Objective:This study aims to investigate the potential molecular mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)based on network pharmacology.Methods:Active components of Salvia miltiorr...Objective:This study aims to investigate the potential molecular mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)based on network pharmacology.Methods:Active components of Salvia miltiorrhiza were screened via the TCMSP database,and their potential targets were predicted using Swiss Target Prediction.BPH-related targets were obtained from Gene Cards and OMIM databases.Common targets between the herb and BPH were used to con-struct a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network via STRING and visualized using Cytoscape.Core targets were identifi ed,and Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses were conducted(P≤0.01).Results:A total of 57 active components and 818 targets of Salvia miltiorrhiza were identifi ed.Intersection analysis yielded 458 potential targets associated with BPH.PPI network analysis revealed core targets including SRC,PIK3R1,and PIK3CA.GO enrichment analysis indicated that the targets were primarily associated with biological processes(BP)such as calcium ion homeostasis,cellular components(CC)including focal adhesions,and molecular functions(MF)such as tyrosine kinase activity.KEGG pathway analysis indicated that Salvia miltiorrhiza may exert therapeutic effects through pathways including MAPK,PI3K-Akt,and calcium signaling(P≤0.01).Conclusion:Salvia miltiorrhiza may regulate BPH through a multi-component,multi-target,and multi-pathway network,providing a theoretical basis for its clinical application.展开更多
Objective:Tanshinone ⅡA,one of the most abundant liposoluble components isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza,exhibits significant biological activities in anti-inflammatory,antibacterial...Objective:Tanshinone ⅡA,one of the most abundant liposoluble components isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza,exhibits significant biological activities in anti-inflammatory,antibacterial,and antitumor eff ects.This study aims to systematically explore the mechanism of Tanshinone ⅡA through bioinformatics.Methods:We utilized the TCMSP database to retrieve the oral bioavailability(OB)and drug-likeness(DL)of Tanshinone ⅡA.The gene chip numbered GSE85871 was downloaded from the GEO database,and diff erential genes were analyzed using R language to identify potential targets of Tanshinone ⅡA.After obtaining these targets,GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were performed using the DAVID 6.8 database.Diseases related to Tanshinone ⅡA were explored through the CTD database.Finally,Cytoscape was employed to construct a visual network of multiple targets,pathways,and diseases associated with Tanshinone ⅡA.Results:Tanshinone ⅡA demonstrated good drug effi cacy with an OB value of 49.89%and a DL value of 0.4.A total of 132 potential targets were identifi ed,primarily exhibiting gene co-expression and physical interaction in the PPI network.These targets were enriched in biological processes and pathways such as ovarian steroidogenesis,cell cycle,and steroid hormone biosynthesis.Tanshinone ⅡA was found to be relevant in the treatment of diseases including breast tumors,hypertension,atherosclerosis,gliomas,vascular system injuries,left ventricular hypertrophy,leukemia,and hearing loss.Conclusion:Utilizing bioinformatics approaches,we systematically analyzed the possible molecular mechanisms of Tanshinone ⅡA,providing potential targets and insights into its pharmacological mechanisms and treatment strategies.展开更多
In the context of China's efforts to establish a global network of free trade areas and diversify its export products, this study explores the impact of trade agreement depth on China's export diversification....In the context of China's efforts to establish a global network of free trade areas and diversify its export products, this study explores the impact of trade agreement depth on China's export diversification. Building upon a trade model with multiproduct firms, we discover that the effect of trade agreement depth on export diversification is multifaceted, depending on the relative magnitude of the “market expansion effect” and the “competition intensification effect.” Through empirical analysis of China's exports to 132 countries (or regions) from 2000 to 2015, we find that the deepening of trade agreements affected China's export diversification negatively. This negative correlation was predominantly due to the similarity in comparative advantages between China and its trade partners, leading to the “competition intensification effect” overshadowing the “market expansion effect.” We also note that “natural” agreements, when deepened, were more likely to affect China's export diversification adversely than their “non-natural” counterparts. Moreover, as export diversification increased, the marginal impact of deepening trade agreements exhibited an inverted U-shaped trajectory.展开更多
文摘Objective:This study aims to investigate the potential molecular mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)based on network pharmacology.Methods:Active components of Salvia miltiorrhiza were screened via the TCMSP database,and their potential targets were predicted using Swiss Target Prediction.BPH-related targets were obtained from Gene Cards and OMIM databases.Common targets between the herb and BPH were used to con-struct a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network via STRING and visualized using Cytoscape.Core targets were identifi ed,and Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses were conducted(P≤0.01).Results:A total of 57 active components and 818 targets of Salvia miltiorrhiza were identifi ed.Intersection analysis yielded 458 potential targets associated with BPH.PPI network analysis revealed core targets including SRC,PIK3R1,and PIK3CA.GO enrichment analysis indicated that the targets were primarily associated with biological processes(BP)such as calcium ion homeostasis,cellular components(CC)including focal adhesions,and molecular functions(MF)such as tyrosine kinase activity.KEGG pathway analysis indicated that Salvia miltiorrhiza may exert therapeutic effects through pathways including MAPK,PI3K-Akt,and calcium signaling(P≤0.01).Conclusion:Salvia miltiorrhiza may regulate BPH through a multi-component,multi-target,and multi-pathway network,providing a theoretical basis for its clinical application.
文摘Objective:Tanshinone ⅡA,one of the most abundant liposoluble components isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza,exhibits significant biological activities in anti-inflammatory,antibacterial,and antitumor eff ects.This study aims to systematically explore the mechanism of Tanshinone ⅡA through bioinformatics.Methods:We utilized the TCMSP database to retrieve the oral bioavailability(OB)and drug-likeness(DL)of Tanshinone ⅡA.The gene chip numbered GSE85871 was downloaded from the GEO database,and diff erential genes were analyzed using R language to identify potential targets of Tanshinone ⅡA.After obtaining these targets,GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were performed using the DAVID 6.8 database.Diseases related to Tanshinone ⅡA were explored through the CTD database.Finally,Cytoscape was employed to construct a visual network of multiple targets,pathways,and diseases associated with Tanshinone ⅡA.Results:Tanshinone ⅡA demonstrated good drug effi cacy with an OB value of 49.89%and a DL value of 0.4.A total of 132 potential targets were identifi ed,primarily exhibiting gene co-expression and physical interaction in the PPI network.These targets were enriched in biological processes and pathways such as ovarian steroidogenesis,cell cycle,and steroid hormone biosynthesis.Tanshinone ⅡA was found to be relevant in the treatment of diseases including breast tumors,hypertension,atherosclerosis,gliomas,vascular system injuries,left ventricular hypertrophy,leukemia,and hearing loss.Conclusion:Utilizing bioinformatics approaches,we systematically analyzed the possible molecular mechanisms of Tanshinone ⅡA,providing potential targets and insights into its pharmacological mechanisms and treatment strategies.
基金The authors are grateful for support from the China National Social Science Foundation(Nos.19BJY192 and 23BGL151).
文摘In the context of China's efforts to establish a global network of free trade areas and diversify its export products, this study explores the impact of trade agreement depth on China's export diversification. Building upon a trade model with multiproduct firms, we discover that the effect of trade agreement depth on export diversification is multifaceted, depending on the relative magnitude of the “market expansion effect” and the “competition intensification effect.” Through empirical analysis of China's exports to 132 countries (or regions) from 2000 to 2015, we find that the deepening of trade agreements affected China's export diversification negatively. This negative correlation was predominantly due to the similarity in comparative advantages between China and its trade partners, leading to the “competition intensification effect” overshadowing the “market expansion effect.” We also note that “natural” agreements, when deepened, were more likely to affect China's export diversification adversely than their “non-natural” counterparts. Moreover, as export diversification increased, the marginal impact of deepening trade agreements exhibited an inverted U-shaped trajectory.
