Patients with head and neck cancer face great challenges in maintaining optimal nutrition since both the disease itself and treatments,especially surgery and concurrent chemoradiotherapy,have a significant negative im...Patients with head and neck cancer face great challenges in maintaining optimal nutrition since both the disease itself and treatments,especially surgery and concurrent chemoradiotherapy,have a significant negative impact on the nutritional status.A fundamental understanding of the nutrient metabolism of patients with head and neck cancer will aid in treatment selection.In this review,metabolic abnormalities presented in patients with head and neck cancer are discussed,together with methods of nutritional support,dietary intervention,and potential roles of phytonutrients,probiotics,and exercise in nutritional therapy for head and neck cancer patients.展开更多
Nutrition interventions have traditionally been used to support patients with malnutrition secondary to cancer and cancer treatments and more recently have been utilized in the primary and secondary prevention of comm...Nutrition interventions have traditionally been used to support patients with malnutrition secondary to cancer and cancer treatments and more recently have been utilized in the primary and secondary prevention of common forms of cancer. A fundamental understanding of the nutrient metabolism of patients with cancer is essential for providing optimal nutrition to best support the patients while suppressing cancer growth and enhancing the body’s response to treatment. In this article, the metabolism abnormality of patients with cancer is reviewed together with nutritional assessment, dietary intervention, and nutritional therapy for cancer patients.展开更多
This pilot study was conducted to evaluate the impact of spices added to broccoli, cauliflower, and spinach on amount and rate of vegetable consumption. Twenty overweight subjects who routinely ate less than three dai...This pilot study was conducted to evaluate the impact of spices added to broccoli, cauliflower, and spinach on amount and rate of vegetable consumption. Twenty overweight subjects who routinely ate less than three daily servings of vegetables were recruited. On six occasions, subjects were assigned in random order to eat broccoli, cauliflower, or spinach with or without added spices. Dishes were placed on a modified Universal Eating Monitor (UEM) that recorded rate of eating (g/sec), duration of eating (min) and total amount consumed (g). Total intake and duration of eating were increased significantly for broccoli with spices compared to plain broccoli, but there was no significant difference for cauliflower or spinach. No significant differences were noted in any of the visual analog scale (VAS) responses. This study suggests that adding spices may increase vegetable intake, but more studies in greater numbers of subjects are needed.展开更多
Aim:The microbiome has been shown to be pivotal in the development of metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).Few have examined the relationship of the microbiome specifically with steatosis grade.Therefore,ou...Aim:The microbiome has been shown to be pivotal in the development of metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).Few have examined the relationship of the microbiome specifically with steatosis grade.Therefore,our aim was to characterize the association of the microbiome with MAFLD steatosis severity while adjusting for metabolic comorbidities including diabetes.Methods:We enrolled patients with MAFLD at the West Los Angeles Veterans Affair Hospital.All patients underwent ultrasound elastography,fasting serum collection,and fecal sampling for 16S sequencing.We examined the associations of microbial diversity and composition with advanced steatosis,defined as a CAP score of≥300 dB/m,with or without the presence of metabolic comorbidities.Results:Seventy-five patients were enrolled.African American were less likely to have advanced steatosis than either Hispanics or Whites(P=0.001).Patients with more advanced steatosis had higher fasting serum triglyceride(192.6±157.1 mg/dL vs.122.5±57.4 mg/dL),HbA1c(6.7%±1.4%vs.6.1%±0.8%),transaminases,and were more likely to have metabolic syndrome(52.4%vs.24.2%,P=0.02).Advanced steatosis and diabetes were associated with altered microbial composition.Bacteroides was negatively associated with advanced steatosis while Megasphaera was positively associated with steatosis.Akkermansia was negatively associated with diabetes,while Anaerostipes and Parabacteroides were positively associated with diabetes.Conclusion:Diabetes and metabolic syndrome are associated with hepatic steatosis severity in MAFLD patients and both advanced steatosis and comorbid diabetes are independently associated with microbiome changes.These results provide insight into the role of the gut microbiome in MAFLD associated with metabolic syndrome.展开更多
文摘Patients with head and neck cancer face great challenges in maintaining optimal nutrition since both the disease itself and treatments,especially surgery and concurrent chemoradiotherapy,have a significant negative impact on the nutritional status.A fundamental understanding of the nutrient metabolism of patients with head and neck cancer will aid in treatment selection.In this review,metabolic abnormalities presented in patients with head and neck cancer are discussed,together with methods of nutritional support,dietary intervention,and potential roles of phytonutrients,probiotics,and exercise in nutritional therapy for head and neck cancer patients.
文摘Nutrition interventions have traditionally been used to support patients with malnutrition secondary to cancer and cancer treatments and more recently have been utilized in the primary and secondary prevention of common forms of cancer. A fundamental understanding of the nutrient metabolism of patients with cancer is essential for providing optimal nutrition to best support the patients while suppressing cancer growth and enhancing the body’s response to treatment. In this article, the metabolism abnormality of patients with cancer is reviewed together with nutritional assessment, dietary intervention, and nutritional therapy for cancer patients.
文摘This pilot study was conducted to evaluate the impact of spices added to broccoli, cauliflower, and spinach on amount and rate of vegetable consumption. Twenty overweight subjects who routinely ate less than three daily servings of vegetables were recruited. On six occasions, subjects were assigned in random order to eat broccoli, cauliflower, or spinach with or without added spices. Dishes were placed on a modified Universal Eating Monitor (UEM) that recorded rate of eating (g/sec), duration of eating (min) and total amount consumed (g). Total intake and duration of eating were increased significantly for broccoli with spices compared to plain broccoli, but there was no significant difference for cauliflower or spinach. No significant differences were noted in any of the visual analog scale (VAS) responses. This study suggests that adding spices may increase vegetable intake, but more studies in greater numbers of subjects are needed.
基金funded by the Department of Veterans Affairs,grant number IK2CX001717(J.P.J.).
文摘Aim:The microbiome has been shown to be pivotal in the development of metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).Few have examined the relationship of the microbiome specifically with steatosis grade.Therefore,our aim was to characterize the association of the microbiome with MAFLD steatosis severity while adjusting for metabolic comorbidities including diabetes.Methods:We enrolled patients with MAFLD at the West Los Angeles Veterans Affair Hospital.All patients underwent ultrasound elastography,fasting serum collection,and fecal sampling for 16S sequencing.We examined the associations of microbial diversity and composition with advanced steatosis,defined as a CAP score of≥300 dB/m,with or without the presence of metabolic comorbidities.Results:Seventy-five patients were enrolled.African American were less likely to have advanced steatosis than either Hispanics or Whites(P=0.001).Patients with more advanced steatosis had higher fasting serum triglyceride(192.6±157.1 mg/dL vs.122.5±57.4 mg/dL),HbA1c(6.7%±1.4%vs.6.1%±0.8%),transaminases,and were more likely to have metabolic syndrome(52.4%vs.24.2%,P=0.02).Advanced steatosis and diabetes were associated with altered microbial composition.Bacteroides was negatively associated with advanced steatosis while Megasphaera was positively associated with steatosis.Akkermansia was negatively associated with diabetes,while Anaerostipes and Parabacteroides were positively associated with diabetes.Conclusion:Diabetes and metabolic syndrome are associated with hepatic steatosis severity in MAFLD patients and both advanced steatosis and comorbid diabetes are independently associated with microbiome changes.These results provide insight into the role of the gut microbiome in MAFLD associated with metabolic syndrome.
