Iced transmission line galloping poses a significant threat to the safety and reliability of power systems,leading directly to line tripping,disconnections,and power outages.Existing early warning methods of iced tran...Iced transmission line galloping poses a significant threat to the safety and reliability of power systems,leading directly to line tripping,disconnections,and power outages.Existing early warning methods of iced transmission line galloping suffer from issues such as reliance on a single data source,neglect of irregular time series,and lack of attention-based closed-loop feedback,resulting in high rates of missed and false alarms.To address these challenges,we propose an Internet of Things(IoT)empowered early warning method of transmission line galloping that integrates time series data from optical fiber sensing and weather forecast.Initially,the method applies a primary adaptive weighted fusion to the IoT empowered optical fiber real-time sensing data and weather forecast data,followed by a secondary fusion based on a Back Propagation(BP)neural network,and uses the K-medoids algorithm for clustering the fused data.Furthermore,an adaptive irregular time series perception adjustment module is introduced into the traditional Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU)network,and closed-loop feedback based on attentionmechanism is employed to update network parameters through gradient feedback of the loss function,enabling closed-loop training and time series data prediction of the GRU network model.Subsequently,considering various types of prediction data and the duration of icing,an iced transmission line galloping risk coefficient is established,and warnings are categorized based on this coefficient.Finally,using an IoT-driven realistic dataset of iced transmission line galloping,the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through multi-dimensional simulation scenarios.展开更多
Kirkendall voids(KVs)at the Cu/Sn interface are a typical failure in integrated circuits,leading to solder joint cracking and electrical disconnection.Although the formation of KVs has been attributed to the differenc...Kirkendall voids(KVs)at the Cu/Sn interface are a typical failure in integrated circuits,leading to solder joint cracking and electrical disconnection.Although the formation of KVs has been attributed to the difference in atomic diffusion rates at the Cu/Sn interface,the role of Cu intrinsic"quality"parameters(crystal defects)in this process remains unclear.This work systematically investigated the effects of Cu crystal defects on KVs:Cu substrates with different lattice defects and grain boundaries were prepared using proprietary electrodeposition additives,and the number of defects was quantitatively characterized by micro-strain,geometric dislocation density,and geometric phase analysis.The thermal aging experiments further showed that the formation of intermetallic compounds and KVs was related to crystal defect energy.When the grain boundary energy was higher than the lattice energy,the additional driving force resulted in short-circuit diffusion,causing local Cu depletion and voids.The lowcrystal-defect samples maintained the local Cu/Sn interdiffusion equilibrium,resulting in fewer voids after 1000 h.This study emphasizes that regulating the crystal defects can reduce KVs and provides a new insight for improving the integrated solder joint's reliability.展开更多
Ti-Zr-Nb refractory multi-principal element alloys(RMPEAs)have attracted increased attention due to their excellent mechanical properties.In this study,(TiZr)_(80-x)Nb_(20)Mo_(x)(x=0,5 and 10)alloys were designed,and ...Ti-Zr-Nb refractory multi-principal element alloys(RMPEAs)have attracted increased attention due to their excellent mechanical properties.In this study,(TiZr)_(80-x)Nb_(20)Mo_(x)(x=0,5 and 10)alloys were designed,and the intrinsic conflicts between strength and ductility were overcome via composition optimization and recrystallization.The causes of the superior strength-ductility synergy were investigated in terms of their deformation mechanism and dislocation behavior.The results show that the strength improvement can be attributed to the deformation mechanism transition caused by local chemical fluctuations and lattice distortion.Specifically,the slip band widths decrease after Mo addition,and the measured slip traces in the fracture samples are associated with high-order{112}and{123}slip planes.Furthermore,the grain refinement achieved via recrystallization promotes multi-slip system activation and shortens the slip-band spacing,which reduces the stress concentration and inhibits crack source formation,thereby allowing the alloy to ensure sufficient ductility.Consequently,the Ti_(35)Zr_(35)Nb_(20)Mo_(10)alloy annealed at 900℃ exhibits high yield strength and elongation.These findings provide a new strategy for designing high-strength RMPEAs and addressing room-temperature brittleness.展开更多
Recently,MP-10,a previous drug candidate with potent inhibition of phosphodiesterase 10A(PDE10A)in clinical phase II trials for schizophrenia or Alzheimer's disease,has shown significant potential in preventing an...Recently,MP-10,a previous drug candidate with potent inhibition of phosphodiesterase 10A(PDE10A)in clinical phase II trials for schizophrenia or Alzheimer's disease,has shown significant potential in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases.However,its poor metabolic stability and high permeability across the blood-brain barrier(BBB)make it unsuitable for preventing and treating peripheral cardiovascular diseases.Herein,the hit-to-lead optimization was performed to discover novel 3-trifiuoromethylsubstituted pyrazole derivatives as potent and selective PDE10A inhibitors.The structure-activity relationships,biological characterization,molecular mechanism,and drug-like evaluation were discussed to identify compound C7 which showed potent inhibition against PDE10A(half maximal inhibitory concentration,IC_(50)=11.9 nmol/L),more than 840-fold selectivity over other PDE subtypes,enhanced liver microsomes stability(T_(1/2)=239 min)compared to MP-10 and low BBB permeability.Importantly,oral pretreatment with C7·3HCl at a dose of 5.0 mg/kg significantly attenuated the pathological and functional changes induced by isoprenaline(ISO)-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy in mice,particularly suppressing increase of cardiac weight,atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)andβ-myosin heavy chain(β-MHC)hypertrophic markers along with cardiac fibrosis.These findings further support that targeting PDE10A provides an innovative therapeutic approach for preventing and treating cardiac diseases.展开更多
Nowadays,high-stable and ultrasensitive heavy metal detection is of utmost importance in water quality monitoring.Nanoparticle-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(NELIBS)shows high potential in hazardous met...Nowadays,high-stable and ultrasensitive heavy metal detection is of utmost importance in water quality monitoring.Nanoparticle-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(NELIBS)shows high potential in hazardous metal detection,however,encounters unstable and weak signals due to nonuniform distribution of analytes.Herein,we developed an interface self-assembly(ISA)method to create a uniformly distributed gold nanolayer at a liquid-liquid interface for positive heavy metal ions capture and NELIBS analysis.The electrostatically selfassembled Au nanoparticles(NPs)-analytes membrane was prepared at the oil-water interface by injecting ethanol into the mixture of cyclohexane and Au NPs-analytes water solution.Then,the interface self-assembled Au NPs-analytes membrane was transformed onto a laser-processed superhydrophilic Si slide for detection.Three heavy metals(cadmium(Cd),barium(Ba),and chromium(Cr))were analyzed to evaluate the stability and sensitivity of the ISA method for NELIBS.The results(Cd:RSD=3.6%,LoD=0.654 mg/L;Ba:RSD=3.4%,LoD=0.236 mg/L;Cr:RSD=7.7%,LoD=1.367 mg/L)demonstrated signal enhancement and high-stable and ultrasensitive detection.The actual sample detection(Cd:RE=7.71%,Ba:RE=6.78%)illustrated great reliability.The ISA method,creating a uniform distribution of NP-analytes at the interface,has promising prospects in NELIBS.展开更多
Vibration energy harvesting presents a significant opportunity for powering wireless sensor networks and internet of things(IoT)devices,offering a sustainable alternative to traditional battery-based power sources.How...Vibration energy harvesting presents a significant opportunity for powering wireless sensor networks and internet of things(IoT)devices,offering a sustainable alternative to traditional battery-based power sources.However,environmental vibrations are predominantly low-frequency,which presents a significant challenge to the efficient conversion of such energy.To address this challenge,this paper proposes a novel twodegree-of-freedom(2-DOF)energy harvester.The first layer of the harvester incorporates a piezoelectric composite beam(PCB)paired with permanent magnets to form a negative stiffness mechanism(NSM),which counteracts the stiffness of linear springs,thereby achieving quasi-zero stiffness(QZS)or bistable characteristics.The second layer integrates piezoelectric transduction units with triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)units to further enhance the efficiency of low-frequency vibration energy conversion.By considering the modal characteristics of the PCB,this paper establishes the electromechanical coupling equations of the harvester from an energy perspective.The mechanical responses of the masses in both layers,as well as the electrical outputs of the PCB,are analytically solved.Furthermore,the effects of the system parameters on the efficiency of low-frequency vibration energy harvesting are thoroughly analyzed.This work provides a theoretical foundation for the development of self-powered IoT sensor nodes,enabling efficient energy harvesting from ambient low-frequency vibrations.展开更多
Diabetes and insulinoma represent opposing alterations in pancreatic β-cell mass,with diabetes resulting from irreversible β-cells damage and insulinoma arising from abnormal proliferation.Early diagnosis of both co...Diabetes and insulinoma represent opposing alterations in pancreatic β-cell mass,with diabetes resulting from irreversible β-cells damage and insulinoma arising from abnormal proliferation.Early diagnosis of both conditions necessitates effectiveβ-cell mass detection.Current detection methods are limited in diagnosing each condition individually or lacking timely and accurate detection.Diabetes is typically identified only after significantβ-cell loss,while insulinoma can evade conventional imaging due to their small size.Positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)imaging,combining anatomical and functional data,enhances diagnostic accuracy but faces challenges in specificity.This study employed two RNA aptamers(m12–3773 and 1–717)modified to enhance RNase resistance and conjugated with68Ga to create ^(68)Ga-NOTA-Ap.^(68)Ga-NOTA-Ap was administered to rats with pancreaticβ-cell damage and mice with insulinoma to evaluate its ability to image islets,detect changes in pancreatic β-cell mass(BCM),and identify insulinoma.Modified with methoxy and fluoro,RNA aptamers exhibited enhanced stability and RNases resistance while retaining their dissociation constants(K_(d)).Furthermore,^(68)Ga-NOTA-Ap effectively detected changes of BCM in rats with pancreatic β-cell damage and imaged insulinoma in mice through recognition of abnormalβ-cell proliferation by recognizing clusterin and transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 6(TMED6)on pancreaticβ-cell.The developed ^(68)Ga-NOTA-Ap shows promise for early screening of diabetes and insulinoma due to its high sensitivity,specificity,and non-invasive nature.It has potential clinical applications for monitoring pancreatic β-cell function and diagnosing insulinoma.展开更多
Memristive devices based on in-memory computing architectures offer a promising strategy for overcoming the energy bottlenecks inherent in big data systems.However,uncontrolled ion migration at the material level rema...Memristive devices based on in-memory computing architectures offer a promising strategy for overcoming the energy bottlenecks inherent in big data systems.However,uncontrolled ion migration at the material level remains a key challenge,compromising device stability and hindering practical applications.Here,we employ a chemical optimization strategy that dynamically induces the precipitation of Ag atoms under applied voltage,creating fixed atomic sites to achieve precise control over ion migration,synergistically enhancing the memory and computing capabilities of the device.Compared to unoptimized samples,the proposed device exhibits an approximately 8-fold improvement in robustness,a 3-fold enhancement in stability,high mechanical endurance,and reliable multilevel data storage capability.We further construct a device array and incorporate an efficient reservoir computing model,achieving handwritten digit recognition with an accuracy of up to 90.81%.In summary,this work proposes a dynamic Ag/Ag^(+)anchoring strategy and demonstrates a memristor-based approach that integrates storage and computation to enable energy-efficient artificial intelligence processing,offering a scalable solution for sustainable intelligence in the big data era.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cervical spondylosis(CS)frequently co-occurs with generalized anxiety disorder(GAD),presenting a complex clinical challenge.Managing CS-related pain in patients with GAD is particularly challenging because ...BACKGROUND Cervical spondylosis(CS)frequently co-occurs with generalized anxiety disorder(GAD),presenting a complex clinical challenge.Managing CS-related pain in patients with GAD is particularly challenging because of the bidirectional relationship between pain and anxiety,necessitating integrated treatment strategies.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of electroacupuncture(EA)in treating CS-related pain and anxiety in patients with GAD.METHODS This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 83 patients with CS-related pain and GAD who received EA treatment over 2-year period.Pain intensity was assessed using the visual analog scale,and anxiety symptoms were measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale.Additionally,neuroinflammatory markers,including interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,were examined.Outcomes were evaluated at baseline,after 4 weeks,and after 8 weeks of treatment.RESULTS EA treatment significantly reduced CS-related pain(mean visual analog scale reduction:3.24±1.18;P<0.001)and improved anxiety symptoms(mean Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale reduction:7.83±2.65;P<0.001)after 8 weeks of treatment.Neuroinflammatory markers also showed significant reductions,with interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels decreasing by 32.7%and 28.5%,respectively(P<0.01).Pain reduction was significantly correlated with improvements in anxiety symptoms(r=0.68;P<0.001)and a decrease in inflammatory markers(r=0.54;P<0.01).CONCLUSION EA demonstrates significant efficacy in reducing CS-related pain in patients with comorbid GAD,along with concurrent improvements in anxiety symptoms and neuroinflammatory profiles.These findings suggest that EA may offer a valuable integrative approach for managing this complex clinical presentation,potentially addressing both pain and anxiety through the modulation of neuroinflammatory pathways.展开更多
Rock is geometrically and mechanically multiscale in nature,and the traditional phenomenological laws at the macroscale cannot render a quantitative relationship between microscopic damage of rocks and overall rock st...Rock is geometrically and mechanically multiscale in nature,and the traditional phenomenological laws at the macroscale cannot render a quantitative relationship between microscopic damage of rocks and overall rock structural degradation.This may lead to problems in the evaluation of rock structure stability and safe life.Multiscale numerical modeling is regarded as an effective way to gain insight into factors affecting rock properties from a cross-scale view.This study compiles the history of theoretical developments and numerical techniques related to rock multiscale issues according to different modeling architectures,that is,the homogenization theory,the hierarchical approach,and the concurrent approach.For these approaches,their benefits,drawbacks,and application scope are underlined.Despite the considerable attempts that have been made,some key issues still result in multiple challenges.Therefore,this study points out the perspectives of rock multiscale issues so as to provide a research direction for the future.The review results show that,in addition to numerical techniques,for example,high-performance computing,more attention should be paid to the development of an advanced constitutive model with consideration of fine geometrical descriptions of rock to facilitate solutions to multiscale problems in rock mechanics and rock engineering.展开更多
Superelastic martensitic transformation(MT)confers a considerable elastocaloric response to shape memory alloys,but the significant hysteretic loss cripples the energy conversion efficiency.In the present work,large e...Superelastic martensitic transformation(MT)confers a considerable elastocaloric response to shape memory alloys,but the significant hysteretic loss cripples the energy conversion efficiency.In the present work,large elastocaloric effect with high refrigeration efficiency is realized in a polycrystalline Co_(50)V_(35)Ga_(15)Heusler alloy.Experimental results show that the studied alloy undergoes a paramagnetic type MT from L2_(1)cubic austenite to D0_(22)tetragonal martensite with a small thermal hysteresis(ΔT_(hys))of~3 K.By carefully examining the strain rate dependence of superelastic response,it is also found that the stress hysteresis(Δσ_(hys))consists of two components including intrinsic stress hysteresis(Δσ_(hys)^(int.))caused by inherent attribute of MT and extrinsic stress hysteresis(Δσ_(hys)^(ext.))aroused by applied strain rate.Accordingly,we put forward a strain relaxation equation to separate the relative contributions betweenΔσ_(hys)^(int.)andΔσ_(hys)^(ext.)quantitatively,which demonstrates that a smallΔT_(hys)is conducive to substantial decrease inΔσ_(hys)^(int.).Moreover,associated with stress-induced superelastic MT,large reversible adiabatic temperature changes(ΔT_(ad))higher than 11 K are achieved under an applied strain of 6.5%over a temperature range of at least 60 K.With the combination of a large elastocaloric cooling capacity and a low energy dissipation,significant improvements in refrigeration efficiency can be obtained in a wide strain range,being superior to those reported in most of typical elastocaloric materials near room temperature.展开更多
Objective To report the development,validation,and findings of the Multi-dimensional Attention Rating Scale(MARS),a self-report tool crafted to evaluate six-dimension attention levels.Methods The MARS was developed ba...Objective To report the development,validation,and findings of the Multi-dimensional Attention Rating Scale(MARS),a self-report tool crafted to evaluate six-dimension attention levels.Methods The MARS was developed based on Classical Test Theory(CTT).Totally 202 highly educated healthy adult participants were recruited for reliability and validity tests.Reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability.Structural validity was explored using principal component analysis.Criterion validity was analyzed by correlating MARS scores with the Toronto Hospital Alertness Test(THAT),the Attentional Control Scale(ACS),and the Attention Network Test(ANT).Results The MARS comprises 12 items spanning six distinct dimensions of attention:focused attention,sustained attention,shifting attention,selective attention,divided attention,and response inhibition.As assessed by six experts,the content validation index(CVI)was 0.95,the Cronbach's alpha for the MARS was 0.78,and the test-retest reliability was 0.81.Four factors were identified(cumulative variance contribution rate 68.79%).The total score of MARS was correlated positively with THAT(r=0.60,P<0.01)and ACS(r=0.78,P<0.01)and negatively with ANT's reaction time for alerting(r=−0.31,P=0.049).Conclusion The MARS can reliably and validly assess six-dimension attention levels in real-world settings and is expected to be a new tool for assessing multi-dimensional attention impairments in different mental disorders.展开更多
Background:Dengue fever,an acute insect-borne infectious disease caused by the dengue virus(DENV),poses a great challenge to global public health.Hepatic involve-ment is the most common complication of severe dengue a...Background:Dengue fever,an acute insect-borne infectious disease caused by the dengue virus(DENV),poses a great challenge to global public health.Hepatic involve-ment is the most common complication of severe dengue and is closely related to the occurrence and development of disease.However,the features of adaptive immune responses associated with liver injury in severe dengue are not clear.Methods:We used single-cell sequencing to examine the liver tissues of mild or se-vere dengue mice model to analyze the changes in immune response of T cells in the liver after dengue virus infection,and the immune interaction between macrophages and T cells.Flow cytometry was used to detect T cells and macrophages in mouse liver and blood to verify the single-cell sequencing results.Results:Our result showed CTLs were significantly activated in the severe liver injury group but the immune function-related signal pathway was down-regulated.The rea-son may be that the excessive immune response in the severe group at the late stage of DENV infection induces the polarization of macrophages into M2 type,and the macrophages then inhibit T cell immunity through the TGF-βsignaling pathway.In ad-dition,the increased proportion of Treg cells suggested that Th17/Treg homeostasis was disrupted in the livers of severe liver injury mice.Conclusions:In this study,single-cell sequencing and flow cytometry revealed the characteristic changes of T cell immune response and the role of macrophages in the liver of severe dengue fever mice.Our study provides a better understanding of the pathogenesis of liver injury in dengue fever patients.展开更多
Hepatitis B is a major health concern in the Asia-Pacific region, and is endemic in China, Southeast Asia, and Africa. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may cause hepatic cirrhosis and liver cancer. It is esti...Hepatitis B is a major health concern in the Asia-Pacific region, and is endemic in China, Southeast Asia, and Africa. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may cause hepatic cirrhosis and liver cancer. It is estimated that there are more than 350 million chronic HBV carriers worldwide, of whom approximately one quarter will die of chronic hepatitis B-related liver diseases. HBV is transmitted horizontally through blood and blood products or by sexual transmission, and vertically from mother to infant. Perinatal infection is the predominant mode of transmission in countries with a high prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriage, and perinatal transmission leads to high rates of chronic infection. Therefore, it is important to prevent the mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HBV. Research has shown that pregnant women with high HBV DNA levels have an increased risk of MTCT. However, most of the obstetrics guidelines do not make a distinction between pregnant women with high HBV DNA levels and those who are HBsAg positive only. This review addresses the management of pregnant women with high levels of HBV viremia, in terms of antiviral therapy, use of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG), the combined application of hepatitis B vaccine and HBIG, choice of delivery mode and feeding practices. (C) 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.展开更多
Ice accretion on the wings seriously threatens the flight safety of an aircraft.From the perspectives of ensuring flight safety and saving power consumption,the ice shape modulation method using distributed plasma is ...Ice accretion on the wings seriously threatens the flight safety of an aircraft.From the perspectives of ensuring flight safety and saving power consumption,the ice shape modulation method using distributed plasma is proposed.Distributed plasma actuator units are designed to modulate the spanwise continuous ice at the leading edge into periodically segmented ice pieces,forming a wavy leading edge.Both airfoil and scaled aircraft model,with continuous and modulated ice,are experimentally investigated and simulated.Compared with the continuous ice,ice shape modulation can significantly improve the aerodynamic performance,flight control characteristics and flight safety.This method can save about half electric power,which is very beneficial for application.展开更多
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate （EGCG）, a major polyphenol in green tea, has been considered a potential therapeutic and chemopreventive agent for cancer. Glioma is a malignant tumor with high mortality but effective the...Epigallocatechin-3-gallate （EGCG）, a major polyphenol in green tea, has been considered a potential therapeutic and chemopreventive agent for cancer. Glioma is a malignant tumor with high mortality but effective therapy has not yet been developed. In this study, we found that EGCG induced apoptosis in U251 glioma cells via the laminin receptor （molecular weight 67kDa） in a time- and dose-dependent manner, decreased their invasiveness and inhibited their proliferation. The mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway was shown to be involved in glioma cell apoptosis and proliferation. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase （MMP）-2 and MMP-9 were reduced after EGCG treatment. These results suggest that EGCG has important therapeutic effects with low toxicity and side-effects, and could be used in cancer chemoprevention.展开更多
Nanocellulose,a natural polymeric nanomaterial,has attracted significant attention in enhanced oil recovery(EOR)applications due to its abundance,nanoscale,high oil-water interfacial adsorption ef-ficiency.In this stu...Nanocellulose,a natural polymeric nanomaterial,has attracted significant attention in enhanced oil recovery(EOR)applications due to its abundance,nanoscale,high oil-water interfacial adsorption ef-ficiency.In this study,surface-functionalized cellulose nanocrystals(SF-CNCs)were prepared via hy-drochloric acid hydrolysis and chemical modification,with adaptable nanosize and considerable dispersion stability in low-permeability reservoirs.The SF-CNCs were structurally characterized by FT-IR,Cryo-TEM,which have a diameter of 5-10 nm and a length of 100-200 nm.The SF-CNC dispersions possessed higher stability and stronger salt-tolerance than those of corresponding CNC dispersions,due to the strong hydrophilicity of the sulfonic acid group.It was synergistically used with a non-ionic surfactant(APG1214)to formulate a combined flooding system(0.1 wt%SF-CNC+0.2 wt%APG1214).The combined flooding system exhibits strong emulsification stability,low oil-water interfacial tension of o.03 mN/m,and the ability to alter the wettability for oil-wetting rocks.Furthermore,the combined system was_able to provide an optimum EOR efficiency of 20.2%in low-permeability cores with 30.13×10^(-3)μm^(2).Notably.it can enlarge the sweep volume and increase the displacement efficiency simultaneously.Overall,the newly formulated nanocellulose/surfactant combined system exhibits a remarkable EoR performance in low-permeability reservoirs.展开更多
The study conveys an idea to enhance the osseointegration of titanium implant (Ti) through modulating macrophages M2 polarization. The ?100 nm spherical mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) that compromised of ~4-nm-...The study conveys an idea to enhance the osseointegration of titanium implant (Ti) through modulating macrophages M2 polarization. The ?100 nm spherical mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) that compromised of ~4-nm-diameter nano? tunnels were synthesized by the conventional "sol-gel" method, into which the dexamethasone (DEX) was loaded (DEX@ MSN). The DEX@MSN could consistently release DEX and showed favorable cytocompatibility in RAW264.7 cells. The arginase-1 expression, a specific marker for macrophages M2 polarization, was also enhanced by DEX @ MSN treatment. Then, the Ti was pre-treated with anodization under 5 V to generate the titania nanotubes with ?30 nm diameter (NT-30) and the DEX @ MSN was introduced onto NT-30 surface via electrophoretic deposition, with the aid of chitosan. After optimizing the deposition parameters, the supernatants of RAW264.7 from the decorated implant surface could significantly promote the osteogenic differentiation of murine primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. These findings demonstrate that delivery of DEX from implant surface can modulate the macrophages M2 polarization and result in favorable osteogenesis.展开更多
A series of monolithic MnO_(2)/iron mesh (IM) catalysts for oxidation of toluene were successfully prepared by using in situ hydrothermal growth.MnO_(2)can grow firmly on the IM substrates surface with a shedding rate...A series of monolithic MnO_(2)/iron mesh (IM) catalysts for oxidation of toluene were successfully prepared by using in situ hydrothermal growth.MnO_(2)can grow firmly on the IM substrates surface with a shedding rate of only 0.14%.Due to the highest O_(ads) and high-valent Mn^(4+) and Fe^(3+) elements,the temperature at 50% and 90% toluene conversion (T_(50%) and T_(90%)) was 252 and 265℃,respectively for the best performance catalyst (hydrothermal temperature of 80℃,hydrothermal time of 12 h,and precursor manganese ion concentration of 0.03 mol/L).The catalysts also presented good water resistance and cycle performance.In-situ DRIFTS results suggesting that toluene was first rapid transformed into the reaction intermediate species (benzoate species) and then converted to CO_(2)and H_(2)O.Therefore,this work provides a new direction for the research and application of IM-based monolithic catalysts.展开更多
Our study sought to assess how much phosphorus（P） runoff from paddy fields could be cut down by fertilizer management and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A field experiment was conducted in Lalin Rive...Our study sought to assess how much phosphorus（P） runoff from paddy fields could be cut down by fertilizer management and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A field experiment was conducted in Lalin River basin, in the northeast China： six nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer levels were provided（0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of the recommended fertilizer supply）, with or without inoculation with Glomus mosseae. The volume and concentrations of particle P（PP） and dissolved P（DP） were measured for each runoff during the rice growing season. It was found that the seasonal P runoff, including DP and PP, under the local fertilization was 3.7 kg/ha, with PP, rather than DP, being the main form of P in runoff water. Additionally, the seasonal P runoff dropped only by 8.9% when fertilization decreased by 20%; rice yields decreased with declining fertilization. We also found that inoculation increased rice yields and decreased P runoff at each fertilizer level and these effects were lower under higher fertilization. Conclusively, while rice yields were guaranteed arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and fertilizer management would play a key role in reducing P runoff from paddy fields.展开更多
基金research was funded by Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China under grant number 5200-202319382A-2-3-XG.
文摘Iced transmission line galloping poses a significant threat to the safety and reliability of power systems,leading directly to line tripping,disconnections,and power outages.Existing early warning methods of iced transmission line galloping suffer from issues such as reliance on a single data source,neglect of irregular time series,and lack of attention-based closed-loop feedback,resulting in high rates of missed and false alarms.To address these challenges,we propose an Internet of Things(IoT)empowered early warning method of transmission line galloping that integrates time series data from optical fiber sensing and weather forecast.Initially,the method applies a primary adaptive weighted fusion to the IoT empowered optical fiber real-time sensing data and weather forecast data,followed by a secondary fusion based on a Back Propagation(BP)neural network,and uses the K-medoids algorithm for clustering the fused data.Furthermore,an adaptive irregular time series perception adjustment module is introduced into the traditional Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU)network,and closed-loop feedback based on attentionmechanism is employed to update network parameters through gradient feedback of the loss function,enabling closed-loop training and time series data prediction of the GRU network model.Subsequently,considering various types of prediction data and the duration of icing,an iced transmission line galloping risk coefficient is established,and warnings are categorized based on this coefficient.Finally,using an IoT-driven realistic dataset of iced transmission line galloping,the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through multi-dimensional simulation scenarios.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62274172 and 62304143)High-level Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Plan of Shenzhen Key Technology Research and Development Team Funding Application(No.JSGGKQTD20221101115650008)+2 种基金Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Macao Science and Technology Plan Project(Category C)(No.SGDX20220530111004028)Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(FDCT)for funding(No.0013/2024/RIB1)the Multi-Year Research Grant(MYRG)from University of Macao(Nos.MYRG-GRG2023-00140-IAPME-UMDF and MYRG-GRG2024-00206-IAPME)
文摘Kirkendall voids(KVs)at the Cu/Sn interface are a typical failure in integrated circuits,leading to solder joint cracking and electrical disconnection.Although the formation of KVs has been attributed to the difference in atomic diffusion rates at the Cu/Sn interface,the role of Cu intrinsic"quality"parameters(crystal defects)in this process remains unclear.This work systematically investigated the effects of Cu crystal defects on KVs:Cu substrates with different lattice defects and grain boundaries were prepared using proprietary electrodeposition additives,and the number of defects was quantitatively characterized by micro-strain,geometric dislocation density,and geometric phase analysis.The thermal aging experiments further showed that the formation of intermetallic compounds and KVs was related to crystal defect energy.When the grain boundary energy was higher than the lattice energy,the additional driving force resulted in short-circuit diffusion,causing local Cu depletion and voids.The lowcrystal-defect samples maintained the local Cu/Sn interdiffusion equilibrium,resulting in fewer voids after 1000 h.This study emphasizes that regulating the crystal defects can reduce KVs and provides a new insight for improving the integrated solder joint's reliability.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF0609000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52171034 and 52101037)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZB20230944).
文摘Ti-Zr-Nb refractory multi-principal element alloys(RMPEAs)have attracted increased attention due to their excellent mechanical properties.In this study,(TiZr)_(80-x)Nb_(20)Mo_(x)(x=0,5 and 10)alloys were designed,and the intrinsic conflicts between strength and ductility were overcome via composition optimization and recrystallization.The causes of the superior strength-ductility synergy were investigated in terms of their deformation mechanism and dislocation behavior.The results show that the strength improvement can be attributed to the deformation mechanism transition caused by local chemical fluctuations and lattice distortion.Specifically,the slip band widths decrease after Mo addition,and the measured slip traces in the fracture samples are associated with high-order{112}and{123}slip planes.Furthermore,the grain refinement achieved via recrystallization promotes multi-slip system activation and shortens the slip-band spacing,which reduces the stress concentration and inhibits crack source formation,thereby allowing the alloy to ensure sufficient ductility.Consequently,the Ti_(35)Zr_(35)Nb_(20)Mo_(10)alloy annealed at 900℃ exhibits high yield strength and elongation.These findings provide a new strategy for designing high-strength RMPEAs and addressing room-temperature brittleness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22277154,82003576,82273856,22277019,22077143,22377023,82273925)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2021A1515012499)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for Hainan University(Nos.KYQD(ZR)-21031,KYQD(ZR)-21108,KYQD(ZR)-23003,XTCX2022JKA01)Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(Nos.KJRC2023B10,822MS051,824YXQN420,324MS018)。
文摘Recently,MP-10,a previous drug candidate with potent inhibition of phosphodiesterase 10A(PDE10A)in clinical phase II trials for schizophrenia or Alzheimer's disease,has shown significant potential in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases.However,its poor metabolic stability and high permeability across the blood-brain barrier(BBB)make it unsuitable for preventing and treating peripheral cardiovascular diseases.Herein,the hit-to-lead optimization was performed to discover novel 3-trifiuoromethylsubstituted pyrazole derivatives as potent and selective PDE10A inhibitors.The structure-activity relationships,biological characterization,molecular mechanism,and drug-like evaluation were discussed to identify compound C7 which showed potent inhibition against PDE10A(half maximal inhibitory concentration,IC_(50)=11.9 nmol/L),more than 840-fold selectivity over other PDE subtypes,enhanced liver microsomes stability(T_(1/2)=239 min)compared to MP-10 and low BBB permeability.Importantly,oral pretreatment with C7·3HCl at a dose of 5.0 mg/kg significantly attenuated the pathological and functional changes induced by isoprenaline(ISO)-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy in mice,particularly suppressing increase of cardiac weight,atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)andβ-myosin heavy chain(β-MHC)hypertrophic markers along with cardiac fibrosis.These findings further support that targeting PDE10A provides an innovative therapeutic approach for preventing and treating cardiac diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62075069 and 52303092)the Water Conservancy Technology project of Hunan Province,China(XSKJ2021000-32)+1 种基金the City University of Hong Kong(#7005507)the Open Project of Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory Co.,Ltd(grant number YPML-2023050278).
文摘Nowadays,high-stable and ultrasensitive heavy metal detection is of utmost importance in water quality monitoring.Nanoparticle-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(NELIBS)shows high potential in hazardous metal detection,however,encounters unstable and weak signals due to nonuniform distribution of analytes.Herein,we developed an interface self-assembly(ISA)method to create a uniformly distributed gold nanolayer at a liquid-liquid interface for positive heavy metal ions capture and NELIBS analysis.The electrostatically selfassembled Au nanoparticles(NPs)-analytes membrane was prepared at the oil-water interface by injecting ethanol into the mixture of cyclohexane and Au NPs-analytes water solution.Then,the interface self-assembled Au NPs-analytes membrane was transformed onto a laser-processed superhydrophilic Si slide for detection.Three heavy metals(cadmium(Cd),barium(Ba),and chromium(Cr))were analyzed to evaluate the stability and sensitivity of the ISA method for NELIBS.The results(Cd:RSD=3.6%,LoD=0.654 mg/L;Ba:RSD=3.4%,LoD=0.236 mg/L;Cr:RSD=7.7%,LoD=1.367 mg/L)demonstrated signal enhancement and high-stable and ultrasensitive detection.The actual sample detection(Cd:RE=7.71%,Ba:RE=6.78%)illustrated great reliability.The ISA method,creating a uniform distribution of NP-analytes at the interface,has promising prospects in NELIBS.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFB3408700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12272129 and 12122206)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2024JJ4004 and 2024JJ3003)the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation of Hunan Province(No.CX20240444)。
文摘Vibration energy harvesting presents a significant opportunity for powering wireless sensor networks and internet of things(IoT)devices,offering a sustainable alternative to traditional battery-based power sources.However,environmental vibrations are predominantly low-frequency,which presents a significant challenge to the efficient conversion of such energy.To address this challenge,this paper proposes a novel twodegree-of-freedom(2-DOF)energy harvester.The first layer of the harvester incorporates a piezoelectric composite beam(PCB)paired with permanent magnets to form a negative stiffness mechanism(NSM),which counteracts the stiffness of linear springs,thereby achieving quasi-zero stiffness(QZS)or bistable characteristics.The second layer integrates piezoelectric transduction units with triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)units to further enhance the efficiency of low-frequency vibration energy conversion.By considering the modal characteristics of the PCB,this paper establishes the electromechanical coupling equations of the harvester from an energy perspective.The mechanical responses of the masses in both layers,as well as the electrical outputs of the PCB,are analytically solved.Furthermore,the effects of the system parameters on the efficiency of low-frequency vibration energy harvesting are thoroughly analyzed.This work provides a theoretical foundation for the development of self-powered IoT sensor nodes,enabling efficient energy harvesting from ambient low-frequency vibrations.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82002241)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFA0909000)“Clinic Plus”Outstanding Project(No.2024ZY012)from Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine。
文摘Diabetes and insulinoma represent opposing alterations in pancreatic β-cell mass,with diabetes resulting from irreversible β-cells damage and insulinoma arising from abnormal proliferation.Early diagnosis of both conditions necessitates effectiveβ-cell mass detection.Current detection methods are limited in diagnosing each condition individually or lacking timely and accurate detection.Diabetes is typically identified only after significantβ-cell loss,while insulinoma can evade conventional imaging due to their small size.Positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)imaging,combining anatomical and functional data,enhances diagnostic accuracy but faces challenges in specificity.This study employed two RNA aptamers(m12–3773 and 1–717)modified to enhance RNase resistance and conjugated with68Ga to create ^(68)Ga-NOTA-Ap.^(68)Ga-NOTA-Ap was administered to rats with pancreaticβ-cell damage and mice with insulinoma to evaluate its ability to image islets,detect changes in pancreatic β-cell mass(BCM),and identify insulinoma.Modified with methoxy and fluoro,RNA aptamers exhibited enhanced stability and RNases resistance while retaining their dissociation constants(K_(d)).Furthermore,^(68)Ga-NOTA-Ap effectively detected changes of BCM in rats with pancreatic β-cell damage and imaged insulinoma in mice through recognition of abnormalβ-cell proliferation by recognizing clusterin and transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 6(TMED6)on pancreaticβ-cell.The developed ^(68)Ga-NOTA-Ap shows promise for early screening of diabetes and insulinoma due to its high sensitivity,specificity,and non-invasive nature.It has potential clinical applications for monitoring pancreatic β-cell function and diagnosing insulinoma.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,no.61804063)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(nos.YDZJ202401307ZYTS and 20220201070GX)。
文摘Memristive devices based on in-memory computing architectures offer a promising strategy for overcoming the energy bottlenecks inherent in big data systems.However,uncontrolled ion migration at the material level remains a key challenge,compromising device stability and hindering practical applications.Here,we employ a chemical optimization strategy that dynamically induces the precipitation of Ag atoms under applied voltage,creating fixed atomic sites to achieve precise control over ion migration,synergistically enhancing the memory and computing capabilities of the device.Compared to unoptimized samples,the proposed device exhibits an approximately 8-fold improvement in robustness,a 3-fold enhancement in stability,high mechanical endurance,and reliable multilevel data storage capability.We further construct a device array and incorporate an efficient reservoir computing model,achieving handwritten digit recognition with an accuracy of up to 90.81%.In summary,this work proposes a dynamic Ag/Ag^(+)anchoring strategy and demonstrates a memristor-based approach that integrates storage and computation to enable energy-efficient artificial intelligence processing,offering a scalable solution for sustainable intelligence in the big data era.
文摘BACKGROUND Cervical spondylosis(CS)frequently co-occurs with generalized anxiety disorder(GAD),presenting a complex clinical challenge.Managing CS-related pain in patients with GAD is particularly challenging because of the bidirectional relationship between pain and anxiety,necessitating integrated treatment strategies.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of electroacupuncture(EA)in treating CS-related pain and anxiety in patients with GAD.METHODS This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 83 patients with CS-related pain and GAD who received EA treatment over 2-year period.Pain intensity was assessed using the visual analog scale,and anxiety symptoms were measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale.Additionally,neuroinflammatory markers,including interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,were examined.Outcomes were evaluated at baseline,after 4 weeks,and after 8 weeks of treatment.RESULTS EA treatment significantly reduced CS-related pain(mean visual analog scale reduction:3.24±1.18;P<0.001)and improved anxiety symptoms(mean Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale reduction:7.83±2.65;P<0.001)after 8 weeks of treatment.Neuroinflammatory markers also showed significant reductions,with interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels decreasing by 32.7%and 28.5%,respectively(P<0.01).Pain reduction was significantly correlated with improvements in anxiety symptoms(r=0.68;P<0.001)and a decrease in inflammatory markers(r=0.54;P<0.01).CONCLUSION EA demonstrates significant efficacy in reducing CS-related pain in patients with comorbid GAD,along with concurrent improvements in anxiety symptoms and neuroinflammatory profiles.These findings suggest that EA may offer a valuable integrative approach for managing this complex clinical presentation,potentially addressing both pain and anxiety through the modulation of neuroinflammatory pathways.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:52192691,52192690。
文摘Rock is geometrically and mechanically multiscale in nature,and the traditional phenomenological laws at the macroscale cannot render a quantitative relationship between microscopic damage of rocks and overall rock structural degradation.This may lead to problems in the evaluation of rock structure stability and safe life.Multiscale numerical modeling is regarded as an effective way to gain insight into factors affecting rock properties from a cross-scale view.This study compiles the history of theoretical developments and numerical techniques related to rock multiscale issues according to different modeling architectures,that is,the homogenization theory,the hierarchical approach,and the concurrent approach.For these approaches,their benefits,drawbacks,and application scope are underlined.Despite the considerable attempts that have been made,some key issues still result in multiple challenges.Therefore,this study points out the perspectives of rock multiscale issues so as to provide a research direction for the future.The review results show that,in addition to numerical techniques,for example,high-performance computing,more attention should be paid to the development of an advanced constitutive model with consideration of fine geometrical descriptions of rock to facilitate solutions to multiscale problems in rock mechanics and rock engineering.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52261035,52201223,52371006,52371194)Applied Basic Projects of Yunnan province(No.202101BA070001-233).
文摘Superelastic martensitic transformation(MT)confers a considerable elastocaloric response to shape memory alloys,but the significant hysteretic loss cripples the energy conversion efficiency.In the present work,large elastocaloric effect with high refrigeration efficiency is realized in a polycrystalline Co_(50)V_(35)Ga_(15)Heusler alloy.Experimental results show that the studied alloy undergoes a paramagnetic type MT from L2_(1)cubic austenite to D0_(22)tetragonal martensite with a small thermal hysteresis(ΔT_(hys))of~3 K.By carefully examining the strain rate dependence of superelastic response,it is also found that the stress hysteresis(Δσ_(hys))consists of two components including intrinsic stress hysteresis(Δσ_(hys)^(int.))caused by inherent attribute of MT and extrinsic stress hysteresis(Δσ_(hys)^(ext.))aroused by applied strain rate.Accordingly,we put forward a strain relaxation equation to separate the relative contributions betweenΔσ_(hys)^(int.)andΔσ_(hys)^(ext.)quantitatively,which demonstrates that a smallΔT_(hys)is conducive to substantial decrease inΔσ_(hys)^(int.).Moreover,associated with stress-induced superelastic MT,large reversible adiabatic temperature changes(ΔT_(ad))higher than 11 K are achieved under an applied strain of 6.5%over a temperature range of at least 60 K.With the combination of a large elastocaloric cooling capacity and a low energy dissipation,significant improvements in refrigeration efficiency can be obtained in a wide strain range,being superior to those reported in most of typical elastocaloric materials near room temperature.
文摘Objective To report the development,validation,and findings of the Multi-dimensional Attention Rating Scale(MARS),a self-report tool crafted to evaluate six-dimension attention levels.Methods The MARS was developed based on Classical Test Theory(CTT).Totally 202 highly educated healthy adult participants were recruited for reliability and validity tests.Reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability.Structural validity was explored using principal component analysis.Criterion validity was analyzed by correlating MARS scores with the Toronto Hospital Alertness Test(THAT),the Attentional Control Scale(ACS),and the Attention Network Test(ANT).Results The MARS comprises 12 items spanning six distinct dimensions of attention:focused attention,sustained attention,shifting attention,selective attention,divided attention,and response inhibition.As assessed by six experts,the content validation index(CVI)was 0.95,the Cronbach's alpha for the MARS was 0.78,and the test-retest reliability was 0.81.Four factors were identified(cumulative variance contribution rate 68.79%).The total score of MARS was correlated positively with THAT(r=0.60,P<0.01)and ACS(r=0.78,P<0.01)and negatively with ANT's reaction time for alerting(r=−0.31,P=0.049).Conclusion The MARS can reliably and validly assess six-dimension attention levels in real-world settings and is expected to be a new tool for assessing multi-dimensional attention impairments in different mental disorders.
基金Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Initiative for Innovative Medicine,Grant/Award Number:2021-I2M-1-035 and 2022-I2M-1-011。
文摘Background:Dengue fever,an acute insect-borne infectious disease caused by the dengue virus(DENV),poses a great challenge to global public health.Hepatic involve-ment is the most common complication of severe dengue and is closely related to the occurrence and development of disease.However,the features of adaptive immune responses associated with liver injury in severe dengue are not clear.Methods:We used single-cell sequencing to examine the liver tissues of mild or se-vere dengue mice model to analyze the changes in immune response of T cells in the liver after dengue virus infection,and the immune interaction between macrophages and T cells.Flow cytometry was used to detect T cells and macrophages in mouse liver and blood to verify the single-cell sequencing results.Results:Our result showed CTLs were significantly activated in the severe liver injury group but the immune function-related signal pathway was down-regulated.The rea-son may be that the excessive immune response in the severe group at the late stage of DENV infection induces the polarization of macrophages into M2 type,and the macrophages then inhibit T cell immunity through the TGF-βsignaling pathway.In ad-dition,the increased proportion of Treg cells suggested that Th17/Treg homeostasis was disrupted in the livers of severe liver injury mice.Conclusions:In this study,single-cell sequencing and flow cytometry revealed the characteristic changes of T cell immune response and the role of macrophages in the liver of severe dengue fever mice.Our study provides a better understanding of the pathogenesis of liver injury in dengue fever patients.
文摘Hepatitis B is a major health concern in the Asia-Pacific region, and is endemic in China, Southeast Asia, and Africa. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may cause hepatic cirrhosis and liver cancer. It is estimated that there are more than 350 million chronic HBV carriers worldwide, of whom approximately one quarter will die of chronic hepatitis B-related liver diseases. HBV is transmitted horizontally through blood and blood products or by sexual transmission, and vertically from mother to infant. Perinatal infection is the predominant mode of transmission in countries with a high prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriage, and perinatal transmission leads to high rates of chronic infection. Therefore, it is important to prevent the mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HBV. Research has shown that pregnant women with high HBV DNA levels have an increased risk of MTCT. However, most of the obstetrics guidelines do not make a distinction between pregnant women with high HBV DNA levels and those who are HBsAg positive only. This review addresses the management of pregnant women with high levels of HBV viremia, in terms of antiviral therapy, use of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG), the combined application of hepatitis B vaccine and HBIG, choice of delivery mode and feeding practices. (C) 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
基金partially sponsored by the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91941105,51790511)the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2015CB/755802)。
文摘Ice accretion on the wings seriously threatens the flight safety of an aircraft.From the perspectives of ensuring flight safety and saving power consumption,the ice shape modulation method using distributed plasma is proposed.Distributed plasma actuator units are designed to modulate the spanwise continuous ice at the leading edge into periodically segmented ice pieces,forming a wavy leading edge.Both airfoil and scaled aircraft model,with continuous and modulated ice,are experimentally investigated and simulated.Compared with the continuous ice,ice shape modulation can significantly improve the aerodynamic performance,flight control characteristics and flight safety.This method can save about half electric power,which is very beneficial for application.
基金supported by the Innovation Program of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(12ZZ100)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality+5 种基金China(10ZR1410800)the Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission‘Molecular Physiology’the Foundation for the University Scientific Selection and Cultivation for Excellent Youth Scholars of Shanghai MunicipalityChinathe National Basic Research Development Program of China(2010CB529806)
文摘Epigallocatechin-3-gallate （EGCG）, a major polyphenol in green tea, has been considered a potential therapeutic and chemopreventive agent for cancer. Glioma is a malignant tumor with high mortality but effective therapy has not yet been developed. In this study, we found that EGCG induced apoptosis in U251 glioma cells via the laminin receptor （molecular weight 67kDa） in a time- and dose-dependent manner, decreased their invasiveness and inhibited their proliferation. The mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway was shown to be involved in glioma cell apoptosis and proliferation. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase （MMP）-2 and MMP-9 were reduced after EGCG treatment. These results suggest that EGCG has important therapeutic effects with low toxicity and side-effects, and could be used in cancer chemoprevention.
基金the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(Bx20200386)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M703586)+1 种基金Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(52130401)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52204064,52104055)for financial support.
文摘Nanocellulose,a natural polymeric nanomaterial,has attracted significant attention in enhanced oil recovery(EOR)applications due to its abundance,nanoscale,high oil-water interfacial adsorption ef-ficiency.In this study,surface-functionalized cellulose nanocrystals(SF-CNCs)were prepared via hy-drochloric acid hydrolysis and chemical modification,with adaptable nanosize and considerable dispersion stability in low-permeability reservoirs.The SF-CNCs were structurally characterized by FT-IR,Cryo-TEM,which have a diameter of 5-10 nm and a length of 100-200 nm.The SF-CNC dispersions possessed higher stability and stronger salt-tolerance than those of corresponding CNC dispersions,due to the strong hydrophilicity of the sulfonic acid group.It was synergistically used with a non-ionic surfactant(APG1214)to formulate a combined flooding system(0.1 wt%SF-CNC+0.2 wt%APG1214).The combined flooding system exhibits strong emulsification stability,low oil-water interfacial tension of o.03 mN/m,and the ability to alter the wettability for oil-wetting rocks.Furthermore,the combined system was_able to provide an optimum EOR efficiency of 20.2%in low-permeability cores with 30.13×10^(-3)μm^(2).Notably.it can enlarge the sweep volume and increase the displacement efficiency simultaneously.Overall,the newly formulated nanocellulose/surfactant combined system exhibits a remarkable EoR performance in low-permeability reservoirs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31800790, 81530051 and 31670966)
文摘The study conveys an idea to enhance the osseointegration of titanium implant (Ti) through modulating macrophages M2 polarization. The ?100 nm spherical mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) that compromised of ~4-nm-diameter nano? tunnels were synthesized by the conventional "sol-gel" method, into which the dexamethasone (DEX) was loaded (DEX@ MSN). The DEX@MSN could consistently release DEX and showed favorable cytocompatibility in RAW264.7 cells. The arginase-1 expression, a specific marker for macrophages M2 polarization, was also enhanced by DEX @ MSN treatment. Then, the Ti was pre-treated with anodization under 5 V to generate the titania nanotubes with ?30 nm diameter (NT-30) and the DEX @ MSN was introduced onto NT-30 surface via electrophoretic deposition, with the aid of chitosan. After optimizing the deposition parameters, the supernatants of RAW264.7 from the decorated implant surface could significantly promote the osteogenic differentiation of murine primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. These findings demonstrate that delivery of DEX from implant surface can modulate the macrophages M2 polarization and result in favorable osteogenesis.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2021ZY79)Beijing Municipal Education Commission through the Innovative Transdisciplinary Program "Ecological Restoration Engineering” (No. GJJXK210102)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 42075169, U1810209)National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2021YFE0110800)Chinese-Serbian collaboration project (No. 451-03-1205/2021-09)。
文摘A series of monolithic MnO_(2)/iron mesh (IM) catalysts for oxidation of toluene were successfully prepared by using in situ hydrothermal growth.MnO_(2)can grow firmly on the IM substrates surface with a shedding rate of only 0.14%.Due to the highest O_(ads) and high-valent Mn^(4+) and Fe^(3+) elements,the temperature at 50% and 90% toluene conversion (T_(50%) and T_(90%)) was 252 and 265℃,respectively for the best performance catalyst (hydrothermal temperature of 80℃,hydrothermal time of 12 h,and precursor manganese ion concentration of 0.03 mol/L).The catalysts also presented good water resistance and cycle performance.In-situ DRIFTS results suggesting that toluene was first rapid transformed into the reaction intermediate species (benzoate species) and then converted to CO_(2)and H_(2)O.Therefore,this work provides a new direction for the research and application of IM-based monolithic catalysts.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (51179041)Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (No. 2013ZX07201003)the State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment (Harbin Institute of Technology) (No. 2014TS05)
文摘Our study sought to assess how much phosphorus（P） runoff from paddy fields could be cut down by fertilizer management and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A field experiment was conducted in Lalin River basin, in the northeast China： six nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer levels were provided（0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of the recommended fertilizer supply）, with or without inoculation with Glomus mosseae. The volume and concentrations of particle P（PP） and dissolved P（DP） were measured for each runoff during the rice growing season. It was found that the seasonal P runoff, including DP and PP, under the local fertilization was 3.7 kg/ha, with PP, rather than DP, being the main form of P in runoff water. Additionally, the seasonal P runoff dropped only by 8.9% when fertilization decreased by 20%; rice yields decreased with declining fertilization. We also found that inoculation increased rice yields and decreased P runoff at each fertilizer level and these effects were lower under higher fertilization. Conclusively, while rice yields were guaranteed arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and fertilizer management would play a key role in reducing P runoff from paddy fields.
