The liver performs several vital functions such as metabolism,toxin removal,and glucose storage through the coordination of various cell types.With the recent breakthrough of the single-cell/single-nucleus RNAseq(sc/s...The liver performs several vital functions such as metabolism,toxin removal,and glucose storage through the coordination of various cell types.With the recent breakthrough of the single-cell/single-nucleus RNAseq(sc/snRNA-seq)techniques,there is a great opportunity to establish a reference cell map of the liver at single-cell resolution with transcriptome-wise features.In this study,we build a unified liver cell atlas uniLIVER(http://lifeome.net/database/uniliver)by integrative analysis of a large-scale sc/snRNA-seq data collection of normal human liver with 331,125 cells and 79 samples from 6 datasets.Moreover,we introduce LiverCT,a machine learning based method for mapping any query dataset to the liver reference map by introducing the definition of“variant”cellular states analogous to the sequence variants in genomic analysis.Applying LiverCT on liver cancer datasets,we find that the“deviated”states of T cells are highly correlated with the stress pathway activities in hepatocellular carcinoma,and the enrichments of tumor cells with the hepatocyte-cholangiocyte“intermediate”states significantly indicate poor prognosis.Besides,we find that the tumor cells of different patients have different zonation tendencies and this zonation tendency is also significantly associated with the prognosis.This reference atlas mapping framework can also be extended to any other tissues.展开更多
With the advancement of Vehicle-to-Everything(V2X)technology,efficient resource allocation in dynamic vehicular networks has become a critical challenge for achieving optimal performance.Existing methods suffer from h...With the advancement of Vehicle-to-Everything(V2X)technology,efficient resource allocation in dynamic vehicular networks has become a critical challenge for achieving optimal performance.Existing methods suffer from high computational complexity and decision latency under high-density traffic and heterogeneous network conditions.To address these challenges,this study presents an innovative framework that combines Graph Neural Networks(GNNs)with a Double Deep Q-Network(DDQN),utilizing dynamic graph structures and reinforcement learning.An adaptive neighbor sampling mechanism is introduced to dynamically select the most relevant neighbors based on interference levels and network topology,thereby improving decision accuracy and efficiency.Meanwhile,the framework models communication links as nodes and interference relationships as edges,effectively capturing the direct impact of interference on resource allocation while reducing computational complexity and preserving critical interaction information.Employing an aggregation mechanism based on the Graph Attention Network(GAT),it dynamically adjusts the neighbor sampling scope and performs attention-weighted aggregation based on node importance,ensuring more efficient and adaptive resource management.This design ensures reliable Vehicle-to-Vehicle(V2V)communication while maintaining high Vehicle-to-Infrastructure(V2I)throughput.The framework retains the global feature learning capabilities of GNNs and supports distributed network deployment,allowing vehicles to extract low-dimensional graph embeddings from local observations for real-time resource decisions.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly reduces computational overhead,mitigates latency,and improves resource utilization efficiency in vehicular networks under complex traffic scenarios.This research not only provides a novel solution to resource allocation challenges in V2X networks but also advances the application of DDQN in intelligent transportation systems,offering substantial theoretical significance and practical value.展开更多
1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol(OPO)has been a hotspot of functional oils research in recent years,but due to the high cost of sn-1,3 specific lipase in enzymatic synthesis and the lack of biocatalyst stability,large...1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol(OPO)has been a hotspot of functional oils research in recent years,but due to the high cost of sn-1,3 specific lipase in enzymatic synthesis and the lack of biocatalyst stability,large-scale industrial application is difficult.In this study,the prepared magnetic ZnFe_(2)O_(4) was functionalized with dopamine to obtain ZnFe_(2)O_(4)@PDA,and the nano-biocatalyst ZnFe_(2)O_(4)@PDA@RML was prepared by immobilizing sn-1,3 specific lipase of Rhizomucor miehei lipase(RML)via a cross-linking method.The existence of RML on ZnFe_(2)O_(4)@PDA was confirmed by XRD,FTIR,SEM,and TEM.This strategy proved to be simple and effective because the lipase immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles could be quickly recovered using external magnets,enabling reuse of the lipase.The activity,adaptability to a high temperature,pH value,and operational stability of immobilized RML were superior to those of free RML.After optimizing the synthesis conditions,the OPO yield was 42.78%,and the proportion of PA at the sn-2 position(PA-Sn2)was 54.63%.After the first four cycles,the activity of ZnFe_(2)O_(4)@PDA@RML was not significantly affected.The magnetically immobilized lipase has good thermal stability,long-term storage stability,reusability,and high catalytic activity.It can be used as a green and efficient biocatalyst to synthesize the OPO functional lipid.展开更多
Mobile young white-collar workers not only have the characteristics of mobile young people,but also have the characteristics of general white-collar workers.Under the influence of both,their mental health may be suffe...Mobile young white-collar workers not only have the characteristics of mobile young people,but also have the characteristics of general white-collar workers.Under the influence of both,their mental health may be suffering from“double disadvantage”.So,based on an ecological model of the stress process,this paper tries to use the data of the questionnaire on the mental health of mobile young white-collar workers in Zhejiang Province to explore the influence of some factors in the middle workplace and residence place on the mental health of micro individuals.The results show that:(1)The working environment with high control and low freedom and the workplace discrimination against the mobile status will have a negative impact on the mental health of mobile young white-collar workers;(2)Financial anxiety in daily life will lead to a decline in the mental health level of mobile young white-collar workers;(3)Good organizational support and neighborhood social relations can significantly relieve life pressure,so as to effectively improve the mental health of mobile young white-collar workers.It can be seen that we also need to pay more attention to the mental health of mobile young white-collar workers in order to improve their situation.展开更多
The skin is our outer permeability and immune defense barrier against myriad external assaults.Aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)senses environmental factors and regulates barrier robustness and immune homeostasis.AhR ago...The skin is our outer permeability and immune defense barrier against myriad external assaults.Aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)senses environmental factors and regulates barrier robustness and immune homeostasis.AhR agonists have been approved by the FDA for psoriasis treatment and are in clinical trials for the treatment of atopic dermatitis(AD),but the underlying mechanism of action remains poorly defined.Here,we report that OVOL1/Ovol1 is a conserved and direct transcriptional target of AhR in epidermal keratinocytes.We show that OVOL1/Ovol1 influences AhR-mediated regulation of keratinocyte gene expression and that OVOL1/Ovol1 ablation in keratinocytes impairs the barrier-promoting function of AhR,exacerbating AD-like inflammation.Mechanistically,we have identified Ovol1’s direct downstream targets genome-wide and provided in vivo evidence supporting the role of Id1 as a functional target in barrier maintenance,disease suppression,and neutrophil accumulation.Furthermore,our findings reveal that an IL-1/dermalγδT cell axis exacerbates type 2 and 3 immune responses downstream of barrier perturbation in Ovol1-deficient AD skin.Finally,we present data suggesting the clinical relevance of OVOL1 and ID1 functions in human AD skin.Our study highlights a keratinocyte-intrinsic AhR-Ovol1-Id1 regulatory axis that promotes both epidermal and immune homeostasis in the context of skin inflammation,identifying new therapeutic targets.展开更多
1 Introduction Dissecting the dynamics of cell statesiscrucial for understanding various biological processes,such as tissue development and tumor drug responses.Recent advancements in single-cell lineage tracing(scLT...1 Introduction Dissecting the dynamics of cell statesiscrucial for understanding various biological processes,such as tissue development and tumor drug responses.Recent advancements in single-cell lineage tracing(scLT)technologies provide effective ways to track single-cell lineages through heritable cellular barcodes,while simultaneously detecting the molecular states of cells by sequencing[1].展开更多
Precisely estimating the remaining mileage of electric vehicles is highly important for vehicle control and battery recharging determinations.Remaining mileage estimation(RME)is a technique difficulty in practice sinc...Precisely estimating the remaining mileage of electric vehicles is highly important for vehicle control and battery recharging determinations.Remaining mileage estimation(RME)is a technique difficulty in practice since it is impacted by many factors,including the battery state of charge(SOC),state of health(SOH),ambient temperature,and traffic condition,etc.In this study,an online RME method is proposed based on dual extended Kalman filter(DEKF)and extreme gradient boosting(XGB)algorithms.Firstly,the battery SOC and SOH are co-estimated based on DEKF with considering the impacts of ambient temperature.Secondly,the current traffic condition are analyzed by using a historical data segement,and then the energy consumpation rate is predicted by XGB algorithm.The XGB algorithm's accuracy under the varying length of data segment is analyzed for determining the proper algorithm parameters.The presented method is evaluated by a simulation study.The results under several typical driving cycles indicate that the precise RME can be achieved with the maximum error less than 1.2%.The method is expected to be useful in providing credible mileage estimation in electric vehiecle applications.展开更多
Ultrasonic imaging technology has advanced rapidly,the escalating demand for imaging quality has driven the continuous development of ultrasonic transducers featuring high-performance.Among them,the crucial factors co...Ultrasonic imaging technology has advanced rapidly,the escalating demand for imaging quality has driven the continuous development of ultrasonic transducers featuring high-performance.Among them,the crucial factors constraining the further enhancement of imaging quality are the frequency of the device and the intensity of the echo signal.Piezoelectric composites have become a hotspot for ultrasonic transducers and imaging applications due to their excellent properties.However,due to the limitations of the accuracy of the cutting process,the development of piezoelectric/polymer composites is often undermined by undesirable pseudo-vibrations,especially in high-frequency applications,which will significantly reduce energy conversion efficiency.In this study,a novel design method of 1e3 piezoelectric composites with gradient nanoparticle doped polymer is proposed to eliminate the undesired lateral vibrations.Based on the optimized composites,a high-performance composite ultrasonic transducer with a center frequency of 8.51 MHz is prepared.Compared with the traditional composite transducer,the optimized transducer improves the echo voltage amplitude significantly,reaching nearly 3 times.The above advantages are further verified in high-quality ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging.The optimization method has valuable guidance for the design of high-frequency composite transducers,which have great potential in ultrasonic and photoacoustic imaging applications.展开更多
The application of new image technology(NIT)in biomedical and clinical fields is developing at a top speed with the emergence of newly invented technics such as multiparametric,multimodal or molecule imaging.However,d...The application of new image technology(NIT)in biomedical and clinical fields is developing at a top speed with the emergence of newly invented technics such as multiparametric,multimodal or molecule imaging.However,due to the fast-paced nature of this development,many theories and technologies have not been thoroughly summarized and reviewed.This lack of comprehensive reviews has hindered our ability to fully comprehend the utility and effectiveness of NIT in clinical settings.Furthermore,the rapid development has sometimes outpaced our ability to provide ideal applications.This review focuses on the comparison of eight types of novel and conventional imaging techniques,which aims to inform readers about the history and characteristic of new medical imaging,providing details such as the clinical functional data.This review first briefly introduces a large number of novel techniques which have been developed to help bridge the gap in medical imaging.Secondly,by systematically overviewings the development of novel imaging technologies,readers could understand the basic changing trends in clinical vision field.Lastly,this search provides strong evidence to instruct future development.展开更多
RNA modifications have become hot topics recently.By influencing RNA processes,including generation,transportation,function,and metabolization,they act as critical regulators of cell biology.The immune cell abnormalit...RNA modifications have become hot topics recently.By influencing RNA processes,including generation,transportation,function,and metabolization,they act as critical regulators of cell biology.The immune cell abnormality in human diseases is also a research focus and progressing rapidly these years.Studies have demonstrated that RNA modifications participate in the multiple biological processes of immune cells,including development,differentiation,activation,migration,and polarization,thereby modulating the immune responses and are involved in some immune related diseases.In this review,we present existing knowledge of the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of RNA modifications,including N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A),5-methylcytosine(m^(5)C),N1-methyladenosine(m1 A),N7-methylguanosine(m^(7)G),N4-acetylcytosine(ac^(4)C),pseudouridine(Ψ),uridylation,and adenosine-to-inosine(A-to-I)RNA editing,and summarize their critical roles in immune cell biology.Via regulating the biological processes of immune cells,RNA modifications can participate in the pathogenesis of immune related diseases,such as cancers,infection,inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.We further highlight the challenges and future directions based on the existing knowledge.All in all,this review will provide helpful knowledge as well as novel ideas for the researchers in this area.展开更多
In this study,the water vapor corrosion resistance of two types of high-entropy pyrosilicates((Yb_(0.2)Y_(0.2)Lu_(0.2)Ho_(0.2)Er_(0.2))_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)((5RE1/5)_(2)Si_(2)O_(7))and(Yb_(0.2)5Lu_(0.2)5Ho_(0.2)5Er_(0.2)5)_...In this study,the water vapor corrosion resistance of two types of high-entropy pyrosilicates((Yb_(0.2)Y_(0.2)Lu_(0.2)Ho_(0.2)Er_(0.2))_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)((5RE1/5)_(2)Si_(2)O_(7))and(Yb_(0.2)5Lu_(0.2)5Ho_(0.2)5Er_(0.2)5)_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)((4RE_(1/4))_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)))and two single-component pyrosilicates(Yb_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) and Lu_(2)Si_(2)O_(7))were evaluated at 1350℃ for 50e100 h,and the initial corrosion behaviors of these pyrosilicates were studied.The results showed that the final corrosion products of the four types of pyrosilicates were all X2-type monosilicates,exhibiting similar corrosion phenomena.However,(4RE_(1/4))_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) generated many nanoscale monosilicate grains during corrosion.The corrosion resistance of Lu_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) was clearly better than those of the others,and(4RE_(1/4))_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) exhibited the worst corrosion resistance.The corrosion mechanism of the pyrosilicate blocks was analyzed from the perspectives of grain size,bulk hydrophobicity,and binding energy.This study potentially provides a theoretical basis for the preparation of high-entropy pyrosilicates with different atomic ratios according to the different properties of the various rare earth elements.展开更多
Vehicle-induced soil compaction occurs when agricultural machinery is working in the fields.The accumulated soil compaction could destroy soil structure and inhibit crop growth.The low degree of visualization of soil ...Vehicle-induced soil compaction occurs when agricultural machinery is working in the fields.The accumulated soil compaction could destroy soil structure and inhibit crop growth.The low degree of visualization of soil compaction has always been an important reason for restricting the development of compaction alleviation technology.Therefore,the main objective of this study was to predict soil compaction based on soil and agricultural implement parameters.The component of soil compaction prediction includes traffic-induced stress transmission evaluation and the quantitative relationship between soil stress and bulk density.The modified FRIDA model was used to elucidate the soil stress propagation,which has been validated by previous studies.The Bailey formula was used to establish the intrinsic relationship between soil stress and bulk density.The soil uniaxial compression test was applied to obtain the parameters of the Bailey formula,and soil samples were prepared with three different levels of water content.After fitting with the Bailey formula,under the condition that the soil moisture contents were 16%,20%,and 24%,the fitting coefficients of soil bulk density were respectively 0.980,0.959,and 0.975,which were close to 1.The results indicated that the Bailey formula could be used to calculate soil bulk density based on the stress conditions of the soil.To verify the practicality of the soil compaction prediction model,a field experiment was carried out in Zhuozhou City,Hebei Province,China.The treatment was set for 1,3,5,7,and 9 times compaction with two different loads of compaction equipment.The results showed that the fit coefficient between the predicted and measured values of soil bulk density was greater than 0.641.The slope of the equation was greater than 0.782,proving that the soil bulk density prediction model based on agricultural implements and soil parameters has a good predictive effect on soil bulk density.The soil compaction evaluation model can provide a theoretical basis to further understand the soil compaction mechanism,allowing rational measures of soil compaction alleviation to be made.展开更多
In this research,a novel method for regulating components in RE_(2)SiO_(5)/RE_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)multiphase silicates was developed,combining the benefits of a suitable thermal expansion coefficient(CTE)and outstanding cor...In this research,a novel method for regulating components in RE_(2)SiO_(5)/RE_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)multiphase silicates was developed,combining the benefits of a suitable thermal expansion coefficient(CTE)and outstanding corrosion resistance against calcium–magnesium–alumino–silicate(CMAS).This approach enhanced the overall thermophysical properties.Additionally,the results from the CMAS corrosion resistance test indicated that(Lu_(1/3)Yb_(1/3)Tm_(1/3))_(2)SiO_(5)/(Lu_(1/3)Yb_(1/3)Tm_(1/3))_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)and(Lu_(1/4)Yb_(1/4)Tm_(1/4)Er_(1/4))_(2)SiO_(5)/(Lu_(1/4)Yb_(1/4)Tm_(1/4)Er_(1/4))_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)exhibited exceptional resistance to CMAS penetration,even at temperatures up to 1500℃.To comprehend the corrosion mechanism of CMAS on these silicates,we introduced a reaction–diffusion model,which involved observing the changes in the interface between the corrosion product layer and the silicate block.This was achieved using electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD).These findings lay a theoretical basis for selecting rare earth elements in RE_(2)SiO_(5)/RE_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)multiphase silicates based on the radii of different rare earth cations.展开更多
This study evaluated the immunogenicity and protective immunity of a Hemophilus influenzae b （Hib） polysaccharide conjugate vaccine with the pneumococcal surface adhesin A （PsaA） protein carrier in young mice. The...This study evaluated the immunogenicity and protective immunity of a Hemophilus influenzae b （Hib） polysaccharide conjugate vaccine with the pneumococcal surface adhesin A （PsaA） protein carrier in young mice. The Hib polysaccharide was conjugated with the rPsaA protein carrier, which was produced using recombinant DNA technology. A total of 15 young mice aged 3 weeks to 5 weeks were immunized with the conjugate vaccine, and another 15 young mice of the same age were immunized with the licensed Hib-tetanus toxoid （TT） vaccine. Furthermore, the third group of 15 young mice was inoculated with phosphate buffer saline as control. The immunized mice were inoculated with pneumococcus in the middle ear. Results showed that IgG antibody responses against both the PsaA protein and Hib polysaccharide were observed in the Hib-PsaA group. However, no statistical difference was observed in the titer of ｜gG against the Hib polysaccharide between Hib-PsaA and Hib-TT groups. The elimination rate of pneumococcus and the inflammation of the middle ear showed the effectiveness of protective immunity against otitis media caused by pneumococcus. Our results suggest that the Hib polysaccharide can be successfully conjugated with rPsaA via amide condensation. This new Hib-PsaA conjugate vaccine can induce both anti-PsaA and anti-Hib immune responses in young mice and elicit effective protection against acute otitis media caused by pneumococcus.展开更多
High-entropy pyrosilicate element selection is relatively blind, and the thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of traditional β-type pyrosilicate is not adjustable, making it difficult to meet the requirements of vario...High-entropy pyrosilicate element selection is relatively blind, and the thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of traditional β-type pyrosilicate is not adjustable, making it difficult to meet the requirements of various types of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). The following study aimed to develop a universal rule for high-entropy pyrosilicate element selection and to achieve directional control of the thermal expansion coefficient of high-entropy pyrosilicate. The current study investigates a high-entropy design method for obtaining pyrosilicates with stable β-phase and γ-phase by introducing various rare-earth (RE) cations. The solid-phase method was used to create 12 different types of high-entropy pyrosilicates with 4–6 components. The high-entropy pyrosilicates gradually transformed from β-phase to γ-phase with an increase in the average radius of RE^(3+) ions ( r¯(RE^(3+))). The nine pyrosilicates with a small r¯(RE^(3+)) preserve β-phase or γ-phase stability at room temperature to the maximum of 1400 ℃. The intrinsic relationship between the thermal expansion coefficient, phase structure, and RE–O bond length has also been found. This study provides the theoretical background for designing high-entropy pyrosilicates from the perspective of r¯(RE^(3+)). The theoretical guidance makes it easier to synthesize high-entropy pyrosilicates with stable β-phase or γ-phase for the use in environmental barrier coatings (EBCs). The thermal expansion coefficient of γ-type high-entropy pyrosilicate can be altered through component design to match various types of CMCs.展开更多
This paper proposes a novel power management strategy for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles based on deep reinforcement learning algorithm.Three parallel soft actor-critic(SAC)networks are trained for high speed,medium...This paper proposes a novel power management strategy for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles based on deep reinforcement learning algorithm.Three parallel soft actor-critic(SAC)networks are trained for high speed,medium speed,and low-speed conditions respectively;the reward function is designed as minimizing the cost of energy cost and battery aging.During operation,the driving condition is recognized at each moment for the algorithm invoking based on the learning vector quantization(LVQ)neural network.On top of that,a driving cycle reconstruction algorithm is proposed.The historical speed segments that were recorded during the operation are reconstructed into the three categories of high speed,medium speed,and low speed,based on which the algorithms are online updated.The SAC-based control strategy is evaluated based on the standard driving cycles and Shenyang practical data.The results indicate the presented method can obtain the effect close to dynamic programming and can be further improved by up to 6.38%after the online update for uncertain driving conditions.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFF1200901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61721003,62133006,and 92268104)。
文摘The liver performs several vital functions such as metabolism,toxin removal,and glucose storage through the coordination of various cell types.With the recent breakthrough of the single-cell/single-nucleus RNAseq(sc/snRNA-seq)techniques,there is a great opportunity to establish a reference cell map of the liver at single-cell resolution with transcriptome-wise features.In this study,we build a unified liver cell atlas uniLIVER(http://lifeome.net/database/uniliver)by integrative analysis of a large-scale sc/snRNA-seq data collection of normal human liver with 331,125 cells and 79 samples from 6 datasets.Moreover,we introduce LiverCT,a machine learning based method for mapping any query dataset to the liver reference map by introducing the definition of“variant”cellular states analogous to the sequence variants in genomic analysis.Applying LiverCT on liver cancer datasets,we find that the“deviated”states of T cells are highly correlated with the stress pathway activities in hepatocellular carcinoma,and the enrichments of tumor cells with the hepatocyte-cholangiocyte“intermediate”states significantly indicate poor prognosis.Besides,we find that the tumor cells of different patients have different zonation tendencies and this zonation tendency is also significantly associated with the prognosis.This reference atlas mapping framework can also be extended to any other tissues.
基金Project ZR2023MF111 supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation。
文摘With the advancement of Vehicle-to-Everything(V2X)technology,efficient resource allocation in dynamic vehicular networks has become a critical challenge for achieving optimal performance.Existing methods suffer from high computational complexity and decision latency under high-density traffic and heterogeneous network conditions.To address these challenges,this study presents an innovative framework that combines Graph Neural Networks(GNNs)with a Double Deep Q-Network(DDQN),utilizing dynamic graph structures and reinforcement learning.An adaptive neighbor sampling mechanism is introduced to dynamically select the most relevant neighbors based on interference levels and network topology,thereby improving decision accuracy and efficiency.Meanwhile,the framework models communication links as nodes and interference relationships as edges,effectively capturing the direct impact of interference on resource allocation while reducing computational complexity and preserving critical interaction information.Employing an aggregation mechanism based on the Graph Attention Network(GAT),it dynamically adjusts the neighbor sampling scope and performs attention-weighted aggregation based on node importance,ensuring more efficient and adaptive resource management.This design ensures reliable Vehicle-to-Vehicle(V2V)communication while maintaining high Vehicle-to-Infrastructure(V2I)throughput.The framework retains the global feature learning capabilities of GNNs and supports distributed network deployment,allowing vehicles to extract low-dimensional graph embeddings from local observations for real-time resource decisions.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly reduces computational overhead,mitigates latency,and improves resource utilization efficiency in vehicular networks under complex traffic scenarios.This research not only provides a novel solution to resource allocation challenges in V2X networks but also advances the application of DDQN in intelligent transportation systems,offering substantial theoretical significance and practical value.
基金This research was funded by the Science and Technology Program in Guangzhou City of China(Grant No.201904010087)the National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of China(Grant No.202111347022)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Fund for Graduate Students(Grant No.KJCX2021005)Innovative Team Projects of Universities in Guangdong Province of China(Grant No.2016KCXTD003)2021 Guangdong University Research Platform and Scientific Research Project(Grant No.2021ZDZX2056).
文摘1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol(OPO)has been a hotspot of functional oils research in recent years,but due to the high cost of sn-1,3 specific lipase in enzymatic synthesis and the lack of biocatalyst stability,large-scale industrial application is difficult.In this study,the prepared magnetic ZnFe_(2)O_(4) was functionalized with dopamine to obtain ZnFe_(2)O_(4)@PDA,and the nano-biocatalyst ZnFe_(2)O_(4)@PDA@RML was prepared by immobilizing sn-1,3 specific lipase of Rhizomucor miehei lipase(RML)via a cross-linking method.The existence of RML on ZnFe_(2)O_(4)@PDA was confirmed by XRD,FTIR,SEM,and TEM.This strategy proved to be simple and effective because the lipase immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles could be quickly recovered using external magnets,enabling reuse of the lipase.The activity,adaptability to a high temperature,pH value,and operational stability of immobilized RML were superior to those of free RML.After optimizing the synthesis conditions,the OPO yield was 42.78%,and the proportion of PA at the sn-2 position(PA-Sn2)was 54.63%.After the first four cycles,the activity of ZnFe_(2)O_(4)@PDA@RML was not significantly affected.The magnetically immobilized lipase has good thermal stability,long-term storage stability,reusability,and high catalytic activity.It can be used as a green and efficient biocatalyst to synthesize the OPO functional lipid.
基金the National Social Science Fund of China(Grant No.20BTJ005).
文摘Mobile young white-collar workers not only have the characteristics of mobile young people,but also have the characteristics of general white-collar workers.Under the influence of both,their mental health may be suffering from“double disadvantage”.So,based on an ecological model of the stress process,this paper tries to use the data of the questionnaire on the mental health of mobile young white-collar workers in Zhejiang Province to explore the influence of some factors in the middle workplace and residence place on the mental health of micro individuals.The results show that:(1)The working environment with high control and low freedom and the workplace discrimination against the mobile status will have a negative impact on the mental health of mobile young white-collar workers;(2)Financial anxiety in daily life will lead to a decline in the mental health level of mobile young white-collar workers;(3)Good organizational support and neighborhood social relations can significantly relieve life pressure,so as to effectively improve the mental health of mobile young white-collar workers.It can be seen that we also need to pay more attention to the mental health of mobile young white-collar workers in order to improve their situation.
基金support from the China Scholarship Council(Grant No.201906260233)support from the National Science Foundation(NSF)-Simons Predoctoral Fellowship(NSF grant DMS1763272 and Simons Foundation grant 594598)+7 种基金supported by the NIH T32 Immunology Research Training Grant(Al 060573)supported by NSF predoctoral fellowship DGE-1839285supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81872522,82073429,and 82430101)the Innovation Program of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.2019-01-07-00-07-E00046)supported by National Institutes of Health Grants R01-AR068074,R35-GM145307,U01-AR073159,P30-AR075047NSF grant DMS1763272Simons Foundation grant 594598UC Irvine Office of Research.
文摘The skin is our outer permeability and immune defense barrier against myriad external assaults.Aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)senses environmental factors and regulates barrier robustness and immune homeostasis.AhR agonists have been approved by the FDA for psoriasis treatment and are in clinical trials for the treatment of atopic dermatitis(AD),but the underlying mechanism of action remains poorly defined.Here,we report that OVOL1/Ovol1 is a conserved and direct transcriptional target of AhR in epidermal keratinocytes.We show that OVOL1/Ovol1 influences AhR-mediated regulation of keratinocyte gene expression and that OVOL1/Ovol1 ablation in keratinocytes impairs the barrier-promoting function of AhR,exacerbating AD-like inflammation.Mechanistically,we have identified Ovol1’s direct downstream targets genome-wide and provided in vivo evidence supporting the role of Id1 as a functional target in barrier maintenance,disease suppression,and neutrophil accumulation.Furthermore,our findings reveal that an IL-1/dermalγδT cell axis exacerbates type 2 and 3 immune responses downstream of barrier perturbation in Ovol1-deficient AD skin.Finally,we present data suggesting the clinical relevance of OVOL1 and ID1 functions in human AD skin.Our study highlights a keratinocyte-intrinsic AhR-Ovol1-Id1 regulatory axis that promotes both epidermal and immune homeostasis in the context of skin inflammation,identifying new therapeutic targets.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2020YFA0712403 and 2021YFF1200901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.62133006 and 92268104)+1 种基金the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(No.20221080076)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M721839).
文摘1 Introduction Dissecting the dynamics of cell statesiscrucial for understanding various biological processes,such as tissue development and tumor drug responses.Recent advancements in single-cell lineage tracing(scLT)technologies provide effective ways to track single-cell lineages through heritable cellular barcodes,while simultaneously detecting the molecular states of cells by sequencing[1].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23B20139,52172401)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.N2403013).
文摘Precisely estimating the remaining mileage of electric vehicles is highly important for vehicle control and battery recharging determinations.Remaining mileage estimation(RME)is a technique difficulty in practice since it is impacted by many factors,including the battery state of charge(SOC),state of health(SOH),ambient temperature,and traffic condition,etc.In this study,an online RME method is proposed based on dual extended Kalman filter(DEKF)and extreme gradient boosting(XGB)algorithms.Firstly,the battery SOC and SOH are co-estimated based on DEKF with considering the impacts of ambient temperature.Secondly,the current traffic condition are analyzed by using a historical data segement,and then the energy consumpation rate is predicted by XGB algorithm.The XGB algorithm's accuracy under the varying length of data segment is analyzed for determining the proper algorithm parameters.The presented method is evaluated by a simulation study.The results under several typical driving cycles indicate that the precise RME can be achieved with the maximum error less than 1.2%.The method is expected to be useful in providing credible mileage estimation in electric vehiecle applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(No.62304165)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.ZYTS25224,ZYTS25214)+4 种基金the China postdoctoral science foundation(No.2023M732745,No.2024T170691)Shaanxi Province Postdoctoral Scientific Research Project Grant(No.30102230001)Macao Young Scholars Program of the China postdoctoral science foundation(No.AM2024013)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province-Joint Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Robotics(No.2022-KF-22-03)Natural Science Fundamental Research Project of Shaanxi Province of China(No.2023-JC-QN-0709).
文摘Ultrasonic imaging technology has advanced rapidly,the escalating demand for imaging quality has driven the continuous development of ultrasonic transducers featuring high-performance.Among them,the crucial factors constraining the further enhancement of imaging quality are the frequency of the device and the intensity of the echo signal.Piezoelectric composites have become a hotspot for ultrasonic transducers and imaging applications due to their excellent properties.However,due to the limitations of the accuracy of the cutting process,the development of piezoelectric/polymer composites is often undermined by undesirable pseudo-vibrations,especially in high-frequency applications,which will significantly reduce energy conversion efficiency.In this study,a novel design method of 1e3 piezoelectric composites with gradient nanoparticle doped polymer is proposed to eliminate the undesired lateral vibrations.Based on the optimized composites,a high-performance composite ultrasonic transducer with a center frequency of 8.51 MHz is prepared.Compared with the traditional composite transducer,the optimized transducer improves the echo voltage amplitude significantly,reaching nearly 3 times.The above advantages are further verified in high-quality ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging.The optimization method has valuable guidance for the design of high-frequency composite transducers,which have great potential in ultrasonic and photoacoustic imaging applications.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Number:2023M743947)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number:2024JJ6697)the College Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project(from the Central South University,Hunan,China)(Grant Number:S202310533318).
文摘The application of new image technology(NIT)in biomedical and clinical fields is developing at a top speed with the emergence of newly invented technics such as multiparametric,multimodal or molecule imaging.However,due to the fast-paced nature of this development,many theories and technologies have not been thoroughly summarized and reviewed.This lack of comprehensive reviews has hindered our ability to fully comprehend the utility and effectiveness of NIT in clinical settings.Furthermore,the rapid development has sometimes outpaced our ability to provide ideal applications.This review focuses on the comparison of eight types of novel and conventional imaging techniques,which aims to inform readers about the history and characteristic of new medical imaging,providing details such as the clinical functional data.This review first briefly introduces a large number of novel techniques which have been developed to help bridge the gap in medical imaging.Secondly,by systematically overviewings the development of novel imaging technologies,readers could understand the basic changing trends in clinical vision field.Lastly,this search provides strong evidence to instruct future development.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81872522,82073429)Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.2019-01-07-00-07-E00046)+1 种基金Clinical Research Plan of SHDC(No.SHDC2020CR1014B,SHDC12018X06)Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(No.20XD1403300).
文摘RNA modifications have become hot topics recently.By influencing RNA processes,including generation,transportation,function,and metabolization,they act as critical regulators of cell biology.The immune cell abnormality in human diseases is also a research focus and progressing rapidly these years.Studies have demonstrated that RNA modifications participate in the multiple biological processes of immune cells,including development,differentiation,activation,migration,and polarization,thereby modulating the immune responses and are involved in some immune related diseases.In this review,we present existing knowledge of the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of RNA modifications,including N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A),5-methylcytosine(m^(5)C),N1-methyladenosine(m1 A),N7-methylguanosine(m^(7)G),N4-acetylcytosine(ac^(4)C),pseudouridine(Ψ),uridylation,and adenosine-to-inosine(A-to-I)RNA editing,and summarize their critical roles in immune cell biology.Via regulating the biological processes of immune cells,RNA modifications can participate in the pathogenesis of immune related diseases,such as cancers,infection,inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.We further highlight the challenges and future directions based on the existing knowledge.All in all,this review will provide helpful knowledge as well as novel ideas for the researchers in this area.
基金This work is supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(No.2018YFB0704400)Shanghai Technical Platform for Testing on Inorganic Materials(No.19DZ2290700).
文摘In this study,the water vapor corrosion resistance of two types of high-entropy pyrosilicates((Yb_(0.2)Y_(0.2)Lu_(0.2)Ho_(0.2)Er_(0.2))_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)((5RE1/5)_(2)Si_(2)O_(7))and(Yb_(0.2)5Lu_(0.2)5Ho_(0.2)5Er_(0.2)5)_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)((4RE_(1/4))_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)))and two single-component pyrosilicates(Yb_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) and Lu_(2)Si_(2)O_(7))were evaluated at 1350℃ for 50e100 h,and the initial corrosion behaviors of these pyrosilicates were studied.The results showed that the final corrosion products of the four types of pyrosilicates were all X2-type monosilicates,exhibiting similar corrosion phenomena.However,(4RE_(1/4))_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) generated many nanoscale monosilicate grains during corrosion.The corrosion resistance of Lu_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) was clearly better than those of the others,and(4RE_(1/4))_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) exhibited the worst corrosion resistance.The corrosion mechanism of the pyrosilicate blocks was analyzed from the perspectives of grain size,bulk hydrophobicity,and binding energy.This study potentially provides a theoretical basis for the preparation of high-entropy pyrosilicates with different atomic ratios according to the different properties of the various rare earth elements.
基金This work was financially supported by the Science and Technology National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51805300)PhD start-up fund(Grant No.418032).
文摘Vehicle-induced soil compaction occurs when agricultural machinery is working in the fields.The accumulated soil compaction could destroy soil structure and inhibit crop growth.The low degree of visualization of soil compaction has always been an important reason for restricting the development of compaction alleviation technology.Therefore,the main objective of this study was to predict soil compaction based on soil and agricultural implement parameters.The component of soil compaction prediction includes traffic-induced stress transmission evaluation and the quantitative relationship between soil stress and bulk density.The modified FRIDA model was used to elucidate the soil stress propagation,which has been validated by previous studies.The Bailey formula was used to establish the intrinsic relationship between soil stress and bulk density.The soil uniaxial compression test was applied to obtain the parameters of the Bailey formula,and soil samples were prepared with three different levels of water content.After fitting with the Bailey formula,under the condition that the soil moisture contents were 16%,20%,and 24%,the fitting coefficients of soil bulk density were respectively 0.980,0.959,and 0.975,which were close to 1.The results indicated that the Bailey formula could be used to calculate soil bulk density based on the stress conditions of the soil.To verify the practicality of the soil compaction prediction model,a field experiment was carried out in Zhuozhou City,Hebei Province,China.The treatment was set for 1,3,5,7,and 9 times compaction with two different loads of compaction equipment.The results showed that the fit coefficient between the predicted and measured values of soil bulk density was greater than 0.641.The slope of the equation was greater than 0.782,proving that the soil bulk density prediction model based on agricultural implements and soil parameters has a good predictive effect on soil bulk density.The soil compaction evaluation model can provide a theoretical basis to further understand the soil compaction mechanism,allowing rational measures of soil compaction alleviation to be made.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFF0719800).
文摘In this research,a novel method for regulating components in RE_(2)SiO_(5)/RE_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)multiphase silicates was developed,combining the benefits of a suitable thermal expansion coefficient(CTE)and outstanding corrosion resistance against calcium–magnesium–alumino–silicate(CMAS).This approach enhanced the overall thermophysical properties.Additionally,the results from the CMAS corrosion resistance test indicated that(Lu_(1/3)Yb_(1/3)Tm_(1/3))_(2)SiO_(5)/(Lu_(1/3)Yb_(1/3)Tm_(1/3))_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)and(Lu_(1/4)Yb_(1/4)Tm_(1/4)Er_(1/4))_(2)SiO_(5)/(Lu_(1/4)Yb_(1/4)Tm_(1/4)Er_(1/4))_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)exhibited exceptional resistance to CMAS penetration,even at temperatures up to 1500℃.To comprehend the corrosion mechanism of CMAS on these silicates,we introduced a reaction–diffusion model,which involved observing the changes in the interface between the corrosion product layer and the silicate block.This was achieved using electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD).These findings lay a theoretical basis for selecting rare earth elements in RE_(2)SiO_(5)/RE_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)multiphase silicates based on the radii of different rare earth cations.
基金This research work was fimded by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai from the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality （No. 14ZR1405700）.
文摘This study evaluated the immunogenicity and protective immunity of a Hemophilus influenzae b （Hib） polysaccharide conjugate vaccine with the pneumococcal surface adhesin A （PsaA） protein carrier in young mice. The Hib polysaccharide was conjugated with the rPsaA protein carrier, which was produced using recombinant DNA technology. A total of 15 young mice aged 3 weeks to 5 weeks were immunized with the conjugate vaccine, and another 15 young mice of the same age were immunized with the licensed Hib-tetanus toxoid （TT） vaccine. Furthermore, the third group of 15 young mice was inoculated with phosphate buffer saline as control. The immunized mice were inoculated with pneumococcus in the middle ear. Results showed that IgG antibody responses against both the PsaA protein and Hib polysaccharide were observed in the Hib-PsaA group. However, no statistical difference was observed in the titer of ｜gG against the Hib polysaccharide between Hib-PsaA and Hib-TT groups. The elimination rate of pneumococcus and the inflammation of the middle ear showed the effectiveness of protective immunity against otitis media caused by pneumococcus. Our results suggest that the Hib polysaccharide can be successfully conjugated with rPsaA via amide condensation. This new Hib-PsaA conjugate vaccine can induce both anti-PsaA and anti-Hib immune responses in young mice and elicit effective protection against acute otitis media caused by pneumococcus.
基金supported by the Instrument and Equipment Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences(YJKYYQ20210030)Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(21142201100).
文摘High-entropy pyrosilicate element selection is relatively blind, and the thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of traditional β-type pyrosilicate is not adjustable, making it difficult to meet the requirements of various types of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). The following study aimed to develop a universal rule for high-entropy pyrosilicate element selection and to achieve directional control of the thermal expansion coefficient of high-entropy pyrosilicate. The current study investigates a high-entropy design method for obtaining pyrosilicates with stable β-phase and γ-phase by introducing various rare-earth (RE) cations. The solid-phase method was used to create 12 different types of high-entropy pyrosilicates with 4–6 components. The high-entropy pyrosilicates gradually transformed from β-phase to γ-phase with an increase in the average radius of RE^(3+) ions ( r¯(RE^(3+))). The nine pyrosilicates with a small r¯(RE^(3+)) preserve β-phase or γ-phase stability at room temperature to the maximum of 1400 ℃. The intrinsic relationship between the thermal expansion coefficient, phase structure, and RE–O bond length has also been found. This study provides the theoretical background for designing high-entropy pyrosilicates from the perspective of r¯(RE^(3+)). The theoretical guidance makes it easier to synthesize high-entropy pyrosilicates with stable β-phase or γ-phase for the use in environmental barrier coatings (EBCs). The thermal expansion coefficient of γ-type high-entropy pyrosilicate can be altered through component design to match various types of CMCs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(51977029,52177210)Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology planned project(2021JH6/10500135)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N2003002)Any opinions expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors and do not represent those of the sponsors.
文摘This paper proposes a novel power management strategy for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles based on deep reinforcement learning algorithm.Three parallel soft actor-critic(SAC)networks are trained for high speed,medium speed,and low-speed conditions respectively;the reward function is designed as minimizing the cost of energy cost and battery aging.During operation,the driving condition is recognized at each moment for the algorithm invoking based on the learning vector quantization(LVQ)neural network.On top of that,a driving cycle reconstruction algorithm is proposed.The historical speed segments that were recorded during the operation are reconstructed into the three categories of high speed,medium speed,and low speed,based on which the algorithms are online updated.The SAC-based control strategy is evaluated based on the standard driving cycles and Shenyang practical data.The results indicate the presented method can obtain the effect close to dynamic programming and can be further improved by up to 6.38%after the online update for uncertain driving conditions.
