The rapid development of neuromorphic computing has led to widespread investigation of artificial synapses.These synapses can perform parallel in-memory computing functions while transmitting signals,enabling low-ener...The rapid development of neuromorphic computing has led to widespread investigation of artificial synapses.These synapses can perform parallel in-memory computing functions while transmitting signals,enabling low-energy and fast artificial intelligence.Robots are the most ideal endpoint for the application of artificial intelligence.In the human nervous system,there are different types of synapses for sensory input,allowing for signal preprocessing at the receiving end.Therefore,the development of anthropomorphic intelligent robots requires not only an artificial intelligence system as the brain but also the combination of multimodal artificial synapses for multisensory sensing,including visual,tactile,olfactory,auditory,and taste.This article reviews the working mechanisms of artificial synapses with different stimulation and response modalities,and presents their use in various neuromorphic tasks.We aim to provide researchers in this frontier field with a comprehensive understanding of multimodal artificial synapses.展开更多
Magnetic resonances not only play crucial roles in artificial magnetic materials but also offer a promising way for light control and interaction with matter.Recently,magnetic resonance effects have attracted special ...Magnetic resonances not only play crucial roles in artificial magnetic materials but also offer a promising way for light control and interaction with matter.Recently,magnetic resonance effects have attracted special attention in plasmonic systems for overcoming magnetic response saturation at high frequencies and realizing high-performance optical functionalities.As novel states of matter,topological insulators(TIs)present topologically protected conducting surfaces and insulating bulks in a broad optical range,providing new building blocks for plasmonics.However,until now,high-frequency(e.g.visible range)magnetic resonances and related applications have not been demonstrated in TI systems.Herein,we report for the first time,to our knowledge,a kind of visible range magnetic plasmon resonances(MPRs)in TI structures composed of nanofabricated Sb_(2)Te_(3) nanogrooves.The experimental results show that the MPR response can be tailored by adjusting the nanogroove height,width,and pitch,which agrees well with the simulations and theoretical calculations.Moreover,we innovatively integrated monolayer MoS_(2) onto a TI nanostructure and observed strongly reinforced light-MoS_(2) interactions induced by a significant MPR-induced electric field enhancement,remarkable compared with TI-based electric plasmon resonances(EPRs).The MoS_(2) photoluminescence can be flexibly tuned by controlling the incident light polarization.These results enrich TI optical physics and applications in highly efficient optical functionalities as well as artificial magnetic materials at high frequencies.展开更多
The rapid development of neuromorphic computing has stimulated extensive research interest in artificial synapses.Optoelectronic artificial synapses using laser beams as stimulus signals have the advantages of broadba...The rapid development of neuromorphic computing has stimulated extensive research interest in artificial synapses.Optoelectronic artificial synapses using laser beams as stimulus signals have the advantages of broadband,fast response,and low crosstalk.However,the optoelectronic synapses usually exhibit short memory duration due to the low lifetime of the photo-generated carriers.It greatly limits the mimicking of human perceptual learning,which is a common phenomenon in sensory interactions with the environment and practices of specific sensory tasks.Herein,a heterostructure optoelectronic synapse based on graphene nanowalls and CsPbBr_(3) quantum dots was fabricated.The graphene/CsPbBr_(3) heterojunction and the natural middle energy band in graphene nanowalls extend the carrier lifetime.Therefore,a long half-life period of photocurrent decay-35.59 s has been achieved.Moreover,the long-term optoelec-tronic response can be controlled by the adjustment of numbers,powers,wavelengths,and frequencies of the laser pulses.Next,an artificial neural network consisting of a 28×28 synaptic array was established.It can be used to mimic a typical characteristic of human perceptual learning that the ability of sensory systems is enhanced through a learning experience.The learning behavior of image recognition can be tuned based on the photocurrent response control.The accuracy of image recognition keeps above 80%even under a low-frequency learning process.We also verify that less time is required to regain the lost sensory ability that has been previously learned.This approach paves the way toward high-performance intelligent devices with controlla-ble learning of visual perception.展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(grant no.21DZ1100500)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project,the Shanghai Frontiers Science Center Program(2021-2025 No.20)the Shanghai Sailing Program(23YF1429500).
文摘The rapid development of neuromorphic computing has led to widespread investigation of artificial synapses.These synapses can perform parallel in-memory computing functions while transmitting signals,enabling low-energy and fast artificial intelligence.Robots are the most ideal endpoint for the application of artificial intelligence.In the human nervous system,there are different types of synapses for sensory input,allowing for signal preprocessing at the receiving end.Therefore,the development of anthropomorphic intelligent robots requires not only an artificial intelligence system as the brain but also the combination of multimodal artificial synapses for multisensory sensing,including visual,tactile,olfactory,auditory,and taste.This article reviews the working mechanisms of artificial synapses with different stimulation and response modalities,and presents their use in various neuromorphic tasks.We aim to provide researchers in this frontier field with a comprehensive understanding of multimodal artificial synapses.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0303800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11974283,61705186,11774290,11634010,and 61605065)+2 种基金Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2020JM-130)Guangzhou Science and Technology Program(201804010322)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2020A1515011510).
文摘Magnetic resonances not only play crucial roles in artificial magnetic materials but also offer a promising way for light control and interaction with matter.Recently,magnetic resonance effects have attracted special attention in plasmonic systems for overcoming magnetic response saturation at high frequencies and realizing high-performance optical functionalities.As novel states of matter,topological insulators(TIs)present topologically protected conducting surfaces and insulating bulks in a broad optical range,providing new building blocks for plasmonics.However,until now,high-frequency(e.g.visible range)magnetic resonances and related applications have not been demonstrated in TI systems.Herein,we report for the first time,to our knowledge,a kind of visible range magnetic plasmon resonances(MPRs)in TI structures composed of nanofabricated Sb_(2)Te_(3) nanogrooves.The experimental results show that the MPR response can be tailored by adjusting the nanogroove height,width,and pitch,which agrees well with the simulations and theoretical calculations.Moreover,we innovatively integrated monolayer MoS_(2) onto a TI nanostructure and observed strongly reinforced light-MoS_(2) interactions induced by a significant MPR-induced electric field enhancement,remarkable compared with TI-based electric plasmon resonances(EPRs).The MoS_(2) photoluminescence can be flexibly tuned by controlling the incident light polarization.These results enrich TI optical physics and applications in highly efficient optical functionalities as well as artificial magnetic materials at high frequencies.
基金Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project,the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(STCSM)with No.21DZ1100500Zhangjiang National Innovation Demonstration Zone(ZJ2019-ZD-005)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(11974247)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M692136).
文摘The rapid development of neuromorphic computing has stimulated extensive research interest in artificial synapses.Optoelectronic artificial synapses using laser beams as stimulus signals have the advantages of broadband,fast response,and low crosstalk.However,the optoelectronic synapses usually exhibit short memory duration due to the low lifetime of the photo-generated carriers.It greatly limits the mimicking of human perceptual learning,which is a common phenomenon in sensory interactions with the environment and practices of specific sensory tasks.Herein,a heterostructure optoelectronic synapse based on graphene nanowalls and CsPbBr_(3) quantum dots was fabricated.The graphene/CsPbBr_(3) heterojunction and the natural middle energy band in graphene nanowalls extend the carrier lifetime.Therefore,a long half-life period of photocurrent decay-35.59 s has been achieved.Moreover,the long-term optoelec-tronic response can be controlled by the adjustment of numbers,powers,wavelengths,and frequencies of the laser pulses.Next,an artificial neural network consisting of a 28×28 synaptic array was established.It can be used to mimic a typical characteristic of human perceptual learning that the ability of sensory systems is enhanced through a learning experience.The learning behavior of image recognition can be tuned based on the photocurrent response control.The accuracy of image recognition keeps above 80%even under a low-frequency learning process.We also verify that less time is required to regain the lost sensory ability that has been previously learned.This approach paves the way toward high-performance intelligent devices with controlla-ble learning of visual perception.
