In China, liver transplantation is an important discipline in the field of organ transplantation. China Liver Transplant Registry (CLTR) is a scientific project that has been set up to advance surgical techniques and ...In China, liver transplantation is an important discipline in the field of organ transplantation. China Liver Transplant Registry (CLTR) is a scientific project that has been set up to advance surgical techniques and procedures and to improve both short-and long-term post-transplant follow-up and outcome of the liver recipients. CLTR also serves as a robust data support platform for the National Liver Transplant Quality Control Center in the quest to upscale its quality control protocols. The mission of CLTR is to register all liver transplantation activities in the mainland of China and to conduct scientific analyses of the collected data. The huge number of compiled cases and the scientific research conducted over the past decade based on this database drastically revolutionized the clinical practice in the country. All CLTR activities and projects will be a guarantee to foster progresses of liver transplantation in China in a more scientific way, to standardize the systematic care in the field of liver transplantation.展开更多
Tumor recurrence, the Gordian knot of liver transplantation for malignancies, may be attributed to many parameters. The technique of the “classical” recipient hepatectomy is believed to be one of the potential reaso...Tumor recurrence, the Gordian knot of liver transplantation for malignancies, may be attributed to many parameters. The technique of the “classical” recipient hepatectomy is believed to be one of the potential reasons to cause tumor evasion because of the possible increase of circulating tumor cells, thus leading to an increased recurrent rate. On this background, the no-touch oncological recipient hepatectomy technique has been developed. A comprehensive review of the development and the key surgical steps of the no-touch recipient hepatectomy is presented. This technique might improve clinical outcomes, especially for those recipients who are at a high risk for tumor recurrence. Multicenter prospective studies should be set up to further validate the prognostic role of this technique in patients with liver cancer treated with liver transplantation.展开更多
This study utilizes radio occultation observations from the Macao Science Satellite-1 mission(MSS-1)to investigate ionospheric response to the May 2024 G5 geomagnetic storm within the South Atlantic Anomaly(SAA)region...This study utilizes radio occultation observations from the Macao Science Satellite-1 mission(MSS-1)to investigate ionospheric response to the May 2024 G5 geomagnetic storm within the South Atlantic Anomaly(SAA)region.The distinctive data from MSS-1,complemented by observations from the ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)and the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere,and Climate follow-on satellite mission(COSMIC-2),reveal a super plasma fountain effect during the main phase of the storm.This effect was marked by peaks in the equatorial ionization anomaly that extended beyond their typical latitude range.The MSS-1 observations,particularly in the northern hemisphere of the SAA region,confirm the role of prompt penetration electric fields in driving ionospheric disturbances and amplifying scintillation at higher altitudes.The study also identifies a decrease in total electron content and a reduction in scintillation occurrence during the recovery phase of the storm.The results demonstrate the pivotal role that MSS-1 observations can play,when combined with ground-based and COSMIC-2 observations,in providing a more comprehensive understanding of ionospheric response to severe geomagnetic storms.展开更多
A comprehensive understanding of the relevance between molecular structure and passivation ability to screen efficient modifiers is essential for enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Here,three si...A comprehensive understanding of the relevance between molecular structure and passivation ability to screen efficient modifiers is essential for enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Here,three similarπ-πstacking molecules namely benzophenone(BPN),diphenyl sulfone(DPS),and diphenyl sulfoxide(DPSO)are used as back-interface modifiers in carbon-based CsPbBr_(3)PSCs.After investigation,the results demonstrate the positive effect of the p-πconjugation characteristic inπ-πstacking molecules on maximizing their passivation ability.The p-πco njugation of DPSO enables a higher coordinative activity of oxygen atom in its S=O group than that in 0=S=O group of DPS and C=O group of BPN,which gives a superior passivation effect of DPSO on defects of perovskite films.The modification of DPSO also significantly improves the p-type behavior of perovskite films and the back-interfacial energetics matching,inducing an increase of hole extraction and a decrease of energy loss.Finally,the unencapsulated carbon-based CsPbBr_(3)PSCs with DPSO achieve a maximum power conversion efficiency of 10.60%and outstanding long-term stability in high-temperature,high-humidity(85℃,85%relative humidity)air environment.This work provides insights into the influence of the structure ofπ-πstacking molecules on their ability to improve the perovskite films quality and therefore the PSCs performance.展开更多
To the Editor:Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the second most frequent cause of cancer-related death globally.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)accounts for 90%of primary liver cancers with the highest inc...To the Editor:Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the second most frequent cause of cancer-related death globally.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)accounts for 90%of primary liver cancers with the highest incidence in China(more than 50%of all cases worldwide)[1].Liver transplantation(LT)is regarded as an optimal therapy for selected HCC patients.The Milan criteria are the benchmark for candidate selection that ensure excellent prognosis for patients with HCC[2].The Hangzhou criteria expand 51.5%more of Milan criteria for LT candidates with comparable posttransplant survivals[3].However,LT recipients fulfilling Milan criteria or Hangzhou criteria are at the risk of up to 13%−18%HCC recurrence rate within five years[4].Only 25%−50%of recurrent HCC patients post-LT are eligible for surgical treatment which have consistently presented favored survival benefit than systemic therapy[5].展开更多
Innovative anti-cancer therapies that activate the immune system show promise in combating cancers resistant to conventional treatments.Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is one such treatment,which not only directly eliminates...Innovative anti-cancer therapies that activate the immune system show promise in combating cancers resistant to conventional treatments.Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is one such treatment,which not only directly eliminates tumor cells but also functions as an in situ tumor vaccine by enhancing tumor immunogenicity and triggering anti-tumor immune responses through immunogenic cell death(ICD).However,the effectiveness of PDT in enhancing immune responses is influenced by factors,such as photosensitizers and the tumor microenvironment,particularly hypoxia.Current clinically used PDT heavily relies on oxygen(O_(2))availability and can be limited by tumor hypoxia.Additionally,the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment induced by hypoxia affects the anti-tumor immunity of tumor-infiltrating effector T cells.Meanwhile,the immunosuppressive myeloid-lineage cells are recruited to the hypoxic tumor tissue and exhibit higher immunosuppressive capabilities under hypoxia conditions.Consequently,numerous strategies have been developed to modulate tumor hypoxia or to create hypoxia-compatible PDT,aiming to reduce the effects of tumor hypoxia on PDT-driven immunotherapy.This review investigates these strategies,including approaches to alleviate,exploit,and disregard tumor hypoxia within the context of PDT/immunotherapy.It also emphasizes the role of advanced nanomedicine and its benefits in these strategies,while outlining current challenges and future prospects in the field.展开更多
The accurate identification and diagnosis of chemical process faults are crucial for ensuring the safe and stable operation of production plants.The current hot topic in industrial process fault diagnosis research is ...The accurate identification and diagnosis of chemical process faults are crucial for ensuring the safe and stable operation of production plants.The current hot topic in industrial process fault diagnosis research is data-driven methods.Most of the existing fault diagnosis methods focus on a single shallow or deep learning model.This paper proposes a novel hybrid fault diagnosis method to fully utilize various features to improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis.Furthermore,the method addresses the issue of incomplete data,which has been largely overlooked in the majority of existing research.Firstly,the variable data is effectively fitted using orthogonal non-negative matrix tri-factorization,and the missing data in the matrix is solved to construct a complete production condition relationship.Next,the support vector machine model and the deep residual contraction network model are trained in parallel to prediagnose process faults by mining linear and non-linear interaction features.Finally,a novel mapping relationship is established between the result and model levels using the multi-layer perceptron algorithm to complete the final diagnosis and evaluation of the fault.To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method,we conducted extensive comparative experiments on the Tennessee Eastman dataset and the ethylene plant cracking unit dataset.The experimental results show that the method has advantages in different evaluation metrics.展开更多
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like structures of DNA and proteins that are released by activated neutrophils. While originally identified as antimicrobial defense mechanisms, NETs are now recognized as...Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like structures of DNA and proteins that are released by activated neutrophils. While originally identified as antimicrobial defense mechanisms, NETs are now recognized as key modulators of tumor progression. NETs interact with the tumor microenvironment and metabolic pathways in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which promotes immune evasion and metastasis. This review explores the interplay between NET formation and metabolic reprogramming in RCC, highlighting the implications for immunotherapy resistance and therapeutic targeting. NET-associated signaling, immunometabolism disruption, and current strategies to inhibit NETs in preclinical and clinical settings are discussed. Targeting NETs may represent a promising adjunct in RCC therapy, particularly when integrated with immune checkpoint blockade.展开更多
The double-sided lapping process is extensively employed in the manufacturing of wafers,optical windows,and seal rings due to its high efficiency and ability to achieve precise flatness.However,limited research has ex...The double-sided lapping process is extensively employed in the manufacturing of wafers,optical windows,and seal rings due to its high efficiency and ability to achieve precise flatness.However,limited research has explored the thickness uniformity among different workpieces after double-sided lapping,and the underlying mechanism remains unclear.To address the demand for higher precision,this paper first analyzed the relative kinematic model between the workpiece and the lapping plate to clarify the causes of thickness variations among workpieces after double-sided lapping.Subsequently,a finite element method(FEM)model was developed to account for the pressure distribution on the workpiece surfaces at the initial stage of the process.The results indicate that the number of workpieces influences the final thickness variation.Then,various sets of thin copper plates with different thicknesses were lapped,and the findings revealed that five copper plates processed simultaneously exhibited more uniform thickness compared to the three plates.The experimental results align well with the theoretical analysis.Ultimately,a thickness variation of less than 6μm was achieved on five copper plates measuringΦ100×2.9 mm.This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms influencing thickness uniformity in the double-sided lapping process and provides practical guidelines for optimizing the process to achieve stringent precision standards in industrial applications.展开更多
Redox dyshomeostasis is a critical factor in the initiation of numerous diseases,making the accurate evaluation of the redox status of the cellular environment an important aspect of physiological research.However,mai...Redox dyshomeostasis is a critical factor in the initiation of numerous diseases,making the accurate evaluation of the redox status of the cellular environment an important aspect of physiological research.However,maintaining redox homeostasis relies on a complex and dynamic physiological system involving multiple substrate-enzyme interactions,so its accurately detection remains a challenge.With this research,we developed an activable fiuorescence switching platform by incorporating different conjugate acceptors to a fiuorophore using ester bonds and resulting in fiuorescence quenching due to donor-excited photo-induced electron transfer(d-Pe T),which was confirmed through density functional theory calculations.The reaction-based probe was deployed for recognizing all major intracellular reducing sulfur species(RSS),including H_(2)S,cysteine(Cys),homocysteine(Hcy),glutathione(GSH),and protein free thiols.The quenched fiuorescence was significantly recovered by RSS,through releasing the fiuorophore and diminishing the d-Pe T effect.Furthermore,the fiuorescent probe was used for the sensing and imaging RSS in living cells,demonstrating good cell-permeability,low cytotoxicity,and negative correlation with reactive oxygen species content,enabling the evaluating of global thiols redox state in Hep G2 cellular lines during ferroptosis processes.展开更多
The organics containing multiple Lewis base groups are commonly used as additives to build high-quality perovskite film to improve the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,the relationship between the s...The organics containing multiple Lewis base groups are commonly used as additives to build high-quality perovskite film to improve the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,the relationship between the synergistic effects of the multifunctional groups induced by the molecular configuration of the additives and their effect remains to be probed.Herein,the isomeric additives of 2-amino-5-iodobenzoic acid(O-IA)and 4-amino-3-iodobenzoic acid(P-IA)are selected to in detail explore the impact of molecular conformation on their modulation of perovskite film quality.Theoretical and experimental analyses reveal that compared to the adsorption effect formed by the para-position–C=O and–NH_(2)groups in P-IA with the adjacent lead ions in the perovskite lattice,the multidentate chelating constituted by the ortho-position–C=O and–NH_(2)groups in O-IA with the single lead ions results in its a stronger bonding with the perovskite precursor and the(110)plane of perovskite,which modulates the crystallization and preferential growth of the perovskite film.Additionally,the stronger intermolecular interactions of O-IA and its bonding with perovskite than P-IA more effectively release the strain of perovskite film.Therefore,the O-IA-treated perovskite film exhibits substantially enhanced oriented crystallization,reduced residual strain and defect states,and improved energy level matching.As a result,the unencapsulated air-processed carbon-based PSCs with O-IA achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 17.50%and superior stability after 480 h of aging in air at 50℃,20%relative humidity(RH)and at 25℃,85%RH.展开更多
Membrane desalination is an economical and energy-efficient method to meet the current worldwide water scarcity.However,state-of-the-art reverse osmosis membranes are gradually being replaced by novel membrane materia...Membrane desalination is an economical and energy-efficient method to meet the current worldwide water scarcity.However,state-of-the-art reverse osmosis membranes are gradually being replaced by novel membrane materials as a result of ongoing technological advancements.These novel materials possess intrinsic pore structures or can be assembled to form lamellar membrane channels for selective transport of water or solutes(e.g.,NaCl).Still,in real applications,the results fall below the theoretical predictions,and a few properties,including large-scale fabrication,mechanical strength,and chemical stability,also have an impact on the overall effectiveness of those materials.In view of this,we develop a new evaluation framework in the form of radar charts with five dimensions(i.e.,water permeance,water/NaCl selectivity,membrane cost,scale of development,and stability)to assess the advantages,disadvantages,and potential of state-of-the-art and newly developed desalination membranes.In this framework,the reported thin film nanocomposite membranes and membranes developed from novel materials were compared with the state-of-the-art thin film composite membranes.This review will demonstrate the current advancements in novel membrane materials and bridge the gap between different desalination membranes.In this review,we also point out the prospects and challenges of next-generation membranes for desalination applications.We believe that this comprehensive framework may be used as a future reference for designing next-generation desalination membranes and will encourage further research and development in the field of membrane technology,leading to new insights and advancements.展开更多
AIM:To provide a comprehensive review of the advances in research on diabetes-associated dry eye(DADE),highlighting its pathophysiological mechanisms,risk factors,and demographic characteristics,laying the foundation ...AIM:To provide a comprehensive review of the advances in research on diabetes-associated dry eye(DADE),highlighting its pathophysiological mechanisms,risk factors,and demographic characteristics,laying the foundation for further investigation into its pathogenesis and treatment strategies.METHODS:A systemic review of the documents related to DADE had been performed based on the Web of Science database prior to achieving the plain text files of authors,titles,journals,and abstracts which afterwards had been imported into Citespace and VOSviewer software for data cleansing.The visual analysis was implemented from the following aspects:journals’publications,author and national cooperation,keyword co-occurrence,timeline analysis,and burst detection.RESULTS:The 318 documents in 167 journals had been incorporated with the overall annual citations and annual publications respectively growing significantly since 2014 and 2016.The keyword co-occurrence networks formed 4 clusters,with the representative keywords being dry eye,diabetes mellitus,prevalence,and diabetic retinopathy.Both the timeline map and the burst detection demonstrated that in the exploration of the pathogenesis of DADE,initial research was dedicated to Sjögren’s syndrome,followed by cross-sectional statistical analysis of the pertinent contributing factors of DADE using online databases.Precisely the oxidative stress seemed to surge into the research spotlight presently.The key pathogenic mechanisms of DADE include inflammation,oxidative stress and corneal neuropathy,contributing to the development of dry eye symptoms.CONCLUSION:Age,gender,diabetes duration,and diabetic retinopathy are strongly associated with the development of DADE,but the impact of other systemic factors require further investigation.With high prevalence of dry eye in Asia,valuable resources like the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES)database offer crucial data for developing risk prediction models for DADE.Building risk prediction models using machine learning algorithms is a promising future research direction,enabling physicians to identify high-risk individuals and implement early interventions.展开更多
Gel-based sensors have provided unprecedented opportunities for bioelectric monitoring. Until now, sensors for underwater applicants have remained a notable challenge, as most sensors work effectively in air but swell...Gel-based sensors have provided unprecedented opportunities for bioelectric monitoring. Until now, sensors for underwater applicants have remained a notable challenge, as most sensors work effectively in air but swell underwater leading to functional failure. Herein, we introduce an innovative amphibian-inspired high-performance ionogel, where multiple supramolecular interactions in the ionogel's network confer good stretchability, elasticity, conductivity, and the hydrophobic C-F bonds play a key role in diminishing water molecule hydration and provide outstanding environmental stability. These unique properties of ionogels make them suitable as wearable amphibious fiexible sensors, and the sensors are capable of highly sensitive and stable human motion monitoring in air and underwater. Integration of the designed sensor into an artificial intelligence drowning alarm system, which recognizes the swimmer's movement status by monitoring the amplitude and frequency, especially in the drowning status for real-time alarms.This work provides novel strategies for motion recognition and hazard monitoring in amphibious environments, meeting the new generation of wearable sensors.展开更多
Alcohol consumption poses an escalating public health challenge.However,the impact of alcoholic liver disease(ALD)on post-transplant hepatitis B virus(HBV)reactivation and surgical outcomes remains inadequately charac...Alcohol consumption poses an escalating public health challenge.However,the impact of alcoholic liver disease(ALD)on post-transplant hepatitis B virus(HBV)reactivation and surgical outcomes remains inadequately characterized.Herein,we retrospectively analyzed our cohort(NCT06114251)comprising 453 patients with an HBV background.Propensity score matching(PSM)and sensitivity analyses were employed to assess the influence of ALD on surgical outcomes.Benchmark analysis compared the predictive performance of 21 models for post-transplant HBV reactivation.The Shapley additive explanation(SHAP)algorithm facilitated feature ranking and model interpretation.Patients were stratified into three subgroups based on the alcohol-modified HBV reactivation index(AMBRI).Among the cohort,113 patients(24.9%)had concurrent pre-transplant diagnoses of ALD and HBV infection,while 340(75.1%)had HBV infection alone.The presence of ALD was associated with an elevated risk of HBV reactivation and liver metastasis.PSM and sensitivity analyses revealed significantly lower five-year HBV reactivation-free survival(74.9%vs 85.4%),overall survival(OS,56.2%vs 70.5%),and tumor recurrence-free survival(RFS,47.8%vs 63.3%)in the ALD cohort.In recipients without HBV reactivation,hepatocellular carcinomas(HCCs)arising from both ALD and HBV exhibited inferior RFS(log-rank P=0.026)and OS beyond one year(landmark P=0.032)compared to HBV-related HCC alone.Benchmark analysis identified the surv.cforest model as the optimal predictor,achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic(AUC)curve of 0.914 in internal validation and 0.884 in external validation,outperforming the published Cox model(AUC=0.78).AMBRI-based stratification delineated three distinct risk subgroups,with the intermediate-and high-risk groups exhibiting significantly worse OS and RFS than the low-risk group.In this study,stratification by AMBRI identified intermediate-and high-risk groups with poorer post-transplant outcomes,underscoring the necessity for intensified surveillance and enhanced HBV treatment regimens,particularly in recipients with pre-transplant ALD.展开更多
With the completion of Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS),the world has begun to enjoy the Positioning,Navigation,and Timing(PNT)services of four Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS).In order to impr...With the completion of Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS),the world has begun to enjoy the Positioning,Navigation,and Timing(PNT)services of four Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS).In order to improve the GNSS performance and expand its applications,Low Earth Orbit(LEO)Enhanced Global Navigation Satellite System(LeGNSS)is being vigorously advocated.Combined with high-,medium-,and low-earth orbit satellites,it can improve GNSS performance in terms of orbit determination,Precise Point Positioning(PPP)convergence time,etc.This paper comprehensively reviews the current status of LeGNSS,focusing on analyzing its advantages and challenges for precise orbit and clock determination,PPP convergence,earth rotation parameter estimation,and global ionosphere modeling.Thanks to the fast geometric change brought by LEO satellites,LeGNSS is expected to fundamentally solve the problem of the long convergence time of PPP without any augmentation.The convergence time can be shortened within 1 minute if appropriate LEO constellations are deployed.However,there are still some issues to overcome,such as the optimization of LEO constellation as well as the real time LEO precise orbit and clock determination.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82470690 and 92159202)the Major Research Plan of Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province (2024C03149 and 2023C03046)。
文摘In China, liver transplantation is an important discipline in the field of organ transplantation. China Liver Transplant Registry (CLTR) is a scientific project that has been set up to advance surgical techniques and procedures and to improve both short-and long-term post-transplant follow-up and outcome of the liver recipients. CLTR also serves as a robust data support platform for the National Liver Transplant Quality Control Center in the quest to upscale its quality control protocols. The mission of CLTR is to register all liver transplantation activities in the mainland of China and to conduct scientific analyses of the collected data. The huge number of compiled cases and the scientific research conducted over the past decade based on this database drastically revolutionized the clinical practice in the country. All CLTR activities and projects will be a guarantee to foster progresses of liver transplantation in China in a more scientific way, to standardize the systematic care in the field of liver transplantation.
基金supported in part by grants from National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China (82200726 and U23A20451)Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81930016)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFA1100500)。
文摘Tumor recurrence, the Gordian knot of liver transplantation for malignancies, may be attributed to many parameters. The technique of the “classical” recipient hepatectomy is believed to be one of the potential reasons to cause tumor evasion because of the possible increase of circulating tumor cells, thus leading to an increased recurrent rate. On this background, the no-touch oncological recipient hepatectomy technique has been developed. A comprehensive review of the development and the key surgical steps of the no-touch recipient hepatectomy is presented. This technique might improve clinical outcomes, especially for those recipients who are at a high risk for tumor recurrence. Multicenter prospective studies should be set up to further validate the prognostic role of this technique in patients with liver cancer treated with liver transplantation.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42274027)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiessupported also by the Macao Foundation。
文摘This study utilizes radio occultation observations from the Macao Science Satellite-1 mission(MSS-1)to investigate ionospheric response to the May 2024 G5 geomagnetic storm within the South Atlantic Anomaly(SAA)region.The distinctive data from MSS-1,complemented by observations from the ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)and the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere,and Climate follow-on satellite mission(COSMIC-2),reveal a super plasma fountain effect during the main phase of the storm.This effect was marked by peaks in the equatorial ionization anomaly that extended beyond their typical latitude range.The MSS-1 observations,particularly in the northern hemisphere of the SAA region,confirm the role of prompt penetration electric fields in driving ionospheric disturbances and amplifying scintillation at higher altitudes.The study also identifies a decrease in total electron content and a reduction in scintillation occurrence during the recovery phase of the storm.The results demonstrate the pivotal role that MSS-1 observations can play,when combined with ground-based and COSMIC-2 observations,in providing a more comprehensive understanding of ionospheric response to severe geomagnetic storms.
基金financial supports from the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021ME037)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52472259,22179051 and 61604143)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFE0111000)the Special Fund of Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province(tsqnz20221141)the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Advanced Technique&Preparation for Renewable Energy Materials,Ministry of Education,Yunnan Normal University(OF2022-02)。
文摘A comprehensive understanding of the relevance between molecular structure and passivation ability to screen efficient modifiers is essential for enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Here,three similarπ-πstacking molecules namely benzophenone(BPN),diphenyl sulfone(DPS),and diphenyl sulfoxide(DPSO)are used as back-interface modifiers in carbon-based CsPbBr_(3)PSCs.After investigation,the results demonstrate the positive effect of the p-πconjugation characteristic inπ-πstacking molecules on maximizing their passivation ability.The p-πco njugation of DPSO enables a higher coordinative activity of oxygen atom in its S=O group than that in 0=S=O group of DPS and C=O group of BPN,which gives a superior passivation effect of DPSO on defects of perovskite films.The modification of DPSO also significantly improves the p-type behavior of perovskite films and the back-interfacial energetics matching,inducing an increase of hole extraction and a decrease of energy loss.Finally,the unencapsulated carbon-based CsPbBr_(3)PSCs with DPSO achieve a maximum power conversion efficiency of 10.60%and outstanding long-term stability in high-temperature,high-humidity(85℃,85%relative humidity)air environment.This work provides insights into the influence of the structure ofπ-πstacking molecules on their ability to improve the perovskite films quality and therefore the PSCs performance.
基金supported by grants from the National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX10203201)Health Com-mission of Zhejiang Province(2016KYA073 and 2019KY540)
文摘To the Editor:Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the second most frequent cause of cancer-related death globally.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)accounts for 90%of primary liver cancers with the highest incidence in China(more than 50%of all cases worldwide)[1].Liver transplantation(LT)is regarded as an optimal therapy for selected HCC patients.The Milan criteria are the benchmark for candidate selection that ensure excellent prognosis for patients with HCC[2].The Hangzhou criteria expand 51.5%more of Milan criteria for LT candidates with comparable posttransplant survivals[3].However,LT recipients fulfilling Milan criteria or Hangzhou criteria are at the risk of up to 13%−18%HCC recurrence rate within five years[4].Only 25%−50%of recurrent HCC patients post-LT are eligible for surgical treatment which have consistently presented favored survival benefit than systemic therapy[5].
基金supported by the Qin Chuangyuan Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)and Innovation Research and Development Project of Shaanxi Provincial Administration of TCM(No.2022-QCYZH-017)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LY24E030010)+5 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Nos.2022JM183,2024JC-YBMS-272)the Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Chemistry&Biology(No.22JHQ072)Shaanxi Provincial Key R&D Program(No.2022SF-342HZ)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.xzy012022037,xzy012023002)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2023BSHYDZZ05)Foundation by Shaanxi Provincial Administration of TCM(No.2021-ZZ-JC032)。
文摘Innovative anti-cancer therapies that activate the immune system show promise in combating cancers resistant to conventional treatments.Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is one such treatment,which not only directly eliminates tumor cells but also functions as an in situ tumor vaccine by enhancing tumor immunogenicity and triggering anti-tumor immune responses through immunogenic cell death(ICD).However,the effectiveness of PDT in enhancing immune responses is influenced by factors,such as photosensitizers and the tumor microenvironment,particularly hypoxia.Current clinically used PDT heavily relies on oxygen(O_(2))availability and can be limited by tumor hypoxia.Additionally,the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment induced by hypoxia affects the anti-tumor immunity of tumor-infiltrating effector T cells.Meanwhile,the immunosuppressive myeloid-lineage cells are recruited to the hypoxic tumor tissue and exhibit higher immunosuppressive capabilities under hypoxia conditions.Consequently,numerous strategies have been developed to modulate tumor hypoxia or to create hypoxia-compatible PDT,aiming to reduce the effects of tumor hypoxia on PDT-driven immunotherapy.This review investigates these strategies,including approaches to alleviate,exploit,and disregard tumor hypoxia within the context of PDT/immunotherapy.It also emphasizes the role of advanced nanomedicine and its benefits in these strategies,while outlining current challenges and future prospects in the field.
文摘The accurate identification and diagnosis of chemical process faults are crucial for ensuring the safe and stable operation of production plants.The current hot topic in industrial process fault diagnosis research is data-driven methods.Most of the existing fault diagnosis methods focus on a single shallow or deep learning model.This paper proposes a novel hybrid fault diagnosis method to fully utilize various features to improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis.Furthermore,the method addresses the issue of incomplete data,which has been largely overlooked in the majority of existing research.Firstly,the variable data is effectively fitted using orthogonal non-negative matrix tri-factorization,and the missing data in the matrix is solved to construct a complete production condition relationship.Next,the support vector machine model and the deep residual contraction network model are trained in parallel to prediagnose process faults by mining linear and non-linear interaction features.Finally,a novel mapping relationship is established between the result and model levels using the multi-layer perceptron algorithm to complete the final diagnosis and evaluation of the fault.To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method,we conducted extensive comparative experiments on the Tennessee Eastman dataset and the ethylene plant cracking unit dataset.The experimental results show that the method has advantages in different evaluation metrics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.82473157,82460510,82203565,82103388,31960145 and 82560591)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(Grant no.L248059)+1 种基金Yunnan Province applied research funds(Grant nos.202201AY070001-011,202201AY070001-043,and 202301AS070018)the Science and Technology Innovation Team of tumor metabolism research at Kunming Medical University(Grant no.CXTD202102).
文摘Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like structures of DNA and proteins that are released by activated neutrophils. While originally identified as antimicrobial defense mechanisms, NETs are now recognized as key modulators of tumor progression. NETs interact with the tumor microenvironment and metabolic pathways in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which promotes immune evasion and metastasis. This review explores the interplay between NET formation and metabolic reprogramming in RCC, highlighting the implications for immunotherapy resistance and therapeutic targeting. NET-associated signaling, immunometabolism disruption, and current strategies to inhibit NETs in preclinical and clinical settings are discussed. Targeting NETs may represent a promising adjunct in RCC therapy, particularly when integrated with immune checkpoint blockade.
基金Supported by the Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2023-MSBA-008)Unveiling and Commanding Program of Liaoning Province(Grant No.2022JH1/10800080)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.DUT24MS008).
文摘The double-sided lapping process is extensively employed in the manufacturing of wafers,optical windows,and seal rings due to its high efficiency and ability to achieve precise flatness.However,limited research has explored the thickness uniformity among different workpieces after double-sided lapping,and the underlying mechanism remains unclear.To address the demand for higher precision,this paper first analyzed the relative kinematic model between the workpiece and the lapping plate to clarify the causes of thickness variations among workpieces after double-sided lapping.Subsequently,a finite element method(FEM)model was developed to account for the pressure distribution on the workpiece surfaces at the initial stage of the process.The results indicate that the number of workpieces influences the final thickness variation.Then,various sets of thin copper plates with different thicknesses were lapped,and the findings revealed that five copper plates processed simultaneously exhibited more uniform thickness compared to the three plates.The experimental results align well with the theoretical analysis.Ultimately,a thickness variation of less than 6μm was achieved on five copper plates measuringΦ100×2.9 mm.This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms influencing thickness uniformity in the double-sided lapping process and provides practical guidelines for optimizing the process to achieve stringent precision standards in industrial applications.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21907080,22278330)Youth Innovative Team(No.xtr052022012)+3 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University(No.xzy012023010)from Xi’an Jiaotong Universitysupported by Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(No.2023-JC-QN-0246)China/Shaanxi Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2023M732811,2023BSHEDZZ20)the University of Bath and the Open Research Fund of the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Henan Normal University(No.2020ZD01)for support。
文摘Redox dyshomeostasis is a critical factor in the initiation of numerous diseases,making the accurate evaluation of the redox status of the cellular environment an important aspect of physiological research.However,maintaining redox homeostasis relies on a complex and dynamic physiological system involving multiple substrate-enzyme interactions,so its accurately detection remains a challenge.With this research,we developed an activable fiuorescence switching platform by incorporating different conjugate acceptors to a fiuorophore using ester bonds and resulting in fiuorescence quenching due to donor-excited photo-induced electron transfer(d-Pe T),which was confirmed through density functional theory calculations.The reaction-based probe was deployed for recognizing all major intracellular reducing sulfur species(RSS),including H_(2)S,cysteine(Cys),homocysteine(Hcy),glutathione(GSH),and protein free thiols.The quenched fiuorescence was significantly recovered by RSS,through releasing the fiuorophore and diminishing the d-Pe T effect.Furthermore,the fiuorescent probe was used for the sensing and imaging RSS in living cells,demonstrating good cell-permeability,low cytotoxicity,and negative correlation with reactive oxygen species content,enabling the evaluating of global thiols redox state in Hep G2 cellular lines during ferroptosis processes.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52472259,22179051)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021ME037)+1 种基金the Special Fund of Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province(tsqnz20221141)the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Advanced Technique&Preparation for Renewable Energy Materials,Ministry of Education,Yunnan Normal University(OF2022-02)。
文摘The organics containing multiple Lewis base groups are commonly used as additives to build high-quality perovskite film to improve the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,the relationship between the synergistic effects of the multifunctional groups induced by the molecular configuration of the additives and their effect remains to be probed.Herein,the isomeric additives of 2-amino-5-iodobenzoic acid(O-IA)and 4-amino-3-iodobenzoic acid(P-IA)are selected to in detail explore the impact of molecular conformation on their modulation of perovskite film quality.Theoretical and experimental analyses reveal that compared to the adsorption effect formed by the para-position–C=O and–NH_(2)groups in P-IA with the adjacent lead ions in the perovskite lattice,the multidentate chelating constituted by the ortho-position–C=O and–NH_(2)groups in O-IA with the single lead ions results in its a stronger bonding with the perovskite precursor and the(110)plane of perovskite,which modulates the crystallization and preferential growth of the perovskite film.Additionally,the stronger intermolecular interactions of O-IA and its bonding with perovskite than P-IA more effectively release the strain of perovskite film.Therefore,the O-IA-treated perovskite film exhibits substantially enhanced oriented crystallization,reduced residual strain and defect states,and improved energy level matching.As a result,the unencapsulated air-processed carbon-based PSCs with O-IA achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 17.50%and superior stability after 480 h of aging in air at 50℃,20%relative humidity(RH)and at 25℃,85%RH.
基金supported by a grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region,China(SRFS2021-7S04)Partial support was also received from the Seed Funding for Strategic Interdisciplinary Research Scheme(102010174)+1 种基金Seed Fund for Basic Research(202111159075)of The University of Hong KongIn addition,part of this work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement INTELWAT(No 958454).
文摘Membrane desalination is an economical and energy-efficient method to meet the current worldwide water scarcity.However,state-of-the-art reverse osmosis membranes are gradually being replaced by novel membrane materials as a result of ongoing technological advancements.These novel materials possess intrinsic pore structures or can be assembled to form lamellar membrane channels for selective transport of water or solutes(e.g.,NaCl).Still,in real applications,the results fall below the theoretical predictions,and a few properties,including large-scale fabrication,mechanical strength,and chemical stability,also have an impact on the overall effectiveness of those materials.In view of this,we develop a new evaluation framework in the form of radar charts with five dimensions(i.e.,water permeance,water/NaCl selectivity,membrane cost,scale of development,and stability)to assess the advantages,disadvantages,and potential of state-of-the-art and newly developed desalination membranes.In this framework,the reported thin film nanocomposite membranes and membranes developed from novel materials were compared with the state-of-the-art thin film composite membranes.This review will demonstrate the current advancements in novel membrane materials and bridge the gap between different desalination membranes.In this review,we also point out the prospects and challenges of next-generation membranes for desalination applications.We believe that this comprehensive framework may be used as a future reference for designing next-generation desalination membranes and will encourage further research and development in the field of membrane technology,leading to new insights and advancements.
基金Supported by the Exploratory Project of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University[No.2020YJ(ZYTS)154].
文摘AIM:To provide a comprehensive review of the advances in research on diabetes-associated dry eye(DADE),highlighting its pathophysiological mechanisms,risk factors,and demographic characteristics,laying the foundation for further investigation into its pathogenesis and treatment strategies.METHODS:A systemic review of the documents related to DADE had been performed based on the Web of Science database prior to achieving the plain text files of authors,titles,journals,and abstracts which afterwards had been imported into Citespace and VOSviewer software for data cleansing.The visual analysis was implemented from the following aspects:journals’publications,author and national cooperation,keyword co-occurrence,timeline analysis,and burst detection.RESULTS:The 318 documents in 167 journals had been incorporated with the overall annual citations and annual publications respectively growing significantly since 2014 and 2016.The keyword co-occurrence networks formed 4 clusters,with the representative keywords being dry eye,diabetes mellitus,prevalence,and diabetic retinopathy.Both the timeline map and the burst detection demonstrated that in the exploration of the pathogenesis of DADE,initial research was dedicated to Sjögren’s syndrome,followed by cross-sectional statistical analysis of the pertinent contributing factors of DADE using online databases.Precisely the oxidative stress seemed to surge into the research spotlight presently.The key pathogenic mechanisms of DADE include inflammation,oxidative stress and corneal neuropathy,contributing to the development of dry eye symptoms.CONCLUSION:Age,gender,diabetes duration,and diabetic retinopathy are strongly associated with the development of DADE,but the impact of other systemic factors require further investigation.With high prevalence of dry eye in Asia,valuable resources like the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES)database offer crucial data for developing risk prediction models for DADE.Building risk prediction models using machine learning algorithms is a promising future research direction,enabling physicians to identify high-risk individuals and implement early interventions.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province (No. SKL202302002)Key Research and Development Project of the Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Department (No. 20210204142YY)。
文摘Gel-based sensors have provided unprecedented opportunities for bioelectric monitoring. Until now, sensors for underwater applicants have remained a notable challenge, as most sensors work effectively in air but swell underwater leading to functional failure. Herein, we introduce an innovative amphibian-inspired high-performance ionogel, where multiple supramolecular interactions in the ionogel's network confer good stretchability, elasticity, conductivity, and the hydrophobic C-F bonds play a key role in diminishing water molecule hydration and provide outstanding environmental stability. These unique properties of ionogels make them suitable as wearable amphibious fiexible sensors, and the sensors are capable of highly sensitive and stable human motion monitoring in air and underwater. Integration of the designed sensor into an artificial intelligence drowning alarm system, which recognizes the swimmer's movement status by monitoring the amplitude and frequency, especially in the drowning status for real-time alarms.This work provides novel strategies for motion recognition and hazard monitoring in amphibious environments, meeting the new generation of wearable sensors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(92159202)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2017ZX10203205)+4 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022ZFJH003)the Major Research Plan of Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province(2024C03149 and 2023C03046)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1200404 and 2021YFA1201200)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ24C050005 and LQ22H160052)the Medical and Health Technology Program Project of Zhejiang Province(2021434810).
文摘Alcohol consumption poses an escalating public health challenge.However,the impact of alcoholic liver disease(ALD)on post-transplant hepatitis B virus(HBV)reactivation and surgical outcomes remains inadequately characterized.Herein,we retrospectively analyzed our cohort(NCT06114251)comprising 453 patients with an HBV background.Propensity score matching(PSM)and sensitivity analyses were employed to assess the influence of ALD on surgical outcomes.Benchmark analysis compared the predictive performance of 21 models for post-transplant HBV reactivation.The Shapley additive explanation(SHAP)algorithm facilitated feature ranking and model interpretation.Patients were stratified into three subgroups based on the alcohol-modified HBV reactivation index(AMBRI).Among the cohort,113 patients(24.9%)had concurrent pre-transplant diagnoses of ALD and HBV infection,while 340(75.1%)had HBV infection alone.The presence of ALD was associated with an elevated risk of HBV reactivation and liver metastasis.PSM and sensitivity analyses revealed significantly lower five-year HBV reactivation-free survival(74.9%vs 85.4%),overall survival(OS,56.2%vs 70.5%),and tumor recurrence-free survival(RFS,47.8%vs 63.3%)in the ALD cohort.In recipients without HBV reactivation,hepatocellular carcinomas(HCCs)arising from both ALD and HBV exhibited inferior RFS(log-rank P=0.026)and OS beyond one year(landmark P=0.032)compared to HBV-related HCC alone.Benchmark analysis identified the surv.cforest model as the optimal predictor,achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic(AUC)curve of 0.914 in internal validation and 0.884 in external validation,outperforming the published Cox model(AUC=0.78).AMBRI-based stratification delineated three distinct risk subgroups,with the intermediate-and high-risk groups exhibiting significantly worse OS and RFS than the low-risk group.In this study,stratification by AMBRI identified intermediate-and high-risk groups with poorer post-transplant outcomes,underscoring the necessity for intensified surveillance and enhanced HBV treatment regimens,particularly in recipients with pre-transplant ALD.
基金the National Natural Science Funds of China[grant numbers 41874030,42074026]Natural Science Funds of Shanghai[grant number 21ZR1465600]+3 种基金the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader[grant number 20XD1423800]the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission[grant number 2021-01-07-00-07-E00095]the“Shuguang Program”supported by Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission[grant number 20SG18]the Scientific and Technological Innovation Plan from Shanghai Science and Technology Committee[grant numbers 20511103302,20511103402 and 20511103702].
文摘With the completion of Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS),the world has begun to enjoy the Positioning,Navigation,and Timing(PNT)services of four Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS).In order to improve the GNSS performance and expand its applications,Low Earth Orbit(LEO)Enhanced Global Navigation Satellite System(LeGNSS)is being vigorously advocated.Combined with high-,medium-,and low-earth orbit satellites,it can improve GNSS performance in terms of orbit determination,Precise Point Positioning(PPP)convergence time,etc.This paper comprehensively reviews the current status of LeGNSS,focusing on analyzing its advantages and challenges for precise orbit and clock determination,PPP convergence,earth rotation parameter estimation,and global ionosphere modeling.Thanks to the fast geometric change brought by LEO satellites,LeGNSS is expected to fundamentally solve the problem of the long convergence time of PPP without any augmentation.The convergence time can be shortened within 1 minute if appropriate LEO constellations are deployed.However,there are still some issues to overcome,such as the optimization of LEO constellation as well as the real time LEO precise orbit and clock determination.
