In this work,we aim to investigate the origin of the magnetic carriers in the lunar crust and the intensity of the ancient dynamo field.The magnetization and depth range of magnetic carriers are studied under a weak a...In this work,we aim to investigate the origin of the magnetic carriers in the lunar crust and the intensity of the ancient dynamo field.The magnetization and depth range of magnetic carriers are studied under a weak and a strong magnetic anomaly in Mare Tranquillitatis and in Oceanus Procellarum,respectively,where the surface ages are 3.6 and 3.3 billion years.A sophisticated three-dimensional amplitude inversion software program from a geophysical survey is used to reconstruct the distributions of magnetization in the lunar crust.Because no globally measured surface magnetic field exists for the Moon,a crustal magnetic anomaly model with a grid resolution of 0.2°is used.The depth range of the magnetic source is fixed by the boundary identified by a relative criterion,which is 20%of the recovered maximum magnetization.The central burial depths of the magnetic carriers are approximately 15 km and 25 km under Reiner Gamma and Mare Tranquillitatis,respectively.The volumes of the two magnetic sources are at scales of 104 and 105 km3,respectively.The aforementioned differences may imply a hotter crust under Reiner Gamma than Mare Tranquillitatis by 3.3 billion years.The results support the view that the magma intrusions magnetized by an ancient magnetic field could be the origin of magnetic anomalies under Reiner Gamma and Mare Tranquillitatis.Compared with previous works,the maximum magnetization of 3 A/m under Reiner Gamma supports the intensity of the field being several microteslas.展开更多
Embryogenesis is the most basic process in developmental biology.Effectively and simply quantifying cell shape is challenging for the complex and dynamic 3D embryonic cells.Traditional descriptors such as volume,surfa...Embryogenesis is the most basic process in developmental biology.Effectively and simply quantifying cell shape is challenging for the complex and dynamic 3D embryonic cells.Traditional descriptors such as volume,surface area,and mean curvature often fall short,providing only a global view and lacking in local detail and reconstruction capability.Addressing this,we introduce an effective integrated method,3D Cell Shape Quantification(3DCSQ),for transforming digitized 3D cell shapes into analytical feature vectors,named eigengrid(proposed grid descriptor like eigen value),eigenharmonic,and eigenspectrum.We uniquely combine spherical grids,spherical harmonics,and principal component analysis for cell shape quantification.We demonstrate 3DCSQ’s effectiveness in recognizing cellular morphological phenotypes and clustering cells.Applied to Caenorhabditis elegans embryos of 29 living embryos from 4-to 350-cell stages,3DCSQ identifies and quantifies biologically reproducible cellular patterns including distinct skin cell deformations.We also provide automatically cell shape lineaging analysis program.This method not only systematizes cell shape description and evaluation but also monitors cell differentiation through shape changes,presenting an advancement in biological imaging and analysis.展开更多
Genes encoding reporter proteins are used as visual marker-assisted tools in genetic transformation as well as plant breeding. In this study, the red fluorescent protein identified in Discosoma sp. coral(DsRed2) was s...Genes encoding reporter proteins are used as visual marker-assisted tools in genetic transformation as well as plant breeding. In this study, the red fluorescent protein identified in Discosoma sp. coral(DsRed2) was successfully used as a visual marker for cotton genetic engineering. DsRed2 was successfully expressed in two cotton cultivars,JIN668 and YZ1, driven by the Ca MV-35 S promoter via the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Our results suggest that DsRed2 expression provides an early-stage selection tool for the transgenic calli via visual observation. Red fluorescence can be detected not only in callus and somatic embryos but also in most tissues and organs of mature plants. The transgenic line Yz-2-DsRed2 was crossed with four different cotton cultivars to assess the transgene heritability and stability in different genetic backgrounds.The heritability of the red color was highly stable when Yz-2-DsRed2 was used as a male parent. The DsRed2 gene expressed 100% in the F_1 hybrids. To investigate the relationship between DsRed2 transcription and DNA methylation, a methylation-specific PCR approach was applied to the Ca MV-35 S promoter region. The results showed a negative association between DNA methylation level in the promoter region and the transgene transcription.Taken together, these findings suggest DsRed2 a visual reporter gene for cotton genetic transformation and molecular breeding programs.展开更多
Coffee is one of the most important agricultural commodities and has the unique organoleptic characteristics such as strong but not bitter taste,fragrant,oily,and fruity.In this study,an untargeted metabolomics approa...Coffee is one of the most important agricultural commodities and has the unique organoleptic characteristics such as strong but not bitter taste,fragrant,oily,and fruity.In this study,an untargeted metabolomics approach based on UHPLC-QE-MS was used to investigate the differences in terms of components of precursor metabolites in coffee beans from 18 producing regions worldwide.Fingerprint analysis,principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis revealed a neat separation among coffee beans.Compounds with high relevance to variance in the projection values in supervised multivariate analysis were selected as important metabolites for the discrimination of coffee samples.In total,10 different families of compounds were considered as potential markers of the coffee beans:3-hydroxycoumarin,4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic,cryptochlorogenic acid,palmitic amide,linoleamide,arachidic acid,petroselinic acid,trehalose,L-glutamic acid,L-malic acid.The findings presented herein serve as a suitable framework for the design of novel discrimination strategies in food origin tracing.展开更多
Caenorhabditis elegans has been widely used as a model organism in developmental biology due to its invariant development.In this study,we developed a desktop software CShaperApp to segment fluorescence-labeled images...Caenorhabditis elegans has been widely used as a model organism in developmental biology due to its invariant development.In this study,we developed a desktop software CShaperApp to segment fluorescence-labeled images of cell membranes and analyze cellular morphologies interactively during C.elegans embryogenesis.Based on the previously proposed framework CShaper,CShaperApp empowers biologists to automatically and efficiently extract quantitative cellular morphological data with either an existing deep learning model or a fine-tuned one adapted to their in-house dataset.Experimental results show that it takes about 30 min to process a three-dimensional time-lapse(4D)dataset,which consists of 150 image stacks at a~1.5-min interval and covers C.elegans embryogenesis from the 4-cell to 350-cell stages.The robustness of CShaperApp is also validated with the datasets from different laboratories.Furthermore,modularized implementation increases the flexibility in multi-task applications and promotes its flexibility for future enhancements.As cell morphology over development has emerged as a focus of interest in developmental biology,CShaperApp is anticipated to pave the way for those studies by accelerating the high-throughput generation of systems-level quantitative data collection.The software can be freely downloaded from the website of Github(cao13jf/CShaperApp)and is executable on Windows,macOS,and Linux operating systems.展开更多
The transient-state acceleration control of aircraft engines has consistently been a focal point in the field of aircraft engine control research.To address the controller design problem of transient-state acceleratio...The transient-state acceleration control of aircraft engines has consistently been a focal point in the field of aircraft engine control research.To address the controller design problem of transient-state acceleration in aircraft engines based on switched linear systems,a data-driven optimization control algorithm is proposed.First,the optimization control problem for the transient-state acceleration process of aircraft engines is mathematically described.Subsequently,the Bellman optimal criterion in optimal control is utilized to derive the invariance of a value function at switching instants,providing an initial value for the optimization of the next subsystem.The optimization problem is then transformed into solving a Lyapunov equation using the principles of dynamic programming,and an iterative adaptive dynamic programming(ADP)algorithm is introduced to obtain optimal feedback control gains,which makes the solution of Lyapunov equation approach the optimal solution infinitely.Finally,simulation validation is conducted on a switched linear system for the transient-state acceleration of a specific aircraft engine.The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm are verified by comparing to traditional proportion integral differential(PID)control algorithms and active disturbance rejection control(ADRC).展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFA0715101)supported by the Chinese 111 Project (Contract No. B20011)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiessupported by the Innovation Experimental Class Program
文摘In this work,we aim to investigate the origin of the magnetic carriers in the lunar crust and the intensity of the ancient dynamo field.The magnetization and depth range of magnetic carriers are studied under a weak and a strong magnetic anomaly in Mare Tranquillitatis and in Oceanus Procellarum,respectively,where the surface ages are 3.6 and 3.3 billion years.A sophisticated three-dimensional amplitude inversion software program from a geophysical survey is used to reconstruct the distributions of magnetization in the lunar crust.Because no globally measured surface magnetic field exists for the Moon,a crustal magnetic anomaly model with a grid resolution of 0.2°is used.The depth range of the magnetic source is fixed by the boundary identified by a relative criterion,which is 20%of the recovered maximum magnetization.The central burial depths of the magnetic carriers are approximately 15 km and 25 km under Reiner Gamma and Mare Tranquillitatis,respectively.The volumes of the two magnetic sources are at scales of 104 and 105 km3,respectively.The aforementioned differences may imply a hotter crust under Reiner Gamma than Mare Tranquillitatis by 3.3 billion years.The results support the view that the magma intrusions magnetized by an ancient magnetic field could be the origin of magnetic anomalies under Reiner Gamma and Mare Tranquillitatis.Compared with previous works,the maximum magnetization of 3 A/m under Reiner Gamma supports the intensity of the field being several microteslas.
基金Hong Kong RGC(Research Grant Council),Grant/Award Number: 11204821Hong Kong ITC(Innovation and Technology Commission),Grant/Award Number: InnoHK Project CIMDACity University of Hong Kong, Grant/Award Number: 9610034
文摘Embryogenesis is the most basic process in developmental biology.Effectively and simply quantifying cell shape is challenging for the complex and dynamic 3D embryonic cells.Traditional descriptors such as volume,surface area,and mean curvature often fall short,providing only a global view and lacking in local detail and reconstruction capability.Addressing this,we introduce an effective integrated method,3D Cell Shape Quantification(3DCSQ),for transforming digitized 3D cell shapes into analytical feature vectors,named eigengrid(proposed grid descriptor like eigen value),eigenharmonic,and eigenspectrum.We uniquely combine spherical grids,spherical harmonics,and principal component analysis for cell shape quantification.We demonstrate 3DCSQ’s effectiveness in recognizing cellular morphological phenotypes and clustering cells.Applied to Caenorhabditis elegans embryos of 29 living embryos from 4-to 350-cell stages,3DCSQ identifies and quantifies biologically reproducible cellular patterns including distinct skin cell deformations.We also provide automatically cell shape lineaging analysis program.This method not only systematizes cell shape description and evaluation but also monitors cell differentiation through shape changes,presenting an advancement in biological imaging and analysis.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFD0100203-9)National R&D Project of Transgenic Crops of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016ZX08010001-006)+1 种基金Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities in China(B14032)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2013PY064,2662015PY028,2662015PY091)
文摘Genes encoding reporter proteins are used as visual marker-assisted tools in genetic transformation as well as plant breeding. In this study, the red fluorescent protein identified in Discosoma sp. coral(DsRed2) was successfully used as a visual marker for cotton genetic engineering. DsRed2 was successfully expressed in two cotton cultivars,JIN668 and YZ1, driven by the Ca MV-35 S promoter via the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Our results suggest that DsRed2 expression provides an early-stage selection tool for the transgenic calli via visual observation. Red fluorescence can be detected not only in callus and somatic embryos but also in most tissues and organs of mature plants. The transgenic line Yz-2-DsRed2 was crossed with four different cotton cultivars to assess the transgene heritability and stability in different genetic backgrounds.The heritability of the red color was highly stable when Yz-2-DsRed2 was used as a male parent. The DsRed2 gene expressed 100% in the F_1 hybrids. To investigate the relationship between DsRed2 transcription and DNA methylation, a methylation-specific PCR approach was applied to the Ca MV-35 S promoter region. The results showed a negative association between DNA methylation level in the promoter region and the transgene transcription.Taken together, these findings suggest DsRed2 a visual reporter gene for cotton genetic transformation and molecular breeding programs.
基金This work was supported by Risk assessment of agricultural product quality and safety-Building a coffee quality index system[grant number 125D0202].
文摘Coffee is one of the most important agricultural commodities and has the unique organoleptic characteristics such as strong but not bitter taste,fragrant,oily,and fruity.In this study,an untargeted metabolomics approach based on UHPLC-QE-MS was used to investigate the differences in terms of components of precursor metabolites in coffee beans from 18 producing regions worldwide.Fingerprint analysis,principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis revealed a neat separation among coffee beans.Compounds with high relevance to variance in the projection values in supervised multivariate analysis were selected as important metabolites for the discrimination of coffee samples.In total,10 different families of compounds were considered as potential markers of the coffee beans:3-hydroxycoumarin,4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic,cryptochlorogenic acid,palmitic amide,linoleamide,arachidic acid,petroselinic acid,trehalose,L-glutamic acid,L-malic acid.The findings presented herein serve as a suitable framework for the design of novel discrimination strategies in food origin tracing.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:12090053,32088101Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Fund,Grant/Award Numbers:GHP/176/21SZ,InnoHK Project CIMDAHong Kong Research Grants Council,Grant/Award Numbers:11204821,HKBU12101323,HKBU12101520,HKBU12101522,N_HKBU201/18。
文摘Caenorhabditis elegans has been widely used as a model organism in developmental biology due to its invariant development.In this study,we developed a desktop software CShaperApp to segment fluorescence-labeled images of cell membranes and analyze cellular morphologies interactively during C.elegans embryogenesis.Based on the previously proposed framework CShaper,CShaperApp empowers biologists to automatically and efficiently extract quantitative cellular morphological data with either an existing deep learning model or a fine-tuned one adapted to their in-house dataset.Experimental results show that it takes about 30 min to process a three-dimensional time-lapse(4D)dataset,which consists of 150 image stacks at a~1.5-min interval and covers C.elegans embryogenesis from the 4-cell to 350-cell stages.The robustness of CShaperApp is also validated with the datasets from different laboratories.Furthermore,modularized implementation increases the flexibility in multi-task applications and promotes its flexibility for future enhancements.As cell morphology over development has emerged as a focus of interest in developmental biology,CShaperApp is anticipated to pave the way for those studies by accelerating the high-throughput generation of systems-level quantitative data collection.The software can be freely downloaded from the website of Github(cao13jf/CShaperApp)and is executable on Windows,macOS,and Linux operating systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62303262 and 62103078)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2022TQ0179 and 2023M741991)+1 种基金the National Major Science and Technology Project(No.J2019-V-0010-0105)the Liaoning Province Natural Science Foundation General Project(No.2022-MS-341).
文摘The transient-state acceleration control of aircraft engines has consistently been a focal point in the field of aircraft engine control research.To address the controller design problem of transient-state acceleration in aircraft engines based on switched linear systems,a data-driven optimization control algorithm is proposed.First,the optimization control problem for the transient-state acceleration process of aircraft engines is mathematically described.Subsequently,the Bellman optimal criterion in optimal control is utilized to derive the invariance of a value function at switching instants,providing an initial value for the optimization of the next subsystem.The optimization problem is then transformed into solving a Lyapunov equation using the principles of dynamic programming,and an iterative adaptive dynamic programming(ADP)algorithm is introduced to obtain optimal feedback control gains,which makes the solution of Lyapunov equation approach the optimal solution infinitely.Finally,simulation validation is conducted on a switched linear system for the transient-state acceleration of a specific aircraft engine.The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm are verified by comparing to traditional proportion integral differential(PID)control algorithms and active disturbance rejection control(ADRC).
