The novel nickel-based catalysts with a nickel content of 12 wt% were prepared with the zirconia-alumina composite as the supports. The new carriers, ZrO2 improved alumina, were synthesized by three methods, i.e., imp...The novel nickel-based catalysts with a nickel content of 12 wt% were prepared with the zirconia-alumina composite as the supports. The new carriers, ZrO2 improved alumina, were synthesized by three methods, i.e., impregnation-precipitation, co-precipitation, and impregnation method. The catalytic properties of these catalysts were investigated in the methanation of carbon dioxide, and the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope （XPS）, temperature-programmed reduction （TPR） and temperature-programmed desorption （TPD） techniques. The new catalysts showed higher catalytic activity and better stability than Ni/γ-Al2O3. Furthermore, as a support for new nickel catalyst, the ZrO2-Al2O3 composite prepared by the impregnation-precipitation method was more efficient than the other supports in the methanation of carbon dioxide. The highly dispersed zirconium oxide on the surface of γ-Al2O3 inhibited the formation of nickel aluminate-like phase, which was responsible for the better dispersion of Ni species and easier reduction of NiO species, leading to the enhanced catalytic performance of corresponding catalyst.展开更多
The H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus(AIV)inactivated vaccine has been used extensively in poultry farms,but it often fails to stimulate a sufficiently high immune response in poultry in the field,although it works w...The H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus(AIV)inactivated vaccine has been used extensively in poultry farms,but it often fails to stimulate a sufficiently high immune response in poultry in the field,although it works well in laboratory experiments;hence,the virus still causes economic damage every year and poses a potential threat to public health.Based on surveillance data collected in the field,we found that broilers with high levels of maternal-derived antibodies(MDAs)against H9N2 virus did not produce high levels of antibodies after vaccination with a commercial H9N2 inactivated vaccine.In contrast,specific pathogen-free(SPF)chickens without MDAs responded efficiently to that vaccination.When MDAs were mimicked by administering passively transferred antibodies(PTAs)into SPF chickens in the laboratory,similar results were observed:H9N2-specific PTAs inhibited humoral immunity against the H9N2 inactivated vaccine,suggesting that H9N2-specific MDAs might hinder the generation of antibodies when H9N2 inactivated vaccine was used.After challenge with homologous H9N2 virus,the virus was detected in oropharyngeal swabs of the vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens with PTAs but not in the vaccinated chickens without PTAs,indicating that H9N2-specific MDAs were indeed one of the reasons for H9N2 inactivated vaccine failure in the field.When different titers of PTAs were used to mimic MDAs in SPF chickens,high(HI=12 log2)and medium(HI=log 9 log2)titers of PTAs reduced the generation of H9N2-specific antibodies after the first vaccination,but a booster dose would induce a high and faster humoral immune response even of PTA interference.This study strongly suggested that high or medium titers of MDAs might explain H9N2 inactivated vaccine failure in the field.展开更多
Background: Pancreatic cancer’s aberrant lipid metabolism fuels cellgrowth, invasion, and metastasis, yet its impact on immune surveillanceand immunotherapy is unclear. This study investigated how sterol regulatoryel...Background: Pancreatic cancer’s aberrant lipid metabolism fuels cellgrowth, invasion, and metastasis, yet its impact on immune surveillanceand immunotherapy is unclear. This study investigated how sterol regulatoryelement-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1)-driven lipid metabolism affectsthe tumor microenvironment (TME) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC).Methods: Clinical significance of SREBP1 was assessed in a PDAC cohort fromChina and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohorts. The in vitro mechanismsthat SREBP1 regulated programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and proproteinconvertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) were investigated using immunoflu-orescence,flow cytometry, Western blotting, luciferase assays and chromatinimmunoprecipitation. In vivo studies using PDAC-bearing mice, humanizedpatient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models, and autochthonous model ofmutation (GEMM-KTC) evaluated the efficacy and mechanisms of programmeddeath receptor 1 (PD-1) antibodies and lipid inhibitors.Results: Patients responding to anti-PD-1 therapy exhibited lower serum lipidlevelsthan non-responders. Targeting SREBP1 disrupted lipid metabolism, decel-eratedtumor growth, and boosted the efficacy of immunotherapy for PDAC.Mechanistically, SREBP1 directly bound the PD-L1 promoter, suppressing itstranscription. Meanwhile, PCSK9, a direct transcriptional target of SREBP1,modulated PD-L1 levels via lysosomal degradation. Consequently, the combina-tionof PCSK9-neutralizing antibodies with PD-1 monotherapy showed a robustantitumor effect in both humanized PDX and GEMM-KTC models.Conclusions: The SREBP1-PCSK9 axis-mediated lipid metabolism is crucial fortriggering immune evasion and resistance to anti-PD-1. Targeting the SREBP1-PCSK9 axis could potentially reverse PDAC’s resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy.展开更多
Event extraction extracts event frames from text, while grounded situation recognition detects events in images. As real-world applications frequently encounter a multitude of unforeseen events, certain researchers ha...Event extraction extracts event frames from text, while grounded situation recognition detects events in images. As real-world applications frequently encounter a multitude of unforeseen events, certain researchers have introduced cross-domain and in-domain event extraction, while grounded situation recognition primarily explores in-domain scenarios. Therefore, in this paper, we propose cross-domain grounded situation recognition and establish a new benchmark SWiG-XD. In this more challenging setting, we deepen the connection between the two tasks based on their underlying unity in two different modalities and explore how to transfer the generalization ability from text to images. Firstly, we utilize ChatGPT to automatically generate textual data, which can be divided into two categories. One category is directly matched with images, establishing a direct connection with the images. The other category encompasses all event types and possesses greater generalization. Then we employ a unified model framework to establish the association between textual concepts and local image features and achieve cross-domain generalization transfer across modalities through modality-shared prompts and self-attention mechanism. Furthermore, we incorporate textual data with higher generalization to further assist in improving generalization on images. The experimental results on the newly constructed benchmark demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.展开更多
Accurate assessment of crop biochemical profiles plays a crucial role in diagnosing their physiological status.The conventional destructive methods,although reliable,demand extensive laboratory work for measuring vari...Accurate assessment of crop biochemical profiles plays a crucial role in diagnosing their physiological status.The conventional destructive methods,although reliable,demand extensive laboratory work for measuring various traits.On the other hand,nondestructive techniques,while efficient and adaptable,often suffer from reduced precision due to the intricate interplay of the field environment and canopy structure.Striking a delicate balance between efficiency and accuracy,we have developed the Bio-Master phenotyping system.This system is capable of simultaneously measuring four vital biochemical components of the canopy profile:dry matter,water,chlorophyll,and nitrogen content.Bio-Master initiates the process by addressing structural influences,through segmenting the fresh plant and then further chopping the segment into uniform small pieces.Subsequently,the system quantifies hyperspectral reflectance and fresh weight over the sample within a controlled dark chamber,utilizing an independent light source.The final step involves employing an embedded estimation model to provide synchronous estimates for the four biochemical components of the measured sample.In this study,we established a comprehensive training dataset encompassing a wide range of rice varieties,nitrogen levels,and growth stages.Gaussian process regression model was used to estimate biochemical contents utilizing reflectance data obtained by Bio-Master.Leave-one-out validation revealed the model's capacity to accurately estimate these contents at both leaf and plant scales.With Bio-Master,measuring a single rice plant takes approximately only 5 min,yielding around 10 values for each of the four biochemical components across the vertical profile.Furthermore,the Bio-Master system allows for immediate measurements near the field,mitigating potential alterations in plant status during transportation and processing.As a result,our measurements are more likely to faithfully represent in situ values.To summarize,the Bio-Master phenotyping system offers an efficient tool for comprehensive crop biochemical profiling.It harnesses the benefits of remote sensing techniques,providing significantly greater efficiency than conventional destructive methods while maintaining superior accuracy when compared to nondestructive approaches.展开更多
CONSPECTUS:Layered materials bound by weak van der Waals(vdW)interactions offer a rich platform for exploring intriguing fundamental science in the two-dimensional(2D)limit and advancing technological innovations.Tran...CONSPECTUS:Layered materials bound by weak van der Waals(vdW)interactions offer a rich platform for exploring intriguing fundamental science in the two-dimensional(2D)limit and advancing technological innovations.Transition from bulk to 2D geometry results in profound alterations in electronic structures and crystallographic symmetries,giving rise to a plethora of novel physical effects and functionalities.Due to their atomic-scale thinness,2D materials with a high specific surface area enable postprocessing chemical modification of their basal planes to further regulate their intrinsic physical properties.Moreover,the interfacial effects induced by surface modifications can modulate properties without altering the original lattice,facilitating the emergence of novel electronic phases and exotic quantum phenomena.Consequently,extensive research is delving into surface modifications of 2D materials,paving the way to further expand the research fields of 2D materials.Notably,layered materials also feature a subnanometer-sized vdW gap between adjacent layers,enabling the incorporation of vip species and evoking a new type of surface modification called vdW gap engineering,without the need for pre-exfoliation into 2D structures.Unlike postprocessing surface modifications,direct vdW gap engineering protects vip species within the layers from environmental degradation,fostering stable vip−host structures with enhanced environmental stability.Additionally,the confined vdW gap engineering prompts electronic interactions between vip species and host materials,resulting in new physics and functionalities that cannot be achieved through traditional surface modifications.Furthermore,vdW gap engineering also enables the creation of a new class of hybrid vdW superlattices with highly adaptable structural motifs,harnessing the synergistic effects of vip species and host materials.This Account highlights recent advancements in vdW gap engineering of 2D materials from our group and other researchers.We focus on three key aspects of vdW gap engineering including the design and synthesis of low-dimensional materials,modulation of phase transitions,and fabrication of hybrid superlattices.Specifically,we provide a comprehensive overview of current vdW gap engineering methodologies such as intercalation,interlayer growth,and direct chemical growth.Various forms of host−vip interactions and their underlying mechanisms are introduced along with the exciting physical properties and functional applications.Finally,we outline the present challenges and future prospects for vdW gap engineering of 2D materials.We emphasize the crucial role of in situ characterization techniques and machine learning in advancing vdW gap engineering studies as well as potential new research directions that could open new frontiers in creating artificial vdW materials for technological innovations.展开更多
Natural hailstones were collected and analyzed in the laboratory not only for their physical properties (e.g., structure, density,shape, and air bubbles), but also for their chemical properties(e.g., organic particles...Natural hailstones were collected and analyzed in the laboratory not only for their physical properties (e.g., structure, density,shape, and air bubbles), but also for their chemical properties(e.g., organic particles, biological particles, and water-soluble ions),which can help a clear understanding on microphysics and development of hailstorms [1–4]. Aerosol particles were carried up from the atmospheric boundary layer to the free atmosphere into展开更多
基金supported by the Southwest Research & Design Institute of Chemical Industy (SKLIV GR-22010-01)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2011CB201202) of Ministry of Science and Technology
文摘The novel nickel-based catalysts with a nickel content of 12 wt% were prepared with the zirconia-alumina composite as the supports. The new carriers, ZrO2 improved alumina, were synthesized by three methods, i.e., impregnation-precipitation, co-precipitation, and impregnation method. The catalytic properties of these catalysts were investigated in the methanation of carbon dioxide, and the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope （XPS）, temperature-programmed reduction （TPR） and temperature-programmed desorption （TPD） techniques. The new catalysts showed higher catalytic activity and better stability than Ni/γ-Al2O3. Furthermore, as a support for new nickel catalyst, the ZrO2-Al2O3 composite prepared by the impregnation-precipitation method was more efficient than the other supports in the methanation of carbon dioxide. The highly dispersed zirconium oxide on the surface of γ-Al2O3 inhibited the formation of nickel aluminate-like phase, which was responsible for the better dispersion of Ni species and easier reduction of NiO species, leading to the enhanced catalytic performance of corresponding catalyst.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Plan(Nos.2016YFD0500204 and 2017YFD0500800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31772753,31572543,31700136 and 31702237)+1 种基金Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.17ZR1437400)the Project of the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(No.17391901700).
文摘The H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus(AIV)inactivated vaccine has been used extensively in poultry farms,but it often fails to stimulate a sufficiently high immune response in poultry in the field,although it works well in laboratory experiments;hence,the virus still causes economic damage every year and poses a potential threat to public health.Based on surveillance data collected in the field,we found that broilers with high levels of maternal-derived antibodies(MDAs)against H9N2 virus did not produce high levels of antibodies after vaccination with a commercial H9N2 inactivated vaccine.In contrast,specific pathogen-free(SPF)chickens without MDAs responded efficiently to that vaccination.When MDAs were mimicked by administering passively transferred antibodies(PTAs)into SPF chickens in the laboratory,similar results were observed:H9N2-specific PTAs inhibited humoral immunity against the H9N2 inactivated vaccine,suggesting that H9N2-specific MDAs might hinder the generation of antibodies when H9N2 inactivated vaccine was used.After challenge with homologous H9N2 virus,the virus was detected in oropharyngeal swabs of the vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens with PTAs but not in the vaccinated chickens without PTAs,indicating that H9N2-specific MDAs were indeed one of the reasons for H9N2 inactivated vaccine failure in the field.When different titers of PTAs were used to mimic MDAs in SPF chickens,high(HI=12 log2)and medium(HI=log 9 log2)titers of PTAs reduced the generation of H9N2-specific antibodies after the first vaccination,but a booster dose would induce a high and faster humoral immune response even of PTA interference.This study strongly suggested that high or medium titers of MDAs might explain H9N2 inactivated vaccine failure in the field.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:81830089,82071867,82188102,82403852,U20A20378,U23A20462。
文摘Background: Pancreatic cancer’s aberrant lipid metabolism fuels cellgrowth, invasion, and metastasis, yet its impact on immune surveillanceand immunotherapy is unclear. This study investigated how sterol regulatoryelement-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1)-driven lipid metabolism affectsthe tumor microenvironment (TME) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC).Methods: Clinical significance of SREBP1 was assessed in a PDAC cohort fromChina and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohorts. The in vitro mechanismsthat SREBP1 regulated programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and proproteinconvertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) were investigated using immunoflu-orescence,flow cytometry, Western blotting, luciferase assays and chromatinimmunoprecipitation. In vivo studies using PDAC-bearing mice, humanizedpatient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models, and autochthonous model ofmutation (GEMM-KTC) evaluated the efficacy and mechanisms of programmeddeath receptor 1 (PD-1) antibodies and lipid inhibitors.Results: Patients responding to anti-PD-1 therapy exhibited lower serum lipidlevelsthan non-responders. Targeting SREBP1 disrupted lipid metabolism, decel-eratedtumor growth, and boosted the efficacy of immunotherapy for PDAC.Mechanistically, SREBP1 directly bound the PD-L1 promoter, suppressing itstranscription. Meanwhile, PCSK9, a direct transcriptional target of SREBP1,modulated PD-L1 levels via lysosomal degradation. Consequently, the combina-tionof PCSK9-neutralizing antibodies with PD-1 monotherapy showed a robustantitumor effect in both humanized PDX and GEMM-KTC models.Conclusions: The SREBP1-PCSK9 axis-mediated lipid metabolism is crucial fortriggering immune evasion and resistance to anti-PD-1. Targeting the SREBP1-PCSK9 axis could potentially reverse PDAC’s resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62176058)National Key RD Program of China(2023YFF1204800).
文摘Event extraction extracts event frames from text, while grounded situation recognition detects events in images. As real-world applications frequently encounter a multitude of unforeseen events, certain researchers have introduced cross-domain and in-domain event extraction, while grounded situation recognition primarily explores in-domain scenarios. Therefore, in this paper, we propose cross-domain grounded situation recognition and establish a new benchmark SWiG-XD. In this more challenging setting, we deepen the connection between the two tasks based on their underlying unity in two different modalities and explore how to transfer the generalization ability from text to images. Firstly, we utilize ChatGPT to automatically generate textual data, which can be divided into two categories. One category is directly matched with images, establishing a direct connection with the images. The other category encompasses all event types and possesses greater generalization. Then we employ a unified model framework to establish the association between textual concepts and local image features and achieve cross-domain generalization transfer across modalities through modality-shared prompts and self-attention mechanism. Furthermore, we incorporate textual data with higher generalization to further assist in improving generalization on images. The experimental results on the newly constructed benchmark demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(nos.2022YFD2300700 and 2022YFE0116200)National Key R&D Program of China(no.2021YFD2000105)+4 种基金Young Scientists Fund of the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(no.BK20210411)Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.42201437)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Ministry of Education of China(no.KYCXJC2022005)Project of Seed Industry Revitalization in Jiangsu Province(JBGS[2021]007)Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab(no.B21HJ1005).
文摘Accurate assessment of crop biochemical profiles plays a crucial role in diagnosing their physiological status.The conventional destructive methods,although reliable,demand extensive laboratory work for measuring various traits.On the other hand,nondestructive techniques,while efficient and adaptable,often suffer from reduced precision due to the intricate interplay of the field environment and canopy structure.Striking a delicate balance between efficiency and accuracy,we have developed the Bio-Master phenotyping system.This system is capable of simultaneously measuring four vital biochemical components of the canopy profile:dry matter,water,chlorophyll,and nitrogen content.Bio-Master initiates the process by addressing structural influences,through segmenting the fresh plant and then further chopping the segment into uniform small pieces.Subsequently,the system quantifies hyperspectral reflectance and fresh weight over the sample within a controlled dark chamber,utilizing an independent light source.The final step involves employing an embedded estimation model to provide synchronous estimates for the four biochemical components of the measured sample.In this study,we established a comprehensive training dataset encompassing a wide range of rice varieties,nitrogen levels,and growth stages.Gaussian process regression model was used to estimate biochemical contents utilizing reflectance data obtained by Bio-Master.Leave-one-out validation revealed the model's capacity to accurately estimate these contents at both leaf and plant scales.With Bio-Master,measuring a single rice plant takes approximately only 5 min,yielding around 10 values for each of the four biochemical components across the vertical profile.Furthermore,the Bio-Master system allows for immediate measurements near the field,mitigating potential alterations in plant status during transportation and processing.As a result,our measurements are more likely to faithfully represent in situ values.To summarize,the Bio-Master phenotyping system offers an efficient tool for comprehensive crop biochemical profiling.It harnesses the benefits of remote sensing techniques,providing significantly greater efficiency than conventional destructive methods while maintaining superior accuracy when compared to nondestructive approaches.
基金support from MOE Tier 2 grants(Nos.MOE-T2EP10221-0005,MOE-T2EP10123-0004,MOET2EP10223-0004)Agency for Science,Technology and Research(A*STAR)under MTC Individual Research Grants(Project ID No.M21K2c0113)+2 种基金Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BZ2022056)support from National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22375041)Start-up Research Fund of Southeast University(Grant No.RF1028623202).
文摘CONSPECTUS:Layered materials bound by weak van der Waals(vdW)interactions offer a rich platform for exploring intriguing fundamental science in the two-dimensional(2D)limit and advancing technological innovations.Transition from bulk to 2D geometry results in profound alterations in electronic structures and crystallographic symmetries,giving rise to a plethora of novel physical effects and functionalities.Due to their atomic-scale thinness,2D materials with a high specific surface area enable postprocessing chemical modification of their basal planes to further regulate their intrinsic physical properties.Moreover,the interfacial effects induced by surface modifications can modulate properties without altering the original lattice,facilitating the emergence of novel electronic phases and exotic quantum phenomena.Consequently,extensive research is delving into surface modifications of 2D materials,paving the way to further expand the research fields of 2D materials.Notably,layered materials also feature a subnanometer-sized vdW gap between adjacent layers,enabling the incorporation of vip species and evoking a new type of surface modification called vdW gap engineering,without the need for pre-exfoliation into 2D structures.Unlike postprocessing surface modifications,direct vdW gap engineering protects vip species within the layers from environmental degradation,fostering stable vip−host structures with enhanced environmental stability.Additionally,the confined vdW gap engineering prompts electronic interactions between vip species and host materials,resulting in new physics and functionalities that cannot be achieved through traditional surface modifications.Furthermore,vdW gap engineering also enables the creation of a new class of hybrid vdW superlattices with highly adaptable structural motifs,harnessing the synergistic effects of vip species and host materials.This Account highlights recent advancements in vdW gap engineering of 2D materials from our group and other researchers.We focus on three key aspects of vdW gap engineering including the design and synthesis of low-dimensional materials,modulation of phase transitions,and fabrication of hybrid superlattices.Specifically,we provide a comprehensive overview of current vdW gap engineering methodologies such as intercalation,interlayer growth,and direct chemical growth.Various forms of host−vip interactions and their underlying mechanisms are introduced along with the exciting physical properties and functional applications.Finally,we outline the present challenges and future prospects for vdW gap engineering of 2D materials.We emphasize the crucial role of in situ characterization techniques and machine learning in advancing vdW gap engineering studies as well as potential new research directions that could open new frontiers in creating artificial vdW materials for technological innovations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41330421 and 41461164006)
文摘Natural hailstones were collected and analyzed in the laboratory not only for their physical properties (e.g., structure, density,shape, and air bubbles), but also for their chemical properties(e.g., organic particles, biological particles, and water-soluble ions),which can help a clear understanding on microphysics and development of hailstorms [1–4]. Aerosol particles were carried up from the atmospheric boundary layer to the free atmosphere into
