Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to the lack of targeted treatments,rapid progression,high recurrence and metastasis rates,and overall poorer prognosis....Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to the lack of targeted treatments,rapid progression,high recurrence and metastasis rates,and overall poorer prognosis.Herein,the targeted theranostic platform of cysteine-modified gold nanodots-sulfhydrated luteinizing hormone releasing hormone(CGN-SLR)nanosystem was designed for target recognition and precise dual-mode imaging-guided photothermal therapy(PTT)against TNBC.On the one hand,the CGN-SLR nanosystem can serve as an ideal targeting fluorescent probe and computed tomography(CT)enhancer to facilitate the accurate diagnosis and surgical guidance of TNBC.On the other hand,the CGN-SLR nanosystem with great targeting and PTT ability can significantly inhibit the growth of TNBC,without causing harm to normal tissues and healthy organs.It provides an effective strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of TNBC through the rational design of multifunctional nanoplatform with target recognition,multiple imaging guidance/monitoring,and high-efficiency PTT.展开更多
Temperature-dependent resistivity,upper critical field H_(c2)and its anisotropy in overdoped superconducting Ba_(1-x)K_x Fe_2As_2(x=0.6-1)single crystals have been measured in steady magnetic fields up to 44 T and low...Temperature-dependent resistivity,upper critical field H_(c2)and its anisotropy in overdoped superconducting Ba_(1-x)K_x Fe_2As_2(x=0.6-1)single crystals have been measured in steady magnetic fields up to 44 T and low temperatures down to 0.4 K.Analysis using both the quadratic term and power-law fitting demonstrates that the in-plane resistivityρ_(ab)(T)progressively approaches the Fermi-liquid T~2behavior with increasing K doping and reaches a saturation plateau at x≈0.8.The temperature dependence of both H_(c2)^(ab)and H^(c)_(c2)follows the Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg model,incorporating orbital and spin paramagnetic effects.For x≤0.8,the orbital effect dominates for H ab,while the Pauli paramagnetic effect prevails for H c.For x>0.8,the Pauli paramagnetic effect becomes dominant in both crystallographic directions.The anisotropy of H_(c2)(0)exhibits a discontinuity in its dependence on K doping concentration with a significant enhancement at x=0.8 and a maximum at x=0.9.These experimental results indicate that the electron correlation effect is enhanced in the heavily overdoped Ba_(1-x)K_(x)Fe_(2)As_(2)system where the underlying symmetries are broken due to the Fermi surface reconstruction before x=0.9.展开更多
Crafting charge transfer channels at titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))based photoanodes remain a pressing bottleneck in solar-to-chemical conversion technology.Despite the tremendous attempts,TiO_(2)as the promising photoanod...Crafting charge transfer channels at titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))based photoanodes remain a pressing bottleneck in solar-to-chemical conversion technology.Despite the tremendous attempts,TiO_(2)as the promising photoanode material still suffers from sluggish charge transport kinetics.Herein,we propose an assembly strategy that involves the axial coordination grafting metalloporphyrin-based photosensitizer molecules(MP)onto the surface-modified TiO_(2)nanorods(NRs)photoanode,forming the composite MP/TiO_(2)NRs photoelectrode.As expected,the resulted unique MPB/TiO_(2)NRs photoelectrode displays significantly improved photocurrent density as compared to TiO_(2)NRs alone and MPA/TiO_(2)NRs photoelectrode.Scanning photoelectrochemical microscopy(SPECM)and intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy(IMPS)were employed to systematically evaluate the continuous photoinduced electron transfer(PET)dynamics for MP/TiO_(2)NRs photoelectrode.According to the data fitting,it is found that the photoelectron transfer rate(keff)constant for the MPB/TiO_(2)NRs is about 2.6 times higher than that for the pure TiO_(2)NRs under light irradiation.The high kinetic constant for the MPB/TiO_(2)NRs was ascribed to that the conjugated molecules MPB of D-A structure can effectively accelerate intramolecular electrons transfer as well as promote electrons taking part in the reduction reaction of I3to Iin the novel charge transfer channel.The results demonstrated in this study are expected to shed some light on investigating the mechanism in the charge transfer process of artificial photosynthesis and constructing efficient photoelectrodes.展开更多
Accurate prediction of drug-target interactions(DTIs)plays a pivotal role in drug discovery,facilitating optimization of lead compounds,drug repurposing and elucidation of drug side effects.However,traditional DTI pre...Accurate prediction of drug-target interactions(DTIs)plays a pivotal role in drug discovery,facilitating optimization of lead compounds,drug repurposing and elucidation of drug side effects.However,traditional DTI prediction methods are often limited by incomplete biological data and insufficient representation of protein features.In this study,we proposed KG-CNNDTI,a novel knowledge graph-enhanced framework for DTI prediction,which integrates heterogeneous biological information to improve model generalizability and predictive performance.The proposed model utilized protein embeddings derived from a biomedical knowledge graph via the Node2Vec algorithm,which were further enriched with contextualized sequence representations obtained from ProteinBERT.For compound representation,multiple molecular fingerprint schemes alongside the Uni-Mol pre-trained model were evaluated.The fused representations served as inputs to both classical machine learning models and a convolutional neural network-based predictor.Experimental evaluations across benchmark datasets demonstrated that KG-CNNDTI achieved superior performance compared to state-of-the-art methods,particularly in terms of Precision,Recall,F1-Score and area under the precision-recall curve(AUPR).Ablation analysis highlighted the substantial contribution of knowledge graph-derived features.Moreover,KG-CNNDTI was employed for virtual screening of natural products against Alzheimer's disease,resulting in 40 candidate compounds.5 were supported by literature evidence,among which 3 were further validated in vitro assays.展开更多
The global demand for effective skin injury treatments has prompted the exploration of tissue engineering solutions.While three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting has shown promise,challenges persist with respect to achieving...The global demand for effective skin injury treatments has prompted the exploration of tissue engineering solutions.While three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting has shown promise,challenges persist with respect to achieving timely and compatible solutions to treat diverse skin injuries.In situ bioprinting has emerged as a key new technology,since it reduces risks during the implantation of printed scaffolds and demonstrates superior therapeutic effects.However,maintaining printing fidelity during in situ bioprinting remains a critical challenge,particularly with respect to model layering and path planning.This study proposes a novel optimization-based conformal path planning strategy for in situ bioprinting-based repair of complex skin injuries.This strategy employs constrained optimization to identify optimal waypoints on a point cloud-approximated curved surface,thereby ensuring a high degree of similarity between predesigned planar and surface-mapped 3D paths.Furthermore,this method is applicable for skin wound treatments,since it generates 3D-equidistant zigzag curves along surface tangents and enables multi-layer conformal path planning to facilitate the treatment of volumetric injuries.Furthermore,the proposed algorithm was found to be a feasible and effective treatment in a murine back injury model as well as in other complex models,thereby showcasing its potential to guide in situ bioprinting,enhance bioprinting fidelity,and facilitate improvement of clinical outcomes.展开更多
It is increasingly relevant to study the effects of climate change on species habitats. Using a maximum entropy model, 22 environmental factors with significant effects on sorghum habitat distribution in China were se...It is increasingly relevant to study the effects of climate change on species habitats. Using a maximum entropy model, 22 environmental factors with significant effects on sorghum habitat distribution in China were selected to predict the potential habitat distribution of sorghum in China. The potential distribution of sorghum under baseline climate conditions and future climate conditions (2050s and 2070s) under two climate change scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, were simulated, and the receiver operating curve under the accuracy of the model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). The results showed that the maximum entropy model predicted the potential sorghum habitat distribution with high accuracy, with Bio2 (monthly mean diurnal temperature difference), Bio6 (minimum temperature in the coldest month), and Bio13 (rainfall in the wettest month) as the main climatic factors affecting sorghum distribution among the 22 environmental factors. Under the baseline climate conditions, potential sorghum habitats are mainly distributed in the southwest, central, and east China. Over time, the potential sorghum habitat expanded into northern and southern China, with significant additions and negligible decreases in potential sorghum habitat in the study area, and a significant increase in total area, with the RCP8.5 scenario adding much more area than the RCP4.5 scenario.展开更多
Deep coal reservoirs(buried depth>2000 m)represent a significant yet underexploited resource for coalbed methane(CBM)production.In these reservoirs,CBM primarily exists in adsorbed and free phase,with the pore stru...Deep coal reservoirs(buried depth>2000 m)represent a significant yet underexploited resource for coalbed methane(CBM)production.In these reservoirs,CBM primarily exists in adsorbed and free phase,with the pore structure playing a critical role in gas storage and migration.The Jiaxian block in the northeastern Ordos Basin,has emerged as a key area for deep CBM exploration due to its promising resource potential.However,the pore structure characteristics of the No.8 coal seam in Jiaxian block and their implications for gas storage and production remain poorly understood.A comprehensive characterization of the No.8 coal seam's pore structure is conducted in the study using multiple methods including high-pressure mercury injection,N2/CO_(2)adsorption experiments,and integration of measured core gas content data and production history.The study results reveal that the pores can be mainly classified as vesicles and cellular pores,and the fractures are mainly static pressure fractures.Micropores(pore diameter<10 nm)dominate the pore system(accounting for more than 99%of the total specific surface area),providing important adsorption sites for gas storage.Although mesopores(pore diameter of 100-1000 nm)and macropores(pore diameter>1000 nm)account for a small proportion,they feature effective storage spaces and interconnectivity,resulting in a high proportion of free gas.Therefore,the reservoirs shows great development potential after stimulation(such as hydraulic fracturing).These findings emphasize the feasibility of large-scale and long-term development of CBM in the Jiaxian block in terms of reservoir space,gas content and production characteristics.This study serves to lay a scientific basis for its efficient exploitation.展开更多
Chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7(CHD7),an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler,plays versatile roles in neurodevelopment.However,the functional significance of its ATPase/nucleosome remodeling activity remains...Chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7(CHD7),an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler,plays versatile roles in neurodevelopment.However,the functional significance of its ATPase/nucleosome remodeling activity remains incompletely understood.Here,we generate genetically engineered mouse embryonic stem cell lines harboring either an inducible Chd7 knockout or an ATPase-deficient missense variant identified in individuals with CHD7-related disorders.Through in vitro neural induction and differentiation assays combined with mouse brain analyses,we demonstrate that CHD7 enzymatic activity is indispensable for gene regulation and neurite development.Mechanistic studies integrating transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling reveal that CHD7 enzymatic activity is essential for establishing a permissive chromatin landscape at target genes,marked by the open chromatin architecture and active histone modifications.Collectively,our findings underscore the pivotal role of CHD7 enzymatic activity in neurodevelopment and provide critical insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of CHD7 missense variants in human diseases.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)can help prevent or treat diseases;however,there are few studies on the active substances of TCM.For example,Lycium barbarum L.has been proven to be effective in treating osteoporosis ...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)can help prevent or treat diseases;however,there are few studies on the active substances of TCM.For example,Lycium barbarum L.has been proven to be effective in treating osteoporosis for thousands of years,but its active substance remains to be unknown.Prompted by the efforts to modernize TCM,the present study focused on the novel active substance of Lycium barbarum L.to reinforce kidney essence to produce bone marrow.Illumina deep sequencing analysis and stemloop polymerase chain reaction(PCR)assay revealed that miR162a,a Lycium barbarum L.-derived microRNA,can pass through the gastrointestinal tract to target the bone marrow in mice.Immunofluorescence staining showed that miR162a was absorbed through systemic RNA interference defective transmembrane family member 1(SIDT1)in the stomach.Bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay identified that miR162a targeted nuclear receptor corepressor(NcoR).Alizarin red staining and micro-computed tomography(microCT)confirmed that miR162a promoted osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,zebrafish,and a mouse model of osteoporosis.In addition,transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana(N.benthamiana)leaves overexpressing miR162a were developed by agrobacterium infiltration method.microCT and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining confirmed that transgenic N.benthamiana leaves effectively protected against osteoporosis in mice.Our study mechanistically explains how Lycium barbarum L.improves osteoporosis and supports that Lycium barbarum L.reinforces kidney essence,thereby strengthening the bone.miR162a expressed by transgenic plants may represent a novel and safe treatment for human osteoporosis.展开更多
Prostate cancer(PCa)is characterized by high incidence and propensity for easy metastasis,presenting significant challenges in clinical diagnosis and treatment.Tumor microenvironment(TME)-responsive nanomaterials prov...Prostate cancer(PCa)is characterized by high incidence and propensity for easy metastasis,presenting significant challenges in clinical diagnosis and treatment.Tumor microenvironment(TME)-responsive nanomaterials provide a promising prospect for imaging-guided precision therapy.Considering that tumor-derived alkaline phosphatase(ALP)is over-expressed in metastatic PCa,it makes a great chance to develop a theranostics system with ALP responsive in the TME.Herein,an ALP-responsive aggregationinduced emission luminogens(AIEgens)nanoprobe AMNF self-assembly was designed for enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of metastatic PCa.The nanoprobe exhibited self-aggregation in the presence of ALP resulted in aggregation-induced fluorescence,and enhanced accumulation and prolonged retention period at the tumor site.In terms of detection,the fluorescence(FL)/computed tomography(CT)/magnetic resonance(MR)multi-mode imaging effect of nanoprobe was significantly improved post-aggregation,enabling precise diagnosis through the amalgamation of multiple imaging modes.Enhanced CT/MR imaging can achieve assist preoperative tumor diagnosis,and enhanced FL imaging technology can achieve“intraoperative visual navigation”,showing its potential application value in clinical tumor detection and surgical guidance.In terms of treatment,AMNF showed strong absorption in the near infrared region after aggregation,which improved the photothermal treatment effect.Overall,our work developed an effective aggregation-enhanced theranostic strategy for ALP-related cancers.展开更多
This paper investigates China's coal price volatility spreaders(CPVSs)from the supply side to locate the volatility source since coal price volatility may destabilize many downstream products'prices or even br...This paper investigates China's coal price volatility spreaders(CPVSs)from the supply side to locate the volatility source since coal price volatility may destabilize many downstream products'prices or even bring uncertainties to macroeconomic output.Especially in the carbon neutrality context,China's coal market is being reconstructed and responding to imbalances between supply and demand;identifying the CPVSs helps alleviate rising market instability and prevent energy-induced system risk.To achieve this objective,we explore causalities among 938 weekly coal prices reported by different coal-producing areas of China from 2006.9.4 to 2021.7.12 using the transfer entropy method.Then,coal price volatility influence is quantified to identify the CPVSs by conjointly using complex network theory and a rank aggregation method.The validity test demonstrates that the proposed hybrid method efficiently identifies the CPVSs as it correlates to many price determinants,e.g.,electricity and coal consumption and generation.The empirical results show that causalities among coal prices changed dramatically in 2016,2018,and 2020,affected by coal decapacity and carbon neutrality policies.Before 2018,coal-producing provinces with strong demand for coal and electricity,e.g.,Jiangxi,Chongqing,and Sichuan,were CPVSs;after 2019,those with comparative advantages in coal supply,e.g.,Gansu and Ningxia,were CPVSs.Overall,the coal market is unstable and sensitive to energy policy and external shocks.Policymakers and market participants are recommended to monitor and manage the CPVSs to improve energy security,avoid policy-induced instability and prevent risks caused by coal price fluctuations.展开更多
The gallate salts are frequently employed as matrix for mechanoluminescence(ML)materials largely due to their plentiful defect energy levels and robust piezoelectric characteristics.Nevertheless,the ML performance of ...The gallate salts are frequently employed as matrix for mechanoluminescence(ML)materials largely due to their plentiful defect energy levels and robust piezoelectric characteristics.Nevertheless,the ML performance of specific gallate materials is inferior to that of sulfides and fluorides and thus requires improvement.To address this issue,it is essential to engineer appropriate lattice defects in order to facilitate the advancement of new elastic ML materials.Therefore,in the present study,a series of Ca_(3)Ga_(4)O_(9):0.01 Bi^(3+),xTb^(3+)(x=0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05 and 0.06)was synthesized using the traditional high-temperature solid-state method.Furthermore,a non-intrinsic defect control strategy utilising Bi^(3+)ions is presented,which serves to enhance the performance of calcium gallate.The ML intensity is enhanced by 112%in comparison to the undoped samples(concentration of Tb^(3+)is 0.04),resulting in an improved linearity between mechanical loading and ML intensity,along with the achievement of dualmode photoluminescence(PL).By analysing the crystal structure,PL,ML,and thermoluminescence(TL)properties of Ca_(3)Ga_(4)O_(9):Bi^(3+),Tb^(3+)(CGO:Bi^(3+),Tb^(3+)),coupled with the first principles calculations using density functional theory(DFT),the ML mechanism of CGO:Bi^(3+),Tb^(3+)was elucidated.This leads to the development of a versatile anti-counterfeiting device with both flexible and rigid multi-mode capabilities.展开更多
High-nickel ternary silicon-carbon lithium-ion batteries,which use silicon-carbon materials as anodes and high-nickel ternary materials as cathodes,have already been commercialized as power batteries.The increasing de...High-nickel ternary silicon-carbon lithium-ion batteries,which use silicon-carbon materials as anodes and high-nickel ternary materials as cathodes,have already been commercialized as power batteries.The increasing demand for high-energy density and rapid charging characteristics has heightened the urgency of improving their fast charging cycle performance while establishing degradation mechanisms.Based on a pouch battery design with an energy density of 285 Wh·kg^(-1),this work studied 3 Ah pouch batteries for fast charging cycles ranging from 0.5C to 3C.Non-destructive techniques,such as differential voltage,incremental capacity analysis,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,were employed to investigate the effects of charging rates on battery cycling performance and to establish the degradation mechanisms.The experimental results indicated that capacity diving was observed at all charging rates.However,at lower rates(0.5C-2C),more cycles were achieved,while at higher rates(2C-3C),the cycle life remained relatively stable.Computed tomography,electrochemical performance analysis,and physicochemical characterizations were obtained,using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.The mechanisms of capacity decrease during 3C fast charging cycles were investigated.It is proposed that the primary causes of capacity diving during 3C fast charging are the degradation of SiOx,anode polarization,and the simultaneous dissolution of metal ions in the cathode which were deposited at the anode,resulting the continuous growth and remodeling of the SEI membrane at the anode,thereby promoting more serious side reactions.展开更多
Semantic segmentation has made significant breakthroughs in various application fields,but achieving both accurate and efficient segmentation with limited computational resources remains a major challenge.To this end,...Semantic segmentation has made significant breakthroughs in various application fields,but achieving both accurate and efficient segmentation with limited computational resources remains a major challenge.To this end,we propose CGMISeg,an efficient semantic segmentation architecture based on a context-guided multi-scale interaction strategy,aiming to significantly reduce computational overhead while maintaining segmentation accuracy.CGMISeg consists of three core components:context-aware attention modulation,feature reconstruction,and crossinformation fusion.Context-aware attention modulation is carefully designed to capture key contextual information through channel and spatial attention mechanisms.The feature reconstruction module reconstructs contextual information from different scales,modeling key rectangular areas by capturing critical contextual information in both horizontal and vertical directions,thereby enhancing the focus on foreground features.The cross-information fusion module aims to fuse the reconstructed high-level features with the original low-level features during upsampling,promoting multi-scale interaction and enhancing the model’s ability to handle objects at different scales.We extensively evaluated CGMISeg on ADE20K,Cityscapes,and COCO-Stuff,three widely used datasets benchmarks,and the experimental results show that CGMISeg exhibits significant advantages in segmentation performance,computational efficiency,and inference speed,clearly outperforming several mainstream methods,including SegFormer,Feedformer,and SegNext.Specifically,CGMISeg achieves 42.9%mIoU(Mean Intersection over Union)and 15.7 FPS(Frames Per Second)on the ADE20K dataset with 3.8 GFLOPs(Giga Floating-point Operations Per Second),outperforming Feedformer and SegNeXt by 3.7%and 1.8%in mIoU,respectively,while also offering reduced computational complexity and faster inference.CGMISeg strikes an excellent balance between accuracy and efficiency,significantly enhancing both computational and inference performance while maintaining high precision,showcasing exceptional practical value and strong potential for widespread applications.展开更多
Sediments are ultimate sinks of nutrients in lakes that record the pollution history evolutionary processes, and anthropogenic activities of a lake. However, sediments are considered as inner sources of environmental ...Sediments are ultimate sinks of nutrients in lakes that record the pollution history evolutionary processes, and anthropogenic activities of a lake. However, sediments are considered as inner sources of environmental factor changes such as the variation in hydrodynamic conditions because of the nutrients they release. How does this process happen？ This study investigates a typical nutrient phosphorus （P） exchange among sediment, suspended particle matter （SPM）, and water. Compared with numerical and experimental studies, this study confirms that the critical velocity that occurs at a lower flow rate state exists in the range of 7 to 15 crn/sec. Critical velocity below the critical flow rate promotes the migration of particulate phosphorus （PP） to the SPM. On the other hand, critical velocity above the critical flow rate promotes the release of PP in water.展开更多
Phosphorous （P） fraction characteristics in sediment resuspension were investigated under adequately hydrodynamic conditions. Four forms of P in overlying water, including dissolved inorganic P, dissolved total P, t...Phosphorous （P） fraction characteristics in sediment resuspension were investigated under adequately hydrodynamic conditions. Four forms of P in overlying water, including dissolved inorganic P, dissolved total P, total P, and particulate P, and six fractions of P in suspended particulate matter （SPM）, including loosely sorbed P （NH4Cl-P）, redox-sensitive P （BD-P）, aluminum-bound P （Al- P）, organic P （NaOH-nrP）, calcium-bound P （Ca-P） and residual P （Res-P）, were quantified, respectively. Different hydrodynamic conditions resulted in different P form changes. Four states could be ascribed： （1） P desorption by sediment and SPM, and P adsorption by overlying water; （2） P desorption by SPM, and P adsorption by overlying water; （3） P adsorption by SPM, and P desorption by overlying water; and （4） P equilibrium between SPM and overlying water. The contents of P in overlying water acquired peak values in the middle position of the vertical P distribution due to the combined actions of SPM and sediment. P fractions in SPM were in the following order： BD-P 〉 NaOH-nrp 〉 Ca-P 〉 Al-P 〉 Res-P 〉 NH4Cl-P. BD-P in SPM frequently exchanged with P forms in overlying water. Resuspension was favorable to forming Ca-P in SPM.展开更多
Background:Observing interstitial fluid(ISF)is very difficult because interstitial structure collapses and ISF disappears after tissue fixation.Additionally,ISF is colorless,and interstitial flow is weak in vivo.In or...Background:Observing interstitial fluid(ISF)is very difficult because interstitial structure collapses and ISF disappears after tissue fixation.Additionally,ISF is colorless,and interstitial flow is weak in vivo.In order to view the interstitial flow,special dye and animal model was chosen to explore the movement characteristic of interstitial flow and related structure.Methods:The Gephyrocharax Melanocheir(GM)fish,a special animal with translucent body,were placed into 0.03 g/L tricain solution for anesthesia.20-25μL Alcian blue(AB)solution which can stain acid mucopolysaccharide immobilized by the collagen net in connective tissue was injected into each fish at a single point with a rate of 2 μL/min via a micro-injection pump.The process of infusion and the movement of the AB in fish were record by a digital camera.The(fresh)frozen sections of AB tracks tissue were performed to observe the morphological feature.Results:Several blue tracks were observed which were formed by longitudinal directional movements of AB solution.For back lateral track,the velocity and length of the movements were significantly fast and longer on the direction toward head than that toward tail(P<0.01).For lateral middle track,the result was opposite,namely toward tail(P<0.01).This phenomenon indicated an inherent ISF flow according to Darcy's law.Morphological study showed these tracks were just in septa composed by connective tissue.The stained blue septa formed various shapes as interstitial space for ISF flow and connected with one another like a net.The finding can help us to understand the essence of meridian in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Conclusions:The dynamic asymmetry of the AB tracks revealed interstitial flow in the GM fish body.It implied an inherent interstitial flow along particular pathway formed by septa which may be a key to understand the nature and value of meridians and collaterals in health care.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(No.SKL202302002).
文摘Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to the lack of targeted treatments,rapid progression,high recurrence and metastasis rates,and overall poorer prognosis.Herein,the targeted theranostic platform of cysteine-modified gold nanodots-sulfhydrated luteinizing hormone releasing hormone(CGN-SLR)nanosystem was designed for target recognition and precise dual-mode imaging-guided photothermal therapy(PTT)against TNBC.On the one hand,the CGN-SLR nanosystem can serve as an ideal targeting fluorescent probe and computed tomography(CT)enhancer to facilitate the accurate diagnosis and surgical guidance of TNBC.On the other hand,the CGN-SLR nanosystem with great targeting and PTT ability can significantly inhibit the growth of TNBC,without causing harm to normal tissues and healthy organs.It provides an effective strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of TNBC through the rational design of multifunctional nanoplatform with target recognition,multiple imaging guidance/monitoring,and high-efficiency PTT.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2024YFA1611100,2023YFA1406100,and 2018YFA0704201)the Systematic Fundamental Research Program Leveraging Major Scientific and Technological Infrastructure,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.JZHKYPT-2021-08)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11704385,11874359,and 12274444)the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB25000000)。
文摘Temperature-dependent resistivity,upper critical field H_(c2)and its anisotropy in overdoped superconducting Ba_(1-x)K_x Fe_2As_2(x=0.6-1)single crystals have been measured in steady magnetic fields up to 44 T and low temperatures down to 0.4 K.Analysis using both the quadratic term and power-law fitting demonstrates that the in-plane resistivityρ_(ab)(T)progressively approaches the Fermi-liquid T~2behavior with increasing K doping and reaches a saturation plateau at x≈0.8.The temperature dependence of both H_(c2)^(ab)and H^(c)_(c2)follows the Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg model,incorporating orbital and spin paramagnetic effects.For x≤0.8,the orbital effect dominates for H ab,while the Pauli paramagnetic effect prevails for H c.For x>0.8,the Pauli paramagnetic effect becomes dominant in both crystallographic directions.The anisotropy of H_(c2)(0)exhibits a discontinuity in its dependence on K doping concentration with a significant enhancement at x=0.8 and a maximum at x=0.9.These experimental results indicate that the electron correlation effect is enhanced in the heavily overdoped Ba_(1-x)K_(x)Fe_(2)As_(2)system where the underlying symmetries are broken due to the Fermi surface reconstruction before x=0.9.
基金We are thankful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22174110 and 22127803)the Industrial Support Plan of Gansu Provincial Department of Education(2021cyzc-01)the Special Fund Project for Guiding Local Scientific and Technological Development by the Central Government(2020-2060503-17).
文摘Crafting charge transfer channels at titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))based photoanodes remain a pressing bottleneck in solar-to-chemical conversion technology.Despite the tremendous attempts,TiO_(2)as the promising photoanode material still suffers from sluggish charge transport kinetics.Herein,we propose an assembly strategy that involves the axial coordination grafting metalloporphyrin-based photosensitizer molecules(MP)onto the surface-modified TiO_(2)nanorods(NRs)photoanode,forming the composite MP/TiO_(2)NRs photoelectrode.As expected,the resulted unique MPB/TiO_(2)NRs photoelectrode displays significantly improved photocurrent density as compared to TiO_(2)NRs alone and MPA/TiO_(2)NRs photoelectrode.Scanning photoelectrochemical microscopy(SPECM)and intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy(IMPS)were employed to systematically evaluate the continuous photoinduced electron transfer(PET)dynamics for MP/TiO_(2)NRs photoelectrode.According to the data fitting,it is found that the photoelectron transfer rate(keff)constant for the MPB/TiO_(2)NRs is about 2.6 times higher than that for the pure TiO_(2)NRs under light irradiation.The high kinetic constant for the MPB/TiO_(2)NRs was ascribed to that the conjugated molecules MPB of D-A structure can effectively accelerate intramolecular electrons transfer as well as promote electrons taking part in the reduction reaction of I3to Iin the novel charge transfer channel.The results demonstrated in this study are expected to shed some light on investigating the mechanism in the charge transfer process of artificial photosynthesis and constructing efficient photoelectrodes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82173746 and U23A20530)Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism(Shanghai Municipal Education Commission)。
文摘Accurate prediction of drug-target interactions(DTIs)plays a pivotal role in drug discovery,facilitating optimization of lead compounds,drug repurposing and elucidation of drug side effects.However,traditional DTI prediction methods are often limited by incomplete biological data and insufficient representation of protein features.In this study,we proposed KG-CNNDTI,a novel knowledge graph-enhanced framework for DTI prediction,which integrates heterogeneous biological information to improve model generalizability and predictive performance.The proposed model utilized protein embeddings derived from a biomedical knowledge graph via the Node2Vec algorithm,which were further enriched with contextualized sequence representations obtained from ProteinBERT.For compound representation,multiple molecular fingerprint schemes alongside the Uni-Mol pre-trained model were evaluated.The fused representations served as inputs to both classical machine learning models and a convolutional neural network-based predictor.Experimental evaluations across benchmark datasets demonstrated that KG-CNNDTI achieved superior performance compared to state-of-the-art methods,particularly in terms of Precision,Recall,F1-Score and area under the precision-recall curve(AUPR).Ablation analysis highlighted the substantial contribution of knowledge graph-derived features.Moreover,KG-CNNDTI was employed for virtual screening of natural products against Alzheimer's disease,resulting in 40 candidate compounds.5 were supported by literature evidence,among which 3 were further validated in vitro assays.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52205532 and 624B2077)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB4302003).
文摘The global demand for effective skin injury treatments has prompted the exploration of tissue engineering solutions.While three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting has shown promise,challenges persist with respect to achieving timely and compatible solutions to treat diverse skin injuries.In situ bioprinting has emerged as a key new technology,since it reduces risks during the implantation of printed scaffolds and demonstrates superior therapeutic effects.However,maintaining printing fidelity during in situ bioprinting remains a critical challenge,particularly with respect to model layering and path planning.This study proposes a novel optimization-based conformal path planning strategy for in situ bioprinting-based repair of complex skin injuries.This strategy employs constrained optimization to identify optimal waypoints on a point cloud-approximated curved surface,thereby ensuring a high degree of similarity between predesigned planar and surface-mapped 3D paths.Furthermore,this method is applicable for skin wound treatments,since it generates 3D-equidistant zigzag curves along surface tangents and enables multi-layer conformal path planning to facilitate the treatment of volumetric injuries.Furthermore,the proposed algorithm was found to be a feasible and effective treatment in a murine back injury model as well as in other complex models,thereby showcasing its potential to guide in situ bioprinting,enhance bioprinting fidelity,and facilitate improvement of clinical outcomes.
文摘It is increasingly relevant to study the effects of climate change on species habitats. Using a maximum entropy model, 22 environmental factors with significant effects on sorghum habitat distribution in China were selected to predict the potential habitat distribution of sorghum in China. The potential distribution of sorghum under baseline climate conditions and future climate conditions (2050s and 2070s) under two climate change scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, were simulated, and the receiver operating curve under the accuracy of the model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). The results showed that the maximum entropy model predicted the potential sorghum habitat distribution with high accuracy, with Bio2 (monthly mean diurnal temperature difference), Bio6 (minimum temperature in the coldest month), and Bio13 (rainfall in the wettest month) as the main climatic factors affecting sorghum distribution among the 22 environmental factors. Under the baseline climate conditions, potential sorghum habitats are mainly distributed in the southwest, central, and east China. Over time, the potential sorghum habitat expanded into northern and southern China, with significant additions and negligible decreases in potential sorghum habitat in the study area, and a significant increase in total area, with the RCP8.5 scenario adding much more area than the RCP4.5 scenario.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFC2909400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42402180,42202195)the tackling applied science and technology projects of China National Petroleum Corporation(2023ZZ18)。
文摘Deep coal reservoirs(buried depth>2000 m)represent a significant yet underexploited resource for coalbed methane(CBM)production.In these reservoirs,CBM primarily exists in adsorbed and free phase,with the pore structure playing a critical role in gas storage and migration.The Jiaxian block in the northeastern Ordos Basin,has emerged as a key area for deep CBM exploration due to its promising resource potential.However,the pore structure characteristics of the No.8 coal seam in Jiaxian block and their implications for gas storage and production remain poorly understood.A comprehensive characterization of the No.8 coal seam's pore structure is conducted in the study using multiple methods including high-pressure mercury injection,N2/CO_(2)adsorption experiments,and integration of measured core gas content data and production history.The study results reveal that the pores can be mainly classified as vesicles and cellular pores,and the fractures are mainly static pressure fractures.Micropores(pore diameter<10 nm)dominate the pore system(accounting for more than 99%of the total specific surface area),providing important adsorption sites for gas storage.Although mesopores(pore diameter of 100-1000 nm)and macropores(pore diameter>1000 nm)account for a small proportion,they feature effective storage spaces and interconnectivity,resulting in a high proportion of free gas.Therefore,the reservoirs shows great development potential after stimulation(such as hydraulic fracturing).These findings emphasize the feasibility of large-scale and long-term development of CBM in the Jiaxian block in terms of reservoir space,gas content and production characteristics.This study serves to lay a scientific basis for its efficient exploitation.
基金supported by the Medical Science Data Center at Shanghai Medical College of Fudan Universitysupported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (81974229and 82171167 to W.F.,82330049 to W.Z.)+2 种基金Xiamen Municipal Major Project of High-Quality Development of Health and Wellness Technology Program (2024-GZL-GD06 to W.F.)National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFA0806603 to W.F.)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China (2024A04J4924 to C.H.)
文摘Chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7(CHD7),an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler,plays versatile roles in neurodevelopment.However,the functional significance of its ATPase/nucleosome remodeling activity remains incompletely understood.Here,we generate genetically engineered mouse embryonic stem cell lines harboring either an inducible Chd7 knockout or an ATPase-deficient missense variant identified in individuals with CHD7-related disorders.Through in vitro neural induction and differentiation assays combined with mouse brain analyses,we demonstrate that CHD7 enzymatic activity is indispensable for gene regulation and neurite development.Mechanistic studies integrating transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling reveal that CHD7 enzymatic activity is essential for establishing a permissive chromatin landscape at target genes,marked by the open chromatin architecture and active histone modifications.Collectively,our findings underscore the pivotal role of CHD7 enzymatic activity in neurodevelopment and provide critical insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of CHD7 missense variants in human diseases.
基金supported by Key Project of Jiangsu Province’s Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZD202203)Jiangsu Province’s Innovation Program(JSSCTD202142)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(traditional Chinese medicine).
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)can help prevent or treat diseases;however,there are few studies on the active substances of TCM.For example,Lycium barbarum L.has been proven to be effective in treating osteoporosis for thousands of years,but its active substance remains to be unknown.Prompted by the efforts to modernize TCM,the present study focused on the novel active substance of Lycium barbarum L.to reinforce kidney essence to produce bone marrow.Illumina deep sequencing analysis and stemloop polymerase chain reaction(PCR)assay revealed that miR162a,a Lycium barbarum L.-derived microRNA,can pass through the gastrointestinal tract to target the bone marrow in mice.Immunofluorescence staining showed that miR162a was absorbed through systemic RNA interference defective transmembrane family member 1(SIDT1)in the stomach.Bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay identified that miR162a targeted nuclear receptor corepressor(NcoR).Alizarin red staining and micro-computed tomography(microCT)confirmed that miR162a promoted osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,zebrafish,and a mouse model of osteoporosis.In addition,transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana(N.benthamiana)leaves overexpressing miR162a were developed by agrobacterium infiltration method.microCT and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining confirmed that transgenic N.benthamiana leaves effectively protected against osteoporosis in mice.Our study mechanistically explains how Lycium barbarum L.improves osteoporosis and supports that Lycium barbarum L.reinforces kidney essence,thereby strengthening the bone.miR162a expressed by transgenic plants may represent a novel and safe treatment for human osteoporosis.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(No.SKL202302002)Key Research and Development project of Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Department(No.20210204142YY)+2 种基金The Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province(No.2020122256JC)Beijing Kechuang Medical Development Foundation Fund of China(No.KC2023-JX-0186BQ079)Talent Reserve Program(TRP),the First Hospital of Jilin University(No.JDYY-TRP-2024007)。
文摘Prostate cancer(PCa)is characterized by high incidence and propensity for easy metastasis,presenting significant challenges in clinical diagnosis and treatment.Tumor microenvironment(TME)-responsive nanomaterials provide a promising prospect for imaging-guided precision therapy.Considering that tumor-derived alkaline phosphatase(ALP)is over-expressed in metastatic PCa,it makes a great chance to develop a theranostics system with ALP responsive in the TME.Herein,an ALP-responsive aggregationinduced emission luminogens(AIEgens)nanoprobe AMNF self-assembly was designed for enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of metastatic PCa.The nanoprobe exhibited self-aggregation in the presence of ALP resulted in aggregation-induced fluorescence,and enhanced accumulation and prolonged retention period at the tumor site.In terms of detection,the fluorescence(FL)/computed tomography(CT)/magnetic resonance(MR)multi-mode imaging effect of nanoprobe was significantly improved post-aggregation,enabling precise diagnosis through the amalgamation of multiple imaging modes.Enhanced CT/MR imaging can achieve assist preoperative tumor diagnosis,and enhanced FL imaging technology can achieve“intraoperative visual navigation”,showing its potential application value in clinical tumor detection and surgical guidance.In terms of treatment,AMNF showed strong absorption in the near infrared region after aggregation,which improved the photothermal treatment effect.Overall,our work developed an effective aggregation-enhanced theranostic strategy for ALP-related cancers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72401207 and 42101300)Beijing Municipal Education Commission,China(Grant No.SM202110038001).
文摘This paper investigates China's coal price volatility spreaders(CPVSs)from the supply side to locate the volatility source since coal price volatility may destabilize many downstream products'prices or even bring uncertainties to macroeconomic output.Especially in the carbon neutrality context,China's coal market is being reconstructed and responding to imbalances between supply and demand;identifying the CPVSs helps alleviate rising market instability and prevent energy-induced system risk.To achieve this objective,we explore causalities among 938 weekly coal prices reported by different coal-producing areas of China from 2006.9.4 to 2021.7.12 using the transfer entropy method.Then,coal price volatility influence is quantified to identify the CPVSs by conjointly using complex network theory and a rank aggregation method.The validity test demonstrates that the proposed hybrid method efficiently identifies the CPVSs as it correlates to many price determinants,e.g.,electricity and coal consumption and generation.The empirical results show that causalities among coal prices changed dramatically in 2016,2018,and 2020,affected by coal decapacity and carbon neutrality policies.Before 2018,coal-producing provinces with strong demand for coal and electricity,e.g.,Jiangxi,Chongqing,and Sichuan,were CPVSs;after 2019,those with comparative advantages in coal supply,e.g.,Gansu and Ningxia,were CPVSs.Overall,the coal market is unstable and sensitive to energy policy and external shocks.Policymakers and market participants are recommended to monitor and manage the CPVSs to improve energy security,avoid policy-induced instability and prevent risks caused by coal price fluctuations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12164034)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2023LHMS01002)the Science and Technology Project of Shenzhen(JCYJ20220531102603007)。
文摘The gallate salts are frequently employed as matrix for mechanoluminescence(ML)materials largely due to their plentiful defect energy levels and robust piezoelectric characteristics.Nevertheless,the ML performance of specific gallate materials is inferior to that of sulfides and fluorides and thus requires improvement.To address this issue,it is essential to engineer appropriate lattice defects in order to facilitate the advancement of new elastic ML materials.Therefore,in the present study,a series of Ca_(3)Ga_(4)O_(9):0.01 Bi^(3+),xTb^(3+)(x=0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05 and 0.06)was synthesized using the traditional high-temperature solid-state method.Furthermore,a non-intrinsic defect control strategy utilising Bi^(3+)ions is presented,which serves to enhance the performance of calcium gallate.The ML intensity is enhanced by 112%in comparison to the undoped samples(concentration of Tb^(3+)is 0.04),resulting in an improved linearity between mechanical loading and ML intensity,along with the achievement of dualmode photoluminescence(PL).By analysing the crystal structure,PL,ML,and thermoluminescence(TL)properties of Ca_(3)Ga_(4)O_(9):Bi^(3+),Tb^(3+)(CGO:Bi^(3+),Tb^(3+)),coupled with the first principles calculations using density functional theory(DFT),the ML mechanism of CGO:Bi^(3+),Tb^(3+)was elucidated.This leads to the development of a versatile anti-counterfeiting device with both flexible and rigid multi-mode capabilities.
基金supported by the New Energy Vehicle Power Battery Life Cycle Testing and Verification Public Service Platform Project(No.2022-235-224).
文摘High-nickel ternary silicon-carbon lithium-ion batteries,which use silicon-carbon materials as anodes and high-nickel ternary materials as cathodes,have already been commercialized as power batteries.The increasing demand for high-energy density and rapid charging characteristics has heightened the urgency of improving their fast charging cycle performance while establishing degradation mechanisms.Based on a pouch battery design with an energy density of 285 Wh·kg^(-1),this work studied 3 Ah pouch batteries for fast charging cycles ranging from 0.5C to 3C.Non-destructive techniques,such as differential voltage,incremental capacity analysis,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,were employed to investigate the effects of charging rates on battery cycling performance and to establish the degradation mechanisms.The experimental results indicated that capacity diving was observed at all charging rates.However,at lower rates(0.5C-2C),more cycles were achieved,while at higher rates(2C-3C),the cycle life remained relatively stable.Computed tomography,electrochemical performance analysis,and physicochemical characterizations were obtained,using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.The mechanisms of capacity decrease during 3C fast charging cycles were investigated.It is proposed that the primary causes of capacity diving during 3C fast charging are the degradation of SiOx,anode polarization,and the simultaneous dissolution of metal ions in the cathode which were deposited at the anode,resulting the continuous growth and remodeling of the SEI membrane at the anode,thereby promoting more serious side reactions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62162007)the Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science)(No.QianKeHeJiChu-ZK[2024]YiBan079).
文摘Semantic segmentation has made significant breakthroughs in various application fields,but achieving both accurate and efficient segmentation with limited computational resources remains a major challenge.To this end,we propose CGMISeg,an efficient semantic segmentation architecture based on a context-guided multi-scale interaction strategy,aiming to significantly reduce computational overhead while maintaining segmentation accuracy.CGMISeg consists of three core components:context-aware attention modulation,feature reconstruction,and crossinformation fusion.Context-aware attention modulation is carefully designed to capture key contextual information through channel and spatial attention mechanisms.The feature reconstruction module reconstructs contextual information from different scales,modeling key rectangular areas by capturing critical contextual information in both horizontal and vertical directions,thereby enhancing the focus on foreground features.The cross-information fusion module aims to fuse the reconstructed high-level features with the original low-level features during upsampling,promoting multi-scale interaction and enhancing the model’s ability to handle objects at different scales.We extensively evaluated CGMISeg on ADE20K,Cityscapes,and COCO-Stuff,three widely used datasets benchmarks,and the experimental results show that CGMISeg exhibits significant advantages in segmentation performance,computational efficiency,and inference speed,clearly outperforming several mainstream methods,including SegFormer,Feedformer,and SegNext.Specifically,CGMISeg achieves 42.9%mIoU(Mean Intersection over Union)and 15.7 FPS(Frames Per Second)on the ADE20K dataset with 3.8 GFLOPs(Giga Floating-point Operations Per Second),outperforming Feedformer and SegNeXt by 3.7%and 1.8%in mIoU,respectively,while also offering reduced computational complexity and faster inference.CGMISeg strikes an excellent balance between accuracy and efficiency,significantly enhancing both computational and inference performance while maintaining high precision,showcasing exceptional practical value and strong potential for widespread applications.
基金supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(No.2011CB013101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10872003,10932001,11172001)+2 种基金the National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China(No.2007B2)the National Basic Research Program (973) of China(No.2008CB418203)the National Science and Technology Specific Project of China(No.20080ZX07422)
文摘Sediments are ultimate sinks of nutrients in lakes that record the pollution history evolutionary processes, and anthropogenic activities of a lake. However, sediments are considered as inner sources of environmental factor changes such as the variation in hydrodynamic conditions because of the nutrients they release. How does this process happen？ This study investigates a typical nutrient phosphorus （P） exchange among sediment, suspended particle matter （SPM）, and water. Compared with numerical and experimental studies, this study confirms that the critical velocity that occurs at a lower flow rate state exists in the range of 7 to 15 crn/sec. Critical velocity below the critical flow rate promotes the migration of particulate phosphorus （PP） to the SPM. On the other hand, critical velocity above the critical flow rate promotes the release of PP in water.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program(973) of China(No.2008CB418203)
文摘Phosphorous （P） fraction characteristics in sediment resuspension were investigated under adequately hydrodynamic conditions. Four forms of P in overlying water, including dissolved inorganic P, dissolved total P, total P, and particulate P, and six fractions of P in suspended particulate matter （SPM）, including loosely sorbed P （NH4Cl-P）, redox-sensitive P （BD-P）, aluminum-bound P （Al- P）, organic P （NaOH-nrP）, calcium-bound P （Ca-P） and residual P （Res-P）, were quantified, respectively. Different hydrodynamic conditions resulted in different P form changes. Four states could be ascribed： （1） P desorption by sediment and SPM, and P adsorption by overlying water; （2） P desorption by SPM, and P adsorption by overlying water; （3） P adsorption by SPM, and P desorption by overlying water; and （4） P equilibrium between SPM and overlying water. The contents of P in overlying water acquired peak values in the middle position of the vertical P distribution due to the combined actions of SPM and sediment. P fractions in SPM were in the following order： BD-P 〉 NaOH-nrp 〉 Ca-P 〉 Al-P 〉 Res-P 〉 NH4Cl-P. BD-P in SPM frequently exchanged with P forms in overlying water. Resuspension was favorable to forming Ca-P in SPM.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China:81173206
文摘Background:Observing interstitial fluid(ISF)is very difficult because interstitial structure collapses and ISF disappears after tissue fixation.Additionally,ISF is colorless,and interstitial flow is weak in vivo.In order to view the interstitial flow,special dye and animal model was chosen to explore the movement characteristic of interstitial flow and related structure.Methods:The Gephyrocharax Melanocheir(GM)fish,a special animal with translucent body,were placed into 0.03 g/L tricain solution for anesthesia.20-25μL Alcian blue(AB)solution which can stain acid mucopolysaccharide immobilized by the collagen net in connective tissue was injected into each fish at a single point with a rate of 2 μL/min via a micro-injection pump.The process of infusion and the movement of the AB in fish were record by a digital camera.The(fresh)frozen sections of AB tracks tissue were performed to observe the morphological feature.Results:Several blue tracks were observed which were formed by longitudinal directional movements of AB solution.For back lateral track,the velocity and length of the movements were significantly fast and longer on the direction toward head than that toward tail(P<0.01).For lateral middle track,the result was opposite,namely toward tail(P<0.01).This phenomenon indicated an inherent ISF flow according to Darcy's law.Morphological study showed these tracks were just in septa composed by connective tissue.The stained blue septa formed various shapes as interstitial space for ISF flow and connected with one another like a net.The finding can help us to understand the essence of meridian in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Conclusions:The dynamic asymmetry of the AB tracks revealed interstitial flow in the GM fish body.It implied an inherent interstitial flow along particular pathway formed by septa which may be a key to understand the nature and value of meridians and collaterals in health care.
