapid development of lithium batteries,it’s of great significance to ensure the safe use of it.An ultrasound imaging system based on fiber optic ultrasound sensor has been developed to monitor the internal changes of lithium batteries.Based on Fabry-Perot interferometer(FPI)structure which is made of a glass plate and an optical fiber pigtail,the ultrasound imaging system possesses a high sensitivity of 558 mV/kPa at 500 kHz with the noise equivalent pressure(NEP)of only 63.5 mPa.For the frequency response,the ultrasound sensitivity is higher than 13.1 mV/kPa within the frequency range from 50 kHz to 1 MHz.Meanwhile,the battery imaging system based on the proposed sensor has a superior resolution as high as 0.5 mm.The performance of battery safety monitoring is verified,in which three commercial lithium-ion ferrous phosphate/graphite(LFP||Gr)batteries are imaged and the state of health(SOH)for different batteries is obtained.Besides,the wetting process of an anode-free lithium metal batteries(AFLMB)is clearly observed via the proposed system,in which the formation process of the pouch cell is analyzed and the gas-related"unwetting"condition is discovered,representing a significant advancement in battery health monitoring field.In the future,the commercial usage can be realized when sensor array and artificial intelligence technology are adopted.展开更多
Soil fugitive dust(SFD)is characterized by a variety of sources and considerable spatialtemporal variability,exerting a significant impact on environmental air quality and ecological systems in cities across northern ...Soil fugitive dust(SFD)is characterized by a variety of sources and considerable spatialtemporal variability,exerting a significant impact on environmental air quality and ecological systems in cities across northern China.Multiple factors can shape SFD emission.Nevertheless,the current comprehension of its critical impact factors and quantitative methodologies remains constrained.This study utilizes interpretable machine learning techniques to identify the principal impact factors of SFD and their interactions while delineating their action thresholds.The findings reveal seasonal variations in impact factors and emphasize the substantial effect of bare soil source strength on SFD,including parameters such as bare soil area and soil moisture.Consequently,the Wind Erosion Equation model is optimized following these findings to localize its parameters and improve its capability to calculate hourly SFD emissions.The case application is validated using observational data,demonstrating the reliability and precision of the optimized methodology.This study provides insights and solutions for the local optimization of SFD parameterization schemes and further supports the formulation of precise prevention and control policies for SFD.展开更多
Downregulation of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 is a key step for inducing retinal Müller cell activation and interaction with other glial cells,which is involved in retinal ganglion cell apopt...Downregulation of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 is a key step for inducing retinal Müller cell activation and interaction with other glial cells,which is involved in retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in glaucoma.Modulation of Kir4.1 expression in Müller cells may therefore be a potential strategy for attenuating retinal ganglion cell damage in glaucoma.In this study,we identified seven predicted phosphorylation sites in Kir4.1 and constructed lentiviral expression systems expressing Kir4.1 mutated at each site to prevent phosphorylation.Following this,we treated Müller glial cells in vitro and in vivo with the m Glu R I agonist DHPG to induce Kir4.1 or Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression.We found that both Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression inhibited activation of Müller glial cells.Subsequently,we established a rat model of chronic ocular hypertension by injecting microbeads into the anterior chamber and overexpressed Kir4.1 or Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp in the eye,and observed similar results in Müller cells in vivo as those seen in vitro.Both Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression inhibited Müller cell activation,regulated the balance of Bax/Bcl-2,and reduced the m RNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory factors,including interleukin-1βand tumor necrosis factor-α.Furthermore,we investigated the regulatory effects of Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression on the release of pro-inflammatory factors in a co-culture system of Müller glial cells and microglia.In this co-culture system,we observed elevated adenosine triphosphate concentrations in activated Müller cells,increased levels of translocator protein(a marker of microglial activation),and elevated interleukin-1βm RNA and protein levels in microglia induced by activated Müller cells.These changes could be reversed by Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression in Müller cells.Kir4.1 overexpression,but not Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression,reduced the number of proliferative and migratory microglia induced by activated Müller cells.Collectively,these results suggest that the tyrosine residue at position nine in Kir4.1 may serve as a functional modulation site in the retina in an experimental model of glaucoma.Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression attenuated Müller cell activation,reduced ATP/P2X receptor–mediated interactions between glial cells,inhibited microglial activation,and decreased the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory factors,consequently ameliorating retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in glaucoma.展开更多
Acupuncture can improve the cognitive state of Alzheimer＇s disease, but its mechanism is not clear. Dendritic atrophy and synaptic loss in Alzheimer＇s disease brain are positively correlated with cognitive damage. T...Acupuncture can improve the cognitive state of Alzheimer＇s disease, but its mechanism is not clear. Dendritic atrophy and synaptic loss in Alzheimer＇s disease brain are positively correlated with cognitive damage. Therefore, we speculated that the effect of acupuncture on improving cognitive function may be associated with reduced dendritic damage in the brain. Acupuncture at Qihai（CV6）, Zhongwan（CV12）, Danzhong（CV17）, bilateral Zusanli（ST36）, and bilateral Xuehai（SP10） acupoints was performed once a day（1-day rest after 6-day treatment） for 14 consecutive days. Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8（SAMP8） mice without acupuncture and senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1（SAMR1） mice were used as normal controls. After 14 days of treatment, spatial learning and memory ability of mice was assessed in each group using the Morris water maze. Dendritic changes of pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1 region were analyzed by quantitative Golgi staining. Our results showed that acupuncture shortened escape latency and lengthened retention time of the former platform quadrant in SAMP8 mice. Further, SAMP8 mice exhibited a significant increase in the number of apical and basal dendritic branches and total length of apical and basal dendrites after acupuncture. These results suggest that acupuncture improves spatial learning and memory ability of middle-aged SAMP8 mice by ameliorating dendritic structure.Acupuncture can improve the cognitive state of Alzheimer＇s disease, but its mechanism is not clear. Dendritic atrophy and synaptic loss in Alzheimer＇s disease brain are positively correlated with cognitive damage. Therefore, we speculated that the effect of acupuncture on im- proving cognitive function may be associated with reduced dendritic damage in the brain. Acupuncture at Qihai （CV6）, Zhongwan （CV 12）, Danzhong （CV17）, bilateral Zusanli （ST36）, and bilateral Xuehai （SP10） acupoints was performed once a day （1-day rest after 6-day treat- ment） for 14 consecutive days. Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 （SAMP8） mice without acupuncture and senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1 （SAMR1） mice were used as normal controls. After 14 days of treatment, spatial learning and memory ability of mice was assessed in each group using the Morris water maze. Dendritic changes of pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1 region were analyzed by quantitative Golgi staining. Our results showed that acupuncture shortened escape latency and lengthened retention time of the former platform quadrant in SAMP8 mice. Further, SAMP8 mice exhibited a significant increase in the number of apical and basal dendritic branches and total length of apical and basal dendrites after acupuncture. These results suggest that acupuncture improves spatial learning and memory ability of middle-aged SAMP8 mice by ameliorating dendritic structure.展开更多
AIM To explore the exact interaction between Notch and transforming growth factor(TGF)-β signaling in liver fibrosis. METHODS We established a rat model of liver fibrosis induced by concanavalin A. Peripheral blood m...AIM To explore the exact interaction between Notch and transforming growth factor(TGF)-β signaling in liver fibrosis. METHODS We established a rat model of liver fibrosis induced by concanavalin A. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) were isolated from the modeled rats, and cultured with γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT and TGF-β inhibitor for 24 h. The m RNA levels of Notch and TGF-β signaling were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Expression of Notch and TGF-β proteins was analyzed by western blotting.RESULTS Compared to control rats, Notch and TGF-β signaling was activated in PBMCs of model rats. Administration of DAPT and TGF-β inhibitor suppressed Notch and TGF-β signal transducer in PBMCs of model rats. DAPT reduced m RNA and protein expression of TGF-β signaling, such as TGF-β1 and Smad3. TGF-β inhibitor also downregulated Notch1, Hes1 and Hes5, and m RNA and protein expression of the Notch signaling pathway.CONCLUSION Notch and TGF-β signaling play a role in liver fibrosis. TGF-β signaling upregulates Notch signaling, which promotes TGF-β signaling.展开更多
AIM To investigate the effect of metformin on activated hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) and the possible signaling pathways involved. METHODS A fibrotic mouse model was generated by intraperitoneal injection of carbon te...AIM To investigate the effect of metformin on activated hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) and the possible signaling pathways involved. METHODS A fibrotic mouse model was generated by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride(CCl_4) and subsequent treatment with or without metformin. The level of fibrosis was detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining, Sirius Red staining, and immunohistochemistry. The HSC cell line LX-2 was used for in vitro studies. The effect of metformin on cell proliferation(CCK8 assay),motility(scratch test and Transwell assay), contraction(collagen gel contraction assay), extracellular matrix(ECM) secretion(Western blot), and angiogenesis(ELISA and tube formation assay) was investigated. We also analyzed the possible signaling pathways involved by Western blot analysis.RESULTS Mice developed marked liver fibrosis after intraperitoneal injection with CCl_4 for 6 wk. Metformin decreased the activation of HSCs, reduced the deposition of ECM, and inhibited angiogenesis in CCl_4-treated mice. Platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) promoted the fibrogenic response of HSCs in vitro, while metformin inhibited the activation, proliferation, migration, and contraction of HSCs, and reduced the secretion of ECM. Metformin decreased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in HSCs through inhibition of hypoxia inducible factor(HIF)-1α in both PDGF-BB treatment and hypoxic conditions, and it down-regulated VEGF secretion by HSCs and inhibited HSC-based angiogenesis in hypoxic conditions in vitro. The inhibitory effects of metformin on activated HSCs were mediated by inhibiting the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK) pathways via the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK).CONCLUSION Metformin attenuates the fibrogenic response of HSCs in vivo and in vitro, and may therefore be useful for the treatment of chronic liver diseases.展开更多
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance enterography(MRE) is increasingly attractive as a noninvasive and radiation-free tool for assessing Crohn’s disease(CD). Diffusionweighted imaging(DWI) is recommended as an optional MRE ...BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance enterography(MRE) is increasingly attractive as a noninvasive and radiation-free tool for assessing Crohn’s disease(CD). Diffusionweighted imaging(DWI) is recommended as an optional MRE sequence for CD by the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology, and has shown a superb potential as a quantitative modality for bowel inflammation evaluation. However, the measurement reproducibility of quantitative DWI analysis in MRE has not been ascertained so far. To facilitate the application of quantitative diffusion-weighted MRE in the clinical routine, systematic investigations of the intra and interobserver reproducibility of DWI quantitative parameters should be performed.AIM To evaluate the intra and interobserver reproducibility of quantitative analysis for diffusion-weighted MRE(DW-MRE) in ileal CD.METHODS Forty-four subjects(21 with CD and 23 control subjects) who underwent ileocolonoscopy and DW-MRE(b = 800 s/mm2) within one week were included.Two radiologists independently measured apparent diffusion coefficients(ADC)of the terminal ileum and signal intensity ratio(SR) of the terminal ileum to ipsilateral psoas muscle on DWI images(b = 800 s/mm2). Between-and withinreader agreements were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients(ICC),coefficients of variation(CoV), and 95% limits of agreement of Bland-Altman plots(BA-LA LoA). Diagnostic performances of ADC and SR for identifying inflamed terminal ileum from the normal were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis.RESULTS There were no significant differences in ADC or SR values between the two sessions or between the two radiologists either in the CD or control group(paired t-test, P > 0.05). The intra and interobserver reproducibility of ADC(ICC: 0.952-0.984;CoV: 3.73-6.28%;BA-LA LoA: ±11.27% to ±15.88%) and SR(ICC: 0.969-0.989;CoV: 3.51%-4.64%;BA-LA LoA: ±10.62% to ±15.45%) was excellent for CD.Agreement of ADC measurements was slightly less in control subjects(ICC:0.641-0.736;CoV: 10.47%-11.43%;BA-LA LoA: ± 26.59% to ± 30.83%). SR of normal terminal ileum demonstrated high intra and interobserver reproducibility(ICC: 0.944-0.974;CoV: 3.73%-6.28%;BA-LA LoA: ± 18.58% to ± 24.43%). ADC and SR of two readers had outstanding diagnostic efficiencies(area under the ROC curve: 0.923-0.988).CONCLUSION Quantitative parameters derived from DW-MRE have good to excellent intra and interobserver agreements with high diagnostic accuracy, and can serve as robust and efficient quantitative biomarkers for CD evaluation.展开更多
Ag3PO4 is widely used in the field of photocatalysis because of its unique activity. However, photocorrosion limits its practical application. Therefore, it is very urgent to find a solution to improve the light corro...Ag3PO4 is widely used in the field of photocatalysis because of its unique activity. However, photocorrosion limits its practical application. Therefore, it is very urgent to find a solution to improve the light corrosion resistance of Ag3PO4. Herein, the Z-scheme WO3(H2O)0.333/Ag3PO4 composites are successfully prepared through microwave hydrothermal and simple stirring. The WO3(H2O)0.333/Ag3PO4 composites are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. In the degradation of organic pollutants, WO3(H2O)0.333/Ag3PO4 composites exhibit excellent performance under visible light. This is mainly attributed to the synergy of WO3(H2O)0.333 and Ag3PO4. Especially, the photocatalytic activity of 15%WO3(H2O)0.333/Ag3PO4 is the highest, and the methylene blue can be completely degraded in 4 min. In addition, the stability of the composites is also greatly enhanced. After five cycles of testing, the photocatalytic activity of 15%WO3(H2O)0.333/Ag3PO4 is not obviously decreased. However, the degradation efficiency of Ag3PO4 was only 20.2%. This indicates that adding WO3(H2O)0.333 can significantly improve the photoetching resistance of Ag3PO4. Finally, Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism is investigated.展开更多
Fabricated through a newly developed hot-warm rolling process,Zn-0.8 Li(wt%)alloy has ideal strength and ductility far beyond the mechanical benchmark of materials for biodegradable stents.Precipitation of needle-like...Fabricated through a newly developed hot-warm rolling process,Zn-0.8 Li(wt%)alloy has ideal strength and ductility far beyond the mechanical benchmark of materials for biodegradable stents.Precipitation of needle-like Zn in primary p-LiZn4 phase is observed in Zn-Li alloy for the first time.Orientation relationship between them can be described as[1-213]β//[2-1-10](Zn),(10-10)βabout 4.5°from(0002)(Zn).Zn grains with an average size of 640 nm exhibit strong basal texture,detected by transmission electron back-scatter diffraction.Li distribution is determined by three-dimensional atom probe,which reveals the formation of nano-sized metastableα-Li2Zn3 precipitates with a number density of 7.16×10^22 m^-3.The fine lamellar Zn+β-LiZn4 structure,sub-micron grains and the nano-sized precipitates contribute to the superior mechanical properties.展开更多
基金Supported by the Foundation of Health Commission of Hubei Province,No.WJ2019H053Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,No.2023AFB169+1 种基金Foundation of Health Commission of Hubei Province,No.ZY2021Q019Open Fund Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells,Taihe Hospital,No.2024SCOF008.
文摘BACKGROUND Large number of decompensated liver cirrhosis patients in China have been diagnosed with hepatitis B virus(HBV).Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs)can possibly cure decompensated liver cirrhosis because of their self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation potential.AIM To explore the safety and effect of treating liver cirrhosis with HBV by hUC-MSCs.METHODS Twenty-four participants were recruited,divided into 3 groups,and injected with different amounts of hUC-MSCs via the peripheral vein.Therapy was administered 3 times.A 24-week follow-up examination of each patient’s liver function,coagulation function,general condition,and immune system was performed.Adverse events were also recorded.A 2-year survival assessment was subsequently performed.RESULTS Infusion therapy rapidly improved liver function.Serum albumin transiently increased on days 57 and 85 but returned to baseline by day 169,while prothrombin time activity demonstrated sustained improvement from day 29 through day 169.Interleukin-8 levels decreased persistently throughout treatment.All dosage groups achieved 100%6-month survival;2-year survival rates were 66.7%(low-dose),100%(medium-dose),and 87.5%(high-dose).The interaction between dosage and efficacy was weak.Notably,the improvement in liver function was statistically significant and sustained for almost 3 months,suggesting clinically meaningful therapeutic durability.CONCLUSION hUC-MSCs can be considered a safe treatment for patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis associated with HBV.However,larger-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to prove its therapeutic effect.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2023YFC2413800the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province,No.tsqn202306344the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82270580 and No.82070552.
文摘BACKGROUND Early detection of esophageal squamous neoplasms(ESN)is essential for improving patient prognosis.Optical diagnosis of ESN remains challenging.Probebased confocal laser endomicroscopy(pCLE)enables accurate in vivo histological observation and optical biopsy of ESN.However,interpretation of pCLE images requires histopathological expertise and extensive training.Artificial intelligence(AI)has been widely applied in digestive endoscopy;however,AI for pCLE diagnosis of ESN has not been reported.AIM To develop a pCLE computer-aided diagnostic system for ESN and assess its diagnostic performance and assistant efficiency for nonexpert endoscopists.METHODS The intelligent confocal laser endomicroscopy(iCLE)system consists of image recognition(based on inception-ResNet V2),video diagnosis,and quality judgment modules.This system was developed using pCLE images and videos and evaluated through image and prospective video recognition tests.Patients between June 2020 and January 2023 were prospectively enrolled.Expert and nonexpert endoscopists and the iCLE independently performed diagnoses for pCLE videos,with histopathology as the gold standard.Thereafter,the non-expert endoscopists performed a second assessment with iCLE assistance.RESULTS A total of 25056 images from 2803 patients were selected for iCLE training and validation.Another 2442 images from 226 patients were used for testing.iCLE achieved a high accuracy of 98.3%,sensitivity of 95.3%and specificity of 98.8%for diagnosing ESN images.A total of 2581 patients underwent upper gastrointestinal pCLE examination and were prospectively screened;54 patients with suspected ESN were enrolled.Overall,187 videos from 67 lesions were assessed by iCLE,three nonexpert and three expert endoscopists.iCLE achieved a high accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of 90.9%,92.0%,and 90.2%,respectively.Compared to experts,iCLE showed significantly higher sensitivity(92.0%vs 80.4%;P<0.001)and negative predictive value(94.4%vs 87.7%;P=0.003).With iCLE assistance,nonexpert endoscopists showed significant improvements in accuracy(from 83.6%to 88.6%)and sensitivity(from 76.0%to 89.8%).CONCLUSION iCLE system demonstrated high diagnostic performance for ESN.It can assist nonexpert endoscopists in improving the diagnostic efficiency of pCLE for ESN and has the potential for reducing unnecessary biopsies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51931008 and 52201090).
文摘This paper reviews the current state of knowledge and advances on the stress-corrosion cracking(SCC)of Ti alloys subject to harsh corrosive environments in the deep sea,and presents the knowledge gaps and future directions.A comprehensive review of classifications and applications of Ti alloys for deep-sea engineering indicates that the near-αandα+βTi alloys with high strength and great weldability are the primary selection for deep-sea equipment.The role of residual stress,microstructure types,alloying elements and corrosive environmental factors on SCC performance of Ti alloys are also summarised.It is revealed that the Ti alloys with Widmanstatten structure show the lowest SCC susceptibility,and alloying of Nb,Mo and Al elements plays a positive role in the boost corrosion resistance of passive film.Syn-ergistic effects of environmental deep-sea factors include high hydrostatic pressure,low dissolved oxy-gen content,low temperature and decreasing pH levels intensify the SCC of Ti alloys by inducing local dissolution of the passive film and facilitating hydrogen-induced cracking at crack tip.The study also highlights future research requirements in SCC of Ti alloys in deep sea:including the set-up of unified and suitable methods of in-situ and simulated experiments,modeling and predicting of SCC behaviour in real situations,and exploring practical protective strategies specifically.These findings provide a refer-ence for further SCC mechanisms research and promote the microstructure optimisation and performance improvement of the advanced Ti alloy-based material systems for deep-sea engineering.
基金supported by the the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3803500)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2021CFA066).
文摘Micron-sized silicon(μSi)is a promising anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity,low cost,and abundant reserves.However,the volume expansion that occurs during cycling leads to the accumulation of undesirable stresses,resulting in pulverization of silicon microparticles and shortened lifespan of the batteries.Herein,a composite film of Cu-PET-Cu is proposed as the current collector(CC)forμSi anodes to replace the conventional Cu CC.Cu-PET-Cu CC is prepared by depositing Cu on both sides of a polyethylene terephthalate(PET)film.The PET layer promises good ductility of the film,permitting the Cu-PET-Cu CC to accommodate the volumetric changes of silicon microparticles and facilitates the stress release through ductile deformation.As a result,theμSi electrode with Cu-PET-Cu CC retains a high specific capacity of 2181 mA h g^(-1),whereas theμSi electrode with Cu CC(μSi/Cu)exhibits a specific capacity of 1285 mA h g^(-1)after 80 cycles.The stress relieving effect of CuPET-Cu was demonstrated by in-situ fiber optic stress monitoring and multi-physics simulations.This work proposes an effective stress relief strategy at the electrode level for the practical implementation ofμSi anodes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172238,52102304,51902264)Open Project of Shaanxi Laboratory of Aerospace Power(2021SXSYS-01-03)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3102019JC0005)。
文摘Lithium salt-based hole transport layer(HTL)dopants commonly used in perovskite solar cells(PSCs)are known to negatively impact stability due to their intrinsic hygroscopic properties and ion migration.In this study,we introduce an ammonium salt,p-methoxyphenylethylamine bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfoni mide(MPT),as a novel dual-function dopant for the HTL in PSCs.The chemical interaction between MPT and the widely used HTL material spiro-OMeTAD generates high concentrations of spiroOMeTAD^(+)radicals,effectively enhancing the doping of spiro-OMeTAD.Additionally,MPT reacts with the perovskite layer,forming a 2D perovskite structure at the perovskite/HTL interface,which passivates defects and suppresses interfacial ion migration.As a result,PSCs with MPT doping achieved a remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 25.52%for small-area devices(0.045 cm^(2))and 21.01%for mini-modules(16.8 cm^(2)).Moreover,the incorporation of MPT significantly enhances the moisture,light,and thermal stability of the PSCs by eliminating Li^(+)and suppressing I-migration.Notably,PSCs with MPT-doped PTAA retained 84%of their initial PCE after 1,300 h of aging at 60℃in a nitrogen-filled glovebox.Our work presents a unique doping strategy for the HTL in PSCs,offering a promising approach to simultaneously improve both the stability and efficiency of these devices.
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Nos.2232037 and 2242035)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22005012,22105012 and 51803183)+1 种基金Chunhui Plan Cooperative Project of Ministry of Education(No.202201298)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(No.2023M733520).
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries with high energy density and capacity have garnered significant research attention among various energy storage devices.However,the shuttle effect of polysulfides(LiPSs)remains a major challenge for their practical application.The design of battery separators has become a key aspect in addressing the challenge.MXenes,a promising two-dimensional(2D)material,offer exceptional conductivity,large surface area,high mechanical strength,and active sites for surface reactions.When assembled into layered films,MXenes form highly tunable two-dimensional channels ranging from a few angstroms to over 1 nm.These nanoconfined channels are instrumental in facilitating lithium-ion transport while effectively impeding the shuttle effect of LiPSs,which are essential for improving the specific capacity and cyclic stability of Li-S batteries.Substantial progress has been made in developing MXenes-based separators for Li-S batteries,yet there remains a research gap in summarizing advancements from the perspective of interlayer engineering.This entails maintaining the 2D nanochannels of layered MXenes-based separators while modulating the physicochemical environment within the MXenes interlayers through targeted modifications.This review highlights advancements in in situ modification of MXenes and their integration with 0D,1D,and 2D materials to construct laminated nanocomposite separators for Li-S batteries.The future development directions of MXenes-based materials in Li-S energy storage devices are also outlined,to drive further advancements in MXenes for Li-S battery separators.
文摘Objective:This study aims to investigate the current status of self-care abilities among hearing-impaired cancer patients and analyze the associated influencing factors.Based on these findings,this study aims to provide a theoretical foundation for developing targeted medical care and health education interventions for this population,ultimately formulating a practical nursing program tailored to their unique needs.Methods:A convenience sampling method was employed to recruit 116 hearing-impaired cancer patients who met the inclusion criteria.Data collection involved 3 standardized tools:a self-designed demographic questionnaire,the Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale(ESCA),and the Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS).Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the baseline characteristics,while multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify significant predictors of self-care ability.Results:The cross-sectional survey revealed that participants had an average ESCA score of 99.55±19.53 and a mean PSSS score of 58.14±9.32.Statistical analysis identified several key factors influencing self-care ability,including the presence/absence of aphasia(P<0.001);Duration of hearing loss(P<0.01);Place of daily residence(P<0.001);Communication methods(P<0.05);Family economic status(P<0.001);and Perceived level of social support(P<0.001).Conclusions:Hearing-impaired cancer patients exhibit moderate self-care abilities overall.There is a positive correlation between perceived social support levels and self-care ability.Critical predictors of self-care ability include demographic characteristics(residential status,duration of hearing loss),clinical features(aphasia),communication patterns,educational attainment,and socioeconomic status.This study provides valuable insights for developing targeted interventions to enhance self-care capabilities in hearing-impaired cancer patients,emphasizing the importance of addressing both personal and environmental factors.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52075554)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2022JJ20070)+1 种基金Innovation-Driven Research Program of Central South University of China(Grant No.2023CXQD049)State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing of China(Grant No.ZZYJKT2021-07)。
文摘Current research on localized raceway defects of angular contact ball bearings(ACBB)mainly focuses on assuming that localized raceway defects are cube-shaped defects characterized using a half-sine displacement excitation function.However,the assumption of a cube-shaped defect cannot accurately reflect the morphological characteristics of a localized raceway defect,and the half-sine displacement excitation function cannot be used to accurately describe the relationship between the geometric positions of rolling element and raceway in the region of localized raceway defects.In this study,a comprehensive dynamic model of an ACBB considering a three-dimensional localized raceway defect is established based on the nonlinear Hertz contact theory in conjunction with the outer raceway control theory using the improved Newton–Raphson iteration method.Three localized raceway defect distribution types,namely symmetric,offset,and deflection distributions,are considered.The established model is verified by comparing the results of the proposed model with those of existing literature.The dynamic characteristics of the ACBB were analyzed by investigating the effects of the geometrical size and distribution types on the time-varying contact angles,contact forces,and diagonal stiffness of the ACBB.The investigation results show that the appearance of localized raceway defect leads to the time-varying curves of contact angles,contact forces and diagonal stiffness havingΛ-and V-shaped mutations in some time intervals;The variation tendencies of theΛ-and V-shaped mutations are significant with the increase in defect radial depth H,defect axial width a and angular distanceθ_b.The increase in defect eccentric distance L is beneficial to the rolling elements disengaging from the defect area and it can weaken the influence of localized raceway defect on the time-varying contact and stiffness characteristics of ACBB.The time-varying contact and stiffness characteristics appear to change significantly when the defect deflection angleα_βincrease toα_γ.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the fault diagnosis of localized raceway defects in ACBB.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52175259)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University.
文摘Rollover accidents involving agricultural wheeled robots,accompanied by severe mechanical impacts,pose serious threats to operational safety and reduce functional efficiency.To address this issue,an active rollover prevention strategy is proposed,utilizing a single‐gimbal control moment gyro(SGCMG),to stabilize typical agricultural robots and prevent potential rollovers.To match the free oscillation of the pivot front axle,a novel recovery torque model of the coupled robot‐SGCMG system is established,in which two patterns are introduced to refine the rollover process with uncertain parameters.Additionally,a lateral stability index is adopted and analyzed to assess the hazard level of potential rollovers.Aimed at handling uncertain parameters and hazard levels,an adaptive backstepping control strategy is developed for real‐time anti‐rollover implementation.Within this strategy,control gains are adaptively tuned based on theoretical derivations,thereby suppressing rollover tendency while minimizing tuning effort.For verification,a scaled experimental platform,designed according to similarity theory,is constructed to ensure safety of personnel and equipment.Experimental results show that the proposed method can precisely regulate the output torque of the gyro,rapidly and effectively mitigating the risk of imminent rollover.This method provides a promising solution for wheeled robot stability and a theoretical basis for advanced safety control in agricultural robotics.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52373296 and 52173287)。
文摘Enhancing the lubricating properties and antibacterial adhesion resistance of implantable medical materials is critical to prevent soft tissue injury during implantation and the formation of bacterial biofilms.Prior studies may have exhibited limitations in the preparation methodologies and long-term stability of coatings for implantable medical materials.In this study,we developed a multilayered hybrid hydrogel coating method based on the rate difference of polymerization initiation on the material surface.The acquired coating with persistent lubrication capability retained its functionality after 2×10^(4) cycles of friction and 21 days of PBS immersion.A quaternary ammonium salt coating with antibacterial properties was introduced to further functionalize the coating.Animal experiments demonstrated that this coating exhibited remarkable effects on delaying encrustation and bacterial colonization.These studies indicate that this simple method of introducing lubricating and antibacterial coatings on catheters is likely to enhance the biocompatibility of medical devices and has broad application prospects in this field of medical devices.
基金supports from China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists(62425505)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20206)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M731188)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2024BRA012).
文摘With the rapid development of lithium batteries,it’s of great significance to ensure the safe use of it.An ultrasound imaging system based on fiber optic ultrasound sensor has been developed to monitor the internal changes of lithium batteries.Based on Fabry-Perot interferometer(FPI)structure which is made of a glass plate and an optical fiber pigtail,the ultrasound imaging system possesses a high sensitivity of 558 mV/kPa at 500 kHz with the noise equivalent pressure(NEP)of only 63.5 mPa.For the frequency response,the ultrasound sensitivity is higher than 13.1 mV/kPa within the frequency range from 50 kHz to 1 MHz.Meanwhile,the battery imaging system based on the proposed sensor has a superior resolution as high as 0.5 mm.The performance of battery safety monitoring is verified,in which three commercial lithium-ion ferrous phosphate/graphite(LFP||Gr)batteries are imaged and the state of health(SOH)for different batteries is obtained.Besides,the wetting process of an anode-free lithium metal batteries(AFLMB)is clearly observed via the proposed system,in which the formation process of the pouch cell is analyzed and the gas-related"unwetting"condition is discovered,representing a significant advancement in battery health monitoring field.In the future,the commercial usage can be realized when sensor array and artificial intelligence technology are adopted.
基金supported by the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42275190)。
文摘Soil fugitive dust(SFD)is characterized by a variety of sources and considerable spatialtemporal variability,exerting a significant impact on environmental air quality and ecological systems in cities across northern China.Multiple factors can shape SFD emission.Nevertheless,the current comprehension of its critical impact factors and quantitative methodologies remains constrained.This study utilizes interpretable machine learning techniques to identify the principal impact factors of SFD and their interactions while delineating their action thresholds.The findings reveal seasonal variations in impact factors and emphasize the substantial effect of bare soil source strength on SFD,including parameters such as bare soil area and soil moisture.Consequently,the Wind Erosion Equation model is optimized following these findings to localize its parameters and improve its capability to calculate hourly SFD emissions.The case application is validated using observational data,demonstrating the reliability and precision of the optimized methodology.This study provides insights and solutions for the local optimization of SFD parameterization schemes and further supports the formulation of precise prevention and control policies for SFD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32271043(to ZW)and 82171047(to YM)the both Science and Technology Major Project of Shanghai,No.2018SHZDZX01 and ZJLabShanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology(to ZW)。
文摘Downregulation of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 is a key step for inducing retinal Müller cell activation and interaction with other glial cells,which is involved in retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in glaucoma.Modulation of Kir4.1 expression in Müller cells may therefore be a potential strategy for attenuating retinal ganglion cell damage in glaucoma.In this study,we identified seven predicted phosphorylation sites in Kir4.1 and constructed lentiviral expression systems expressing Kir4.1 mutated at each site to prevent phosphorylation.Following this,we treated Müller glial cells in vitro and in vivo with the m Glu R I agonist DHPG to induce Kir4.1 or Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression.We found that both Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression inhibited activation of Müller glial cells.Subsequently,we established a rat model of chronic ocular hypertension by injecting microbeads into the anterior chamber and overexpressed Kir4.1 or Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp in the eye,and observed similar results in Müller cells in vivo as those seen in vitro.Both Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression inhibited Müller cell activation,regulated the balance of Bax/Bcl-2,and reduced the m RNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory factors,including interleukin-1βand tumor necrosis factor-α.Furthermore,we investigated the regulatory effects of Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression on the release of pro-inflammatory factors in a co-culture system of Müller glial cells and microglia.In this co-culture system,we observed elevated adenosine triphosphate concentrations in activated Müller cells,increased levels of translocator protein(a marker of microglial activation),and elevated interleukin-1βm RNA and protein levels in microglia induced by activated Müller cells.These changes could be reversed by Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression in Müller cells.Kir4.1 overexpression,but not Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression,reduced the number of proliferative and migratory microglia induced by activated Müller cells.Collectively,these results suggest that the tyrosine residue at position nine in Kir4.1 may serve as a functional modulation site in the retina in an experimental model of glaucoma.Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression attenuated Müller cell activation,reduced ATP/P2X receptor–mediated interactions between glial cells,inhibited microglial activation,and decreased the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory factors,consequently ameliorating retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in glaucoma.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81603686,81603684the High School Science and Technology Fund Planning Project of Tianjin of China,No.20120211+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin of China(Key Program),No.15JCZDJC36700,16JCZDJC37500the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin of China,No.17JCYBJC26200
文摘Acupuncture can improve the cognitive state of Alzheimer＇s disease, but its mechanism is not clear. Dendritic atrophy and synaptic loss in Alzheimer＇s disease brain are positively correlated with cognitive damage. Therefore, we speculated that the effect of acupuncture on improving cognitive function may be associated with reduced dendritic damage in the brain. Acupuncture at Qihai（CV6）, Zhongwan（CV12）, Danzhong（CV17）, bilateral Zusanli（ST36）, and bilateral Xuehai（SP10） acupoints was performed once a day（1-day rest after 6-day treatment） for 14 consecutive days. Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8（SAMP8） mice without acupuncture and senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1（SAMR1） mice were used as normal controls. After 14 days of treatment, spatial learning and memory ability of mice was assessed in each group using the Morris water maze. Dendritic changes of pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1 region were analyzed by quantitative Golgi staining. Our results showed that acupuncture shortened escape latency and lengthened retention time of the former platform quadrant in SAMP8 mice. Further, SAMP8 mice exhibited a significant increase in the number of apical and basal dendritic branches and total length of apical and basal dendrites after acupuncture. These results suggest that acupuncture improves spatial learning and memory ability of middle-aged SAMP8 mice by ameliorating dendritic structure.Acupuncture can improve the cognitive state of Alzheimer＇s disease, but its mechanism is not clear. Dendritic atrophy and synaptic loss in Alzheimer＇s disease brain are positively correlated with cognitive damage. Therefore, we speculated that the effect of acupuncture on im- proving cognitive function may be associated with reduced dendritic damage in the brain. Acupuncture at Qihai （CV6）, Zhongwan （CV 12）, Danzhong （CV17）, bilateral Zusanli （ST36）, and bilateral Xuehai （SP10） acupoints was performed once a day （1-day rest after 6-day treat- ment） for 14 consecutive days. Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 （SAMP8） mice without acupuncture and senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1 （SAMR1） mice were used as normal controls. After 14 days of treatment, spatial learning and memory ability of mice was assessed in each group using the Morris water maze. Dendritic changes of pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1 region were analyzed by quantitative Golgi staining. Our results showed that acupuncture shortened escape latency and lengthened retention time of the former platform quadrant in SAMP8 mice. Further, SAMP8 mice exhibited a significant increase in the number of apical and basal dendritic branches and total length of apical and basal dendrites after acupuncture. These results suggest that acupuncture improves spatial learning and memory ability of middle-aged SAMP8 mice by ameliorating dendritic structure.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.2014ZRB01466
文摘AIM To explore the exact interaction between Notch and transforming growth factor(TGF)-β signaling in liver fibrosis. METHODS We established a rat model of liver fibrosis induced by concanavalin A. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) were isolated from the modeled rats, and cultured with γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT and TGF-β inhibitor for 24 h. The m RNA levels of Notch and TGF-β signaling were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Expression of Notch and TGF-β proteins was analyzed by western blotting.RESULTS Compared to control rats, Notch and TGF-β signaling was activated in PBMCs of model rats. Administration of DAPT and TGF-β inhibitor suppressed Notch and TGF-β signal transducer in PBMCs of model rats. DAPT reduced m RNA and protein expression of TGF-β signaling, such as TGF-β1 and Smad3. TGF-β inhibitor also downregulated Notch1, Hes1 and Hes5, and m RNA and protein expression of the Notch signaling pathway.CONCLUSION Notch and TGF-β signaling play a role in liver fibrosis. TGF-β signaling upregulates Notch signaling, which promotes TGF-β signaling.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81370590
文摘AIM To investigate the effect of metformin on activated hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) and the possible signaling pathways involved. METHODS A fibrotic mouse model was generated by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride(CCl_4) and subsequent treatment with or without metformin. The level of fibrosis was detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining, Sirius Red staining, and immunohistochemistry. The HSC cell line LX-2 was used for in vitro studies. The effect of metformin on cell proliferation(CCK8 assay),motility(scratch test and Transwell assay), contraction(collagen gel contraction assay), extracellular matrix(ECM) secretion(Western blot), and angiogenesis(ELISA and tube formation assay) was investigated. We also analyzed the possible signaling pathways involved by Western blot analysis.RESULTS Mice developed marked liver fibrosis after intraperitoneal injection with CCl_4 for 6 wk. Metformin decreased the activation of HSCs, reduced the deposition of ECM, and inhibited angiogenesis in CCl_4-treated mice. Platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) promoted the fibrogenic response of HSCs in vitro, while metformin inhibited the activation, proliferation, migration, and contraction of HSCs, and reduced the secretion of ECM. Metformin decreased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in HSCs through inhibition of hypoxia inducible factor(HIF)-1α in both PDGF-BB treatment and hypoxic conditions, and it down-regulated VEGF secretion by HSCs and inhibited HSC-based angiogenesis in hypoxic conditions in vitro. The inhibitory effects of metformin on activated HSCs were mediated by inhibiting the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK) pathways via the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK).CONCLUSION Metformin attenuates the fibrogenic response of HSCs in vivo and in vitro, and may therefore be useful for the treatment of chronic liver diseases.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81571642,No.81701657,and No.81771801the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.2017KFYXJJ126
文摘BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance enterography(MRE) is increasingly attractive as a noninvasive and radiation-free tool for assessing Crohn’s disease(CD). Diffusionweighted imaging(DWI) is recommended as an optional MRE sequence for CD by the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology, and has shown a superb potential as a quantitative modality for bowel inflammation evaluation. However, the measurement reproducibility of quantitative DWI analysis in MRE has not been ascertained so far. To facilitate the application of quantitative diffusion-weighted MRE in the clinical routine, systematic investigations of the intra and interobserver reproducibility of DWI quantitative parameters should be performed.AIM To evaluate the intra and interobserver reproducibility of quantitative analysis for diffusion-weighted MRE(DW-MRE) in ileal CD.METHODS Forty-four subjects(21 with CD and 23 control subjects) who underwent ileocolonoscopy and DW-MRE(b = 800 s/mm2) within one week were included.Two radiologists independently measured apparent diffusion coefficients(ADC)of the terminal ileum and signal intensity ratio(SR) of the terminal ileum to ipsilateral psoas muscle on DWI images(b = 800 s/mm2). Between-and withinreader agreements were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients(ICC),coefficients of variation(CoV), and 95% limits of agreement of Bland-Altman plots(BA-LA LoA). Diagnostic performances of ADC and SR for identifying inflamed terminal ileum from the normal were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis.RESULTS There were no significant differences in ADC or SR values between the two sessions or between the two radiologists either in the CD or control group(paired t-test, P > 0.05). The intra and interobserver reproducibility of ADC(ICC: 0.952-0.984;CoV: 3.73-6.28%;BA-LA LoA: ±11.27% to ±15.88%) and SR(ICC: 0.969-0.989;CoV: 3.51%-4.64%;BA-LA LoA: ±10.62% to ±15.45%) was excellent for CD.Agreement of ADC measurements was slightly less in control subjects(ICC:0.641-0.736;CoV: 10.47%-11.43%;BA-LA LoA: ± 26.59% to ± 30.83%). SR of normal terminal ileum demonstrated high intra and interobserver reproducibility(ICC: 0.944-0.974;CoV: 3.73%-6.28%;BA-LA LoA: ± 18.58% to ± 24.43%). ADC and SR of two readers had outstanding diagnostic efficiencies(area under the ROC curve: 0.923-0.988).CONCLUSION Quantitative parameters derived from DW-MRE have good to excellent intra and interobserver agreements with high diagnostic accuracy, and can serve as robust and efficient quantitative biomarkers for CD evaluation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51572103 and 51502106)the Distinguished Young Scholar of Anhui Province(1808085J14)+2 种基金the Foundation for Young Talents in College of Anhui Province(gxyqZD2017051)the Key Foundation of Educational Commission of Anhui Province(KJ2016SD53)the Innovation Team of Design and Application of Advanced Energetic Materials(KJ2015TD003)~~
文摘Ag3PO4 is widely used in the field of photocatalysis because of its unique activity. However, photocorrosion limits its practical application. Therefore, it is very urgent to find a solution to improve the light corrosion resistance of Ag3PO4. Herein, the Z-scheme WO3(H2O)0.333/Ag3PO4 composites are successfully prepared through microwave hydrothermal and simple stirring. The WO3(H2O)0.333/Ag3PO4 composites are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. In the degradation of organic pollutants, WO3(H2O)0.333/Ag3PO4 composites exhibit excellent performance under visible light. This is mainly attributed to the synergy of WO3(H2O)0.333 and Ag3PO4. Especially, the photocatalytic activity of 15%WO3(H2O)0.333/Ag3PO4 is the highest, and the methylene blue can be completely degraded in 4 min. In addition, the stability of the composites is also greatly enhanced. After five cycles of testing, the photocatalytic activity of 15%WO3(H2O)0.333/Ag3PO4 is not obviously decreased. However, the degradation efficiency of Ag3PO4 was only 20.2%. This indicates that adding WO3(H2O)0.333 can significantly improve the photoetching resistance of Ag3PO4. Finally, Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism is investigated.
基金supported financially by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2016YFC1102500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51871020)
文摘Fabricated through a newly developed hot-warm rolling process,Zn-0.8 Li(wt%)alloy has ideal strength and ductility far beyond the mechanical benchmark of materials for biodegradable stents.Precipitation of needle-like Zn in primary p-LiZn4 phase is observed in Zn-Li alloy for the first time.Orientation relationship between them can be described as[1-213]β//[2-1-10](Zn),(10-10)βabout 4.5°from(0002)(Zn).Zn grains with an average size of 640 nm exhibit strong basal texture,detected by transmission electron back-scatter diffraction.Li distribution is determined by three-dimensional atom probe,which reveals the formation of nano-sized metastableα-Li2Zn3 precipitates with a number density of 7.16×10^22 m^-3.The fine lamellar Zn+β-LiZn4 structure,sub-micron grains and the nano-sized precipitates contribute to the superior mechanical properties.
