Dear Editor,The importance of the medial entorhinal cortex(MEC)for memory and spatial navigation has been shown repeatedly in many species,including mice and humans[1,2].It is,therefore,not surprising that the connect...Dear Editor,The importance of the medial entorhinal cortex(MEC)for memory and spatial navigation has been shown repeatedly in many species,including mice and humans[1,2].It is,therefore,not surprising that the connectivity of this structure has been studied extensively over the past century,mainly using a range of anterograde and retrograde anatomical tracers[3].展开更多
Chlorogenic acid(CGA),a potent antioxidant with antimicrobial,antiviral,and metabolic regulatory properties,plays multifunctional roles in apple fruit by enhancing postharvest quality,extending shelf life through oxid...Chlorogenic acid(CGA),a potent antioxidant with antimicrobial,antiviral,and metabolic regulatory properties,plays multifunctional roles in apple fruit by enhancing postharvest quality,extending shelf life through oxidative stress reduction,and inhibiting enzymatic browning to preserve color,flavor,and nutritional integrity.Despite the established role of hydroxycinnamoyl transferase(HCT)as a rate-limiting enzyme in CGA biosynthesis,the specific HCT gene responsible for this process and its regulatory mechanisms remain elusive.To address this knowledge gap,we systematically investigated CGA accumulation dynamics during apple storage and functionally characterized MdHCT6,a candidate gene within the HCT family.We found that the chlorogenic acid content in apple fruit increased significantly during postharvest storage compared with the initial storage.Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression level of MdHCT6 was significantly higher than that of other HCT homologues,which was consistent with the reverse transcription quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)results.In vitro enzymatic assays demonstrated that MdHCT6 catalyzes the synthesis of chlorogenic acid using shikimic acid and quinic acid as precursors,while genetic evidence confirmed its role as a key positive regulator of chlorogenic acid accumulation in apples.Furthermore,we identified the transcription factor MdMYB93 as a direct upstream activator of MdHCT6,establishing a regulatory cascade that governs CGA production.This work not only deciphers the molecular hierarchy of CGA biosynthesis in apples but also provides actionable targets for genetic improvement of antioxidant capacity and postharvest resilience in apple germplasm.展开更多
Achieving the reuse of traditional egg by-products,salted duck egg whites(SEW),is an urgent problem to be solved.In this current work,we constructed a heat-induced gel-assisted desalination method for SEW.Subsequently...Achieving the reuse of traditional egg by-products,salted duck egg whites(SEW),is an urgent problem to be solved.In this current work,we constructed a heat-induced gel-assisted desalination method for SEW.Subsequently,a top-down way was utilized to prepare desalted duck egg protein nanogels(DEPN)with uniformly distributed diameters and their application in the oil/water(O/W)interface system was explored.The results revealed that the increase of DEPN concentration could lower the droplet size,however,the size was negatively correlated with the oil phase fraction.Moreover,the effect of pH,ionic strength,and temperature on the emulsion stability demonstrated that the DEPN-stabilized emulsion displayed superior physical stability under different conditions.The addition of NaCl resulted in the significant decrease in droplet size of the emulsion,while further increasing the NaCl concentration,the droplet size did not decrease accordingly.Besides,heat-treatment and cold-treatment had little negative effect on the stability of the emulsion.Even if the droplet size of the emulsion increased at 80℃for 3 h,the morphology of the emulsion remained unchanged.Our study demonstrated DEPN had great potential as a stabilizer for food-grade Pickering emulsions.展开更多
Chemical resistant textiles are vital for safeguarding humans against chemical hazards in various settings.such as industrialproduction,chemicalaccidents,laboratory activities,and road transportation.However,the ideal...Chemical resistant textiles are vital for safeguarding humans against chemical hazards in various settings.such as industrialproduction,chemicalaccidents,laboratory activities,and road transportation.However,the ideal integration of chemical resistance,thermal and moisture management,and wearer condition monitoring in conventional chemically protective textiles remains challenging.Herein,the design,manufacturing,and use of stretchable hierarchical core-shell yarns(HCSYs)for integrated chemical resistance,moisture regulation,and smart sensing textiles are demonstrated.These yarns con-tain helically elastic spandex,wrapped silver-plated nylon,and surface-structuredpolytetrafluo-roethylene(PTFE)yarns and are designed and manufactured based on a scalable fabrication process.In addition to their ideal chemical resistance performance,HCSYs can function as multifunctional stretch-able electronics for real-time human motion monitoring and as the basic element of intelligent textiles.Furthermore,a desirable dynamic thermoregulation function is achieved by exploiting the fabric structure with stretching modulation.Our HCSYs may provide prospective opportunities for the future development of smart protective textiles with high durability,flexibility,and scalability.展开更多
Secure control against cyber attacks becomes increasingly significant in cyber-physical systems(CPSs).False data injection attacks are a class of cyber attacks that aim to compromise CPS functions by injecting false d...Secure control against cyber attacks becomes increasingly significant in cyber-physical systems(CPSs).False data injection attacks are a class of cyber attacks that aim to compromise CPS functions by injecting false data such as sensor measurements and control signals.For quantified false data injection attacks,this paper establishes an effective defense framework from the energy conversion perspective.Then,we design an energy controller to dynamically adjust the system energy changes caused by unknown attacks.The designed energy controller stabilizes the attacked CPSs and ensures the dynamic performance of the system by adjusting the amount of damping injection.Moreover,with the disturbance attenuation technique,the burden of control system design is simplified because there is no need to design an attack observer.In addition,this secure control method is simple to implement because it avoids complicated mathematical operations.The effectiveness of our control method is demonstrated through an industrial CPS that controls a permanent magnet synchronous motor.展开更多
An environmentally benign processing approach for furfural production from xylose and xylan under very mild conditions（353–373 K） was developed with the addition of metal chlorides in ChCl–oxalic acid（a deep eute...An environmentally benign processing approach for furfural production from xylose and xylan under very mild conditions（353–373 K） was developed with the addition of metal chlorides in ChCl–oxalic acid（a deep eutectic solvent（DES）） synthesized from cheap and renewable starting materials）. ChCl–oxalic acid acted as both a Br？nsted acid catalyst and a reaction medium in this catalytic route. In addition, a biphasic system with methyl isobutyl ketone as an extracting reagent（DES/MIBK） to further increase furfural yield was also proposed. This processing approach for producing furfural eliminated the large energy consumption for high pressure saturated steam and the generation of acidic effluent, which was very difficult to handle. The whole catalytic system was more environmentally friendly compared with the commercial process for furfural production.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Pulmonary fibrosis(PF)is one of the main causes of death in patients with paraquat(PQ)poisoning.This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between mitochondrial fi ssion and oxidative stress in PQ-induce...BACKGROUND:Pulmonary fibrosis(PF)is one of the main causes of death in patients with paraquat(PQ)poisoning.This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between mitochondrial fi ssion and oxidative stress in PQ-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and PF.METHODS:C57BL/6 mice and MLE-12 cells were exposed to PQ to construct a PF model in vivo and in vitro.Histological changes in the lungs were examined by hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining.Mitochondrial morphology was detected by MitoTracker®Deep Red FM or transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to determine the expression of protein.The migration ability of the cells was detected by the cell scratch test.Mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)levels were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was applied to detect cytokine levels.Superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and the levels of glutathione(GSH)and malondialdehyde(MDA)were detected by chemichromatometry.RESULTS:PQ exposure caused EMT and PF in vivo and in vitro.PQ destroyed mitochondrial structure and enhanced the expression of dynamin-related protein 1(Drp1),which were accompanied by oxidative stress.Inhibiting mitochondrial fission using mitochondrial division inhibitor-1(Mdivi-1),a selective inhibitor of Drp1,attenuated PQ-induced EMT and oxidative damage.Treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC),an antioxidant,reduced Drp1 expression,attenuated mitochondrial structure damage and inhibited PQ-induced EMT and PF.Both Mdivi-1 and NAC treatment markedly suppressed mtDNA release,the expression of Toll-like receptor 9(TLR9)and phosphorylation(P)-NF-κB p65 as well as cytokines(interleukin 6[IL-6],interleukin-1β[IL-1β],and tumor necrosis factor-α[TNF-α])production.CONCLUSION:Mutual promotion of mitochondrial fission and oxidative stress contributes to EMT in PQ-induced PF,which is associated with the mtDNA/TLR9/NF-κB pathway.展开更多
Human cytomegalovirus virions contain three major glycoprotein complexes (gC I, II, III), all of which are required for CMV infectivity. These complexes also represent major antigenic targets for anti-viral immune res...Human cytomegalovirus virions contain three major glycoprotein complexes (gC I, II, III), all of which are required for CMV infectivity. These complexes also represent major antigenic targets for anti-viral immune responses. The gC II complex consists of two glycoproteins, gM and gN. In the current study, DNA vaccines expressing the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) homologs of the gM and gN proteins were evaluated for protection against lethal MCMV infection in a mouse model. Humoral and cellular immune responses, spleen viral titers, and mice survival and body-weight changes were examined. The results showed that immunization with gM or gN DNA vaccine alone was not able to offer good protection, whereas co-immunization with both gM and gN induced an effective neutralizing antibody response and cellular immune response, and provided mice with complete protection against a lethal MCMV challenge. This study provides the first in vivo evidence that the gC II (gM-gN) complex may be able to serve as a protective subunit antigen for future HCMV vaccine development.展开更多
Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)technology is a high-precision metal additive manufacturing(AM)technology.Due to the high specific strength of high strength aluminum alloys,high strength aluminum alloys fabricated by LPB...Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)technology is a high-precision metal additive manufacturing(AM)technology.Due to the high specific strength of high strength aluminum alloys,high strength aluminum alloys fabricated by LPBF have broad application prospects in the field of light weighting.However,high strength aluminum alloys have high hot cracking susceptibility.In this study,an analysis of the hot cracking susceptibility as a function of processing parameters is presented for single tracks of LPBF processed(LPBFed)high strength Al–Cu–Mg–Mn alloy.The hot cracking in single tracks of LPBFed Al–Cu–Mg–Mn alloy is solidification cracking based on the experimental observations of microstructure.Combining Rosenthal simulations and spreading behavior of a single droplet,the critical scanning speed of single track with balling phenomenon was obtained.It was found that when the laser power was 200 W,the scanning speed exceeded 440.1 mm/s,the droplet will not be able to spread completely,which is consistent with the experimental result of 500 mm/s.Through the calculation and analysis of the microstructure and the existence time of the molten pool,it was pointed out that the reduction in the liquid phase caused by the high scanning speed,the shortening of the solidification time and the high stress caused by the high-temperature gradient promoted the generation of hot cracking.In summary,this work contains a practical guide to optimize processing parameters of LPBFed Al–Cu–Mg–Mn alloys,which provides a basis for fabricating thin walls and cubic samples without hot cracking.展开更多
Monel K-500 is a Ni–Cu alloy widely used in the marine and offshore industry due to their superior resistance to corrosion in seawater and hence easily degraded.To address this problem,laser-based directed energy dep...Monel K-500 is a Ni–Cu alloy widely used in the marine and offshore industry due to their superior resistance to corrosion in seawater and hence easily degraded.To address this problem,laser-based directed energy deposition(LDED)is used to repair or refabricate these high-value worn parts.To optimize the mechanical properties of repaired parts,the commonly applied solution and aging is not ideal because it also changes the properties of the base materials.Consequently,in situ control of the grain structures during the LDED process becomes an effective approach for high-performance repair.In this study,we fabricated a duplex grain structure with small grain size and low texture intensity using low laser power and scanning velocity.The duplex microstructure consists of short columnar grains and zigzag-distributed fine equiaxed grains.The formation of this grain structure is dependent on both the solidification and recrystallization mechanisms.The strength of this grain structure is improved to 523.5 MPa without the sacrifice of ductility,which is instead 20%higher than that of the counterpart consisting of typical columnar grains due to the grain refinement and crack toughening.The mechanical properties of the alloy with the duplex grain structure are even comparable to heat-treated Monel K-500 fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing.This work provides valuable insights into the in situ optimization of the microstructure and mechanical properties of LDED-fabricated parts.展开更多
Ion temperature, as one of the most critical plasma parameters, can be diagnosed by charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS). Iterative least-squares fitting is conventionally used to analyze CXRS spectra to ...Ion temperature, as one of the most critical plasma parameters, can be diagnosed by charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS). Iterative least-squares fitting is conventionally used to analyze CXRS spectra to identify the active charge exchange component, which is the result of local interaction between impurity ions with a neutral beam. Due to the limit of the time consumption of the conventional approach (~100 ms per frame), the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak CXRS data is now analyzed in-between shots. To explore the feasibility of real-time measurement, neural networks are introduced to perform fast estimation of ion temperature. Based on the same four-layer neural network architecture, two neural networks are trained for two central chords according to the ion temperature data acquired from the conventional method. Using the TensorFlow framework, the training procedures are performed by an error back-propagation algorithm with the regularization via the weight decay method. Good agreement in the deduced ion temperature is shown for the neural networks and the conventional approach, while the data processing time is reduced by 3 orders of magnitude (~0.1 ms per frame) by using the neural networks.展开更多
Objective:As a popular complementary therapy,the safety of acupuncture must be considered.Acupuncture case reports of adverse events(ACR-AEs)significantly contribute to the assessment of acupuncture safety.However,the...Objective:As a popular complementary therapy,the safety of acupuncture must be considered.Acupuncture case reports of adverse events(ACR-AEs)significantly contribute to the assessment of acupuncture safety.However,the reporting quality of ACR-AEs remains unclear.We aimed to promote the application of the CARE(case report)guidelines and improve the reporting quality of ACR-AEs.Methods:We systematically searched for ACR-AE from six databases:Medline,Embase,Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Data,and VIP,and collected published ACR-AEs from January 1,2016,to December 31,2020.We included only case reports of adverse events related to acupuncture therapy.The retrieved case reports were screened and filtered by two reviewers independently.Then,basic information extraction and CARE evaluation of the included ACR-AEs wereperformed.Results:A total of 56 ACR-AE were included,15 of which were from China.The top two major diseases were nervous system diseases(28.6%)and infections(21.4%).For all ACR-AEs,seven of 30 CARE subordinate items were reported in 30%or less,seven items were reported in 30-60%,and only five items got reporting proportion over 90%.In Chinese ACR-AE,only three items,"the main concerns and symptoms of the patient(5b)","types of intervention(9a)"and"adverse and unanticipated events(1od)"were sufficiently reported.In English ACR-AE,item"the main concerns and symptoms of the patient(5b)"and item"the primary takeaway lessons(11d)"were also generally reported.Conclusion:Overall,the reporting quality of ACR-AE was unsatisfactory,and we believe that a special reporting guideline for clinical cases targeted at acupuncture should be extended in future studies.展开更多
Privacy protection is a hot research topic in information security field.An improved XGBoost algorithm is proposed to protect the privacy in classification tasks.By combining with differential privacy protection,the X...Privacy protection is a hot research topic in information security field.An improved XGBoost algorithm is proposed to protect the privacy in classification tasks.By combining with differential privacy protection,the XGBoost can improve the classification accuracy while protecting privacy information.When using CART regression tree to build a single decision tree,noise is added according to Laplace mechanism.Compared with random forest algorithm,this algorithm can reduce computation cost and prevent overfitting to a certain extent.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is more effective than other traditional algorithms while protecting the privacy information in training data.展开更多
Dong is one of Chinese minorities. Dong ancestors can be traced back to the Baiyue, dry Vietnam of Qin and Han Dynasties with a long history, unique customs and culture. Whether architecture, handicrafts, or folk arts...Dong is one of Chinese minorities. Dong ancestors can be traced back to the Baiyue, dry Vietnam of Qin and Han Dynasties with a long history, unique customs and culture. Whether architecture, handicrafts, or folk arts community, they all have been highly recognized by experts and scholars. But in recent years with China＇ s rapid economic development, the quality of people＇ s lives have constantly improved, the use of new materials was widespread, as well as foreign cultures and various trends continued to penetrate in the Dong region, Dong architectural heritage is facing unprecedented impact, while Dong also exposed some of the drawbacks of traditional residential architecture. So far there have been intensified phenomena of abandoning traditional residential construction, demolition, reconstruction, and many buildings destroying cultural heritage. It is a major issue existing in the development of the Dong residential transformation to strike a balance between retaining the traditional architectural features of houses and improving the Dong people ＇ living conditions. Ideas for Dong village houses architectural conservation should not just blindly maintain the status quo, but rather find a positive solution to meet the appearing new demands from social development and improvement of the living environment of people, only meet the housing needs of this new issue is the key of resolution, is development direction of the scientific and sustainable conservation of national construction.展开更多
Apples,as respiratory climacteric fruit,undergo postharvest ripening and senescence,impacting commodity value.Cuticular wax protects against environmental stresses.Here,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)analy...Apples,as respiratory climacteric fruit,undergo postharvest ripening and senescence,impacting commodity value.Cuticular wax protects against environmental stresses.Here,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)analysis revealed a decline in fatty alcohol levels in apple wax during storage,correlating with fruit quality deterioration.Notably,octacosanol content signifcantly decreased with storage,suggesting that it is a primary cause of wax and fruit quality decline.Octacosanol treatment improved fruit quality and delayed softening by enhancing wax synthesis and antioxidant levels and suppressing cell wall-degrading enzymes.Transcriptome sequencing and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)assays indicated increased expression of wax,peroxidase,sucrose,and starch genes and decreased expression of cell wall degradation genes,explaining octacosanol’s benefts.This study provides a theoretical basis for octacosanol application in fruit preservation.展开更多
Cloud water plays an important role in the global atmospheric water cycle and weather modification,but cloud is one of the most uncertain parameters in the study of weather and climate.The cloud water products from di...Cloud water plays an important role in the global atmospheric water cycle and weather modification,but cloud is one of the most uncertain parameters in the study of weather and climate.The cloud water products from different data sources may have considerable discrepancies.In this study,the total cloud liquid water(termed as cloud liquid water path,LWP)obtained from satellite observations[Advanced Himawari Imager(AHI)and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer(AMSR)]and three sets of modern reanalysis data(ERA5,JRA-55,and MERRA-2)are compared and analyzed.Moreover,characteristics of vertical distributions of cloud liquid water content(LWC)in different regions over East Asia are analyzed by using the profile data from the reanalyses.The main findings are as follows:(1)in extensive warm marine clouds,AHI and AMSR have a good agreement(with the correlation coefficient larger than 0.7)but with an overestimation from AHI;(2)under warm cloud conditions,the LWP in ERA5shows a significant positive bias(about 0.065 kg m^(-2))over land,while MERRA-2 is closer to the satellite product compared with ERA5 and JRA-55;and(3)Southwest China(SW)is the area with most abundant LWC.The LWC is mainly concentrated in the middle and lower troposphere in the study area,and the LWC in ERA5 is higher than that in MERRA-2 and JRA-55.Overall,satellite observations and reanalyses exhibit significant inconsistency for cloud LWP,which needs further investigation and understanding.展开更多
文摘Dear Editor,The importance of the medial entorhinal cortex(MEC)for memory and spatial navigation has been shown repeatedly in many species,including mice and humans[1,2].It is,therefore,not surprising that the connectivity of this structure has been studied extensively over the past century,mainly using a range of anterograde and retrograde anatomical tracers[3].
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2023YFD2301000,2022YFD2100102)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32302616)+1 种基金Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2023QC032)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(Grant No.2023CXGC010709).
文摘Chlorogenic acid(CGA),a potent antioxidant with antimicrobial,antiviral,and metabolic regulatory properties,plays multifunctional roles in apple fruit by enhancing postharvest quality,extending shelf life through oxidative stress reduction,and inhibiting enzymatic browning to preserve color,flavor,and nutritional integrity.Despite the established role of hydroxycinnamoyl transferase(HCT)as a rate-limiting enzyme in CGA biosynthesis,the specific HCT gene responsible for this process and its regulatory mechanisms remain elusive.To address this knowledge gap,we systematically investigated CGA accumulation dynamics during apple storage and functionally characterized MdHCT6,a candidate gene within the HCT family.We found that the chlorogenic acid content in apple fruit increased significantly during postharvest storage compared with the initial storage.Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression level of MdHCT6 was significantly higher than that of other HCT homologues,which was consistent with the reverse transcription quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)results.In vitro enzymatic assays demonstrated that MdHCT6 catalyzes the synthesis of chlorogenic acid using shikimic acid and quinic acid as precursors,while genetic evidence confirmed its role as a key positive regulator of chlorogenic acid accumulation in apples.Furthermore,we identified the transcription factor MdMYB93 as a direct upstream activator of MdHCT6,establishing a regulatory cascade that governs CGA production.This work not only deciphers the molecular hierarchy of CGA biosynthesis in apples but also provides actionable targets for genetic improvement of antioxidant capacity and postharvest resilience in apple germplasm.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32172354)the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Oilseeds processing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(202003)the Doctoral Research Startup Fund of Hubei University of Technology(BSQD2017027)。
文摘Achieving the reuse of traditional egg by-products,salted duck egg whites(SEW),is an urgent problem to be solved.In this current work,we constructed a heat-induced gel-assisted desalination method for SEW.Subsequently,a top-down way was utilized to prepare desalted duck egg protein nanogels(DEPN)with uniformly distributed diameters and their application in the oil/water(O/W)interface system was explored.The results revealed that the increase of DEPN concentration could lower the droplet size,however,the size was negatively correlated with the oil phase fraction.Moreover,the effect of pH,ionic strength,and temperature on the emulsion stability demonstrated that the DEPN-stabilized emulsion displayed superior physical stability under different conditions.The addition of NaCl resulted in the significant decrease in droplet size of the emulsion,while further increasing the NaCl concentration,the droplet size did not decrease accordingly.Besides,heat-treatment and cold-treatment had little negative effect on the stability of the emulsion.Even if the droplet size of the emulsion increased at 80℃for 3 h,the morphology of the emulsion remained unchanged.Our study demonstrated DEPN had great potential as a stabilizer for food-grade Pickering emulsions.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3805800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52173059 and U21A2095)+2 种基金the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX223203)the Major Basic Research Project of the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(21KJA540002)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(2021BAA068).
文摘Chemical resistant textiles are vital for safeguarding humans against chemical hazards in various settings.such as industrialproduction,chemicalaccidents,laboratory activities,and road transportation.However,the ideal integration of chemical resistance,thermal and moisture management,and wearer condition monitoring in conventional chemically protective textiles remains challenging.Herein,the design,manufacturing,and use of stretchable hierarchical core-shell yarns(HCSYs)for integrated chemical resistance,moisture regulation,and smart sensing textiles are demonstrated.These yarns con-tain helically elastic spandex,wrapped silver-plated nylon,and surface-structuredpolytetrafluo-roethylene(PTFE)yarns and are designed and manufactured based on a scalable fabrication process.In addition to their ideal chemical resistance performance,HCSYs can function as multifunctional stretch-able electronics for real-time human motion monitoring and as the basic element of intelligent textiles.Furthermore,a desirable dynamic thermoregulation function is achieved by exploiting the fabric structure with stretching modulation.Our HCSYs may provide prospective opportunities for the future development of smart protective textiles with high durability,flexibility,and scalability.
基金supported in part by the National Science Foundation of China(61873103,61433006)。
文摘Secure control against cyber attacks becomes increasingly significant in cyber-physical systems(CPSs).False data injection attacks are a class of cyber attacks that aim to compromise CPS functions by injecting false data such as sensor measurements and control signals.For quantified false data injection attacks,this paper establishes an effective defense framework from the energy conversion perspective.Then,we design an energy controller to dynamically adjust the system energy changes caused by unknown attacks.The designed energy controller stabilizes the attacked CPSs and ensures the dynamic performance of the system by adjusting the amount of damping injection.Moreover,with the disturbance attenuation technique,the burden of control system design is simplified because there is no need to design an attack observer.In addition,this secure control method is simple to implement because it avoids complicated mathematical operations.The effectiveness of our control method is demonstrated through an industrial CPS that controls a permanent magnet synchronous motor.
基金the Major National Science & Technology Projects of China on Water Pollution Control and Treatment (No. 2012ZX07501002-001)for the financial support
文摘An environmentally benign processing approach for furfural production from xylose and xylan under very mild conditions（353–373 K） was developed with the addition of metal chlorides in ChCl–oxalic acid（a deep eutectic solvent（DES）） synthesized from cheap and renewable starting materials）. ChCl–oxalic acid acted as both a Br？nsted acid catalyst and a reaction medium in this catalytic route. In addition, a biphasic system with methyl isobutyl ketone as an extracting reagent（DES/MIBK） to further increase furfural yield was also proposed. This processing approach for producing furfural eliminated the large energy consumption for high pressure saturated steam and the generation of acidic effluent, which was very difficult to handle. The whole catalytic system was more environmentally friendly compared with the commercial process for furfural production.
基金supported by the Wenzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(Y2020092)partly by the Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province in the 13th Five-Year Plan period(Emergency Department).
文摘BACKGROUND:Pulmonary fibrosis(PF)is one of the main causes of death in patients with paraquat(PQ)poisoning.This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between mitochondrial fi ssion and oxidative stress in PQ-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and PF.METHODS:C57BL/6 mice and MLE-12 cells were exposed to PQ to construct a PF model in vivo and in vitro.Histological changes in the lungs were examined by hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining.Mitochondrial morphology was detected by MitoTracker®Deep Red FM or transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to determine the expression of protein.The migration ability of the cells was detected by the cell scratch test.Mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)levels were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was applied to detect cytokine levels.Superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and the levels of glutathione(GSH)and malondialdehyde(MDA)were detected by chemichromatometry.RESULTS:PQ exposure caused EMT and PF in vivo and in vitro.PQ destroyed mitochondrial structure and enhanced the expression of dynamin-related protein 1(Drp1),which were accompanied by oxidative stress.Inhibiting mitochondrial fission using mitochondrial division inhibitor-1(Mdivi-1),a selective inhibitor of Drp1,attenuated PQ-induced EMT and oxidative damage.Treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC),an antioxidant,reduced Drp1 expression,attenuated mitochondrial structure damage and inhibited PQ-induced EMT and PF.Both Mdivi-1 and NAC treatment markedly suppressed mtDNA release,the expression of Toll-like receptor 9(TLR9)and phosphorylation(P)-NF-κB p65 as well as cytokines(interleukin 6[IL-6],interleukin-1β[IL-1β],and tumor necrosis factor-α[TNF-α])production.CONCLUSION:Mutual promotion of mitochondrial fission and oxidative stress contributes to EMT in PQ-induced PF,which is associated with the mtDNA/TLR9/NF-κB pathway.
基金supported by the Innovation Platform Open Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (11K010)a research fund from Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Development (2008TP4033-2)
文摘Human cytomegalovirus virions contain three major glycoprotein complexes (gC I, II, III), all of which are required for CMV infectivity. These complexes also represent major antigenic targets for anti-viral immune responses. The gC II complex consists of two glycoproteins, gM and gN. In the current study, DNA vaccines expressing the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) homologs of the gM and gN proteins were evaluated for protection against lethal MCMV infection in a mouse model. Humoral and cellular immune responses, spleen viral titers, and mice survival and body-weight changes were examined. The results showed that immunization with gM or gN DNA vaccine alone was not able to offer good protection, whereas co-immunization with both gM and gN induced an effective neutralizing antibody response and cellular immune response, and provided mice with complete protection against a lethal MCMV challenge. This study provides the first in vivo evidence that the gC II (gM-gN) complex may be able to serve as a protective subunit antigen for future HCMV vaccine development.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61575074,51805184 and 61475056)the Self-Research and Development Plan of Naval University of Engineering(Nos.2022505010 and 2022501140)the Plan for Strengthening Basic Disciplines of College of Ship and Ocean.The authors thank the Analytical and Testing Center of HUST for EBSD measurement.
文摘Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)technology is a high-precision metal additive manufacturing(AM)technology.Due to the high specific strength of high strength aluminum alloys,high strength aluminum alloys fabricated by LPBF have broad application prospects in the field of light weighting.However,high strength aluminum alloys have high hot cracking susceptibility.In this study,an analysis of the hot cracking susceptibility as a function of processing parameters is presented for single tracks of LPBF processed(LPBFed)high strength Al–Cu–Mg–Mn alloy.The hot cracking in single tracks of LPBFed Al–Cu–Mg–Mn alloy is solidification cracking based on the experimental observations of microstructure.Combining Rosenthal simulations and spreading behavior of a single droplet,the critical scanning speed of single track with balling phenomenon was obtained.It was found that when the laser power was 200 W,the scanning speed exceeded 440.1 mm/s,the droplet will not be able to spread completely,which is consistent with the experimental result of 500 mm/s.Through the calculation and analysis of the microstructure and the existence time of the molten pool,it was pointed out that the reduction in the liquid phase caused by the high scanning speed,the shortening of the solidification time and the high stress caused by the high-temperature gradient promoted the generation of hot cracking.In summary,this work contains a practical guide to optimize processing parameters of LPBFed Al–Cu–Mg–Mn alloys,which provides a basis for fabricating thin walls and cubic samples without hot cracking.
基金supported by Economic Development Board,Singapore and DNV Singapore Pte.Ltd.through Industrial Postgraduate Programme with Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,and the National Research Foundation,Prime Minister's Office,Singapore under its Medium-Sized Centre funding scheme through the Marine and Offshore Program.
文摘Monel K-500 is a Ni–Cu alloy widely used in the marine and offshore industry due to their superior resistance to corrosion in seawater and hence easily degraded.To address this problem,laser-based directed energy deposition(LDED)is used to repair or refabricate these high-value worn parts.To optimize the mechanical properties of repaired parts,the commonly applied solution and aging is not ideal because it also changes the properties of the base materials.Consequently,in situ control of the grain structures during the LDED process becomes an effective approach for high-performance repair.In this study,we fabricated a duplex grain structure with small grain size and low texture intensity using low laser power and scanning velocity.The duplex microstructure consists of short columnar grains and zigzag-distributed fine equiaxed grains.The formation of this grain structure is dependent on both the solidification and recrystallization mechanisms.The strength of this grain structure is improved to 523.5 MPa without the sacrifice of ductility,which is instead 20%higher than that of the counterpart consisting of typical columnar grains due to the grain refinement and crack toughening.The mechanical properties of the alloy with the duplex grain structure are even comparable to heat-treated Monel K-500 fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing.This work provides valuable insights into the in situ optimization of the microstructure and mechanical properties of LDED-fabricated parts.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11535013)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2017YFA0402500,2018YFE0302100)the Users with Excellence Project of Hefei Science Center CAS(No.2018HSC-UE010)
文摘Ion temperature, as one of the most critical plasma parameters, can be diagnosed by charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS). Iterative least-squares fitting is conventionally used to analyze CXRS spectra to identify the active charge exchange component, which is the result of local interaction between impurity ions with a neutral beam. Due to the limit of the time consumption of the conventional approach (~100 ms per frame), the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak CXRS data is now analyzed in-between shots. To explore the feasibility of real-time measurement, neural networks are introduced to perform fast estimation of ion temperature. Based on the same four-layer neural network architecture, two neural networks are trained for two central chords according to the ion temperature data acquired from the conventional method. Using the TensorFlow framework, the training procedures are performed by an error back-propagation algorithm with the regularization via the weight decay method. Good agreement in the deduced ion temperature is shown for the neural networks and the conventional approach, while the data processing time is reduced by 3 orders of magnitude (~0.1 ms per frame) by using the neural networks.
基金Supported by Special Project of "Lingnan Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine" in 2019,Guangdong Provincial R&D Program:2020B1111100008Young Science and Technology Talents Fund of The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University:2022RC07
文摘Objective:As a popular complementary therapy,the safety of acupuncture must be considered.Acupuncture case reports of adverse events(ACR-AEs)significantly contribute to the assessment of acupuncture safety.However,the reporting quality of ACR-AEs remains unclear.We aimed to promote the application of the CARE(case report)guidelines and improve the reporting quality of ACR-AEs.Methods:We systematically searched for ACR-AE from six databases:Medline,Embase,Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Data,and VIP,and collected published ACR-AEs from January 1,2016,to December 31,2020.We included only case reports of adverse events related to acupuncture therapy.The retrieved case reports were screened and filtered by two reviewers independently.Then,basic information extraction and CARE evaluation of the included ACR-AEs wereperformed.Results:A total of 56 ACR-AE were included,15 of which were from China.The top two major diseases were nervous system diseases(28.6%)and infections(21.4%).For all ACR-AEs,seven of 30 CARE subordinate items were reported in 30%or less,seven items were reported in 30-60%,and only five items got reporting proportion over 90%.In Chinese ACR-AE,only three items,"the main concerns and symptoms of the patient(5b)","types of intervention(9a)"and"adverse and unanticipated events(1od)"were sufficiently reported.In English ACR-AE,item"the main concerns and symptoms of the patient(5b)"and item"the primary takeaway lessons(11d)"were also generally reported.Conclusion:Overall,the reporting quality of ACR-AE was unsatisfactory,and we believe that a special reporting guideline for clinical cases targeted at acupuncture should be extended in future studies.
基金This work is supported by the NSFC[Grant Nos.61772281,61703212,61602254]Jiangsu Province Natural Science Foundation[Grant No.BK2160968]the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Edu-cation Institutions(PAPD)and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET).
文摘Privacy protection is a hot research topic in information security field.An improved XGBoost algorithm is proposed to protect the privacy in classification tasks.By combining with differential privacy protection,the XGBoost can improve the classification accuracy while protecting privacy information.When using CART regression tree to build a single decision tree,noise is added according to Laplace mechanism.Compared with random forest algorithm,this algorithm can reduce computation cost and prevent overfitting to a certain extent.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is more effective than other traditional algorithms while protecting the privacy information in training data.
文摘Dong is one of Chinese minorities. Dong ancestors can be traced back to the Baiyue, dry Vietnam of Qin and Han Dynasties with a long history, unique customs and culture. Whether architecture, handicrafts, or folk arts community, they all have been highly recognized by experts and scholars. But in recent years with China＇ s rapid economic development, the quality of people＇ s lives have constantly improved, the use of new materials was widespread, as well as foreign cultures and various trends continued to penetrate in the Dong region, Dong architectural heritage is facing unprecedented impact, while Dong also exposed some of the drawbacks of traditional residential architecture. So far there have been intensified phenomena of abandoning traditional residential construction, demolition, reconstruction, and many buildings destroying cultural heritage. It is a major issue existing in the development of the Dong residential transformation to strike a balance between retaining the traditional architectural features of houses and improving the Dong people ＇ living conditions. Ideas for Dong village houses architectural conservation should not just blindly maintain the status quo, but rather find a positive solution to meet the appearing new demands from social development and improvement of the living environment of people, only meet the housing needs of this new issue is the key of resolution, is development direction of the scientific and sustainable conservation of national construction.
基金supported by the grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFD2301000 and 2022YFD2100102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32122080 and 32302616)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,China(No.2023CXGC010709)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(No.ZR2023QC032)the National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops,China(No.Horti-KF-2023-11).
文摘Apples,as respiratory climacteric fruit,undergo postharvest ripening and senescence,impacting commodity value.Cuticular wax protects against environmental stresses.Here,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)analysis revealed a decline in fatty alcohol levels in apple wax during storage,correlating with fruit quality deterioration.Notably,octacosanol content signifcantly decreased with storage,suggesting that it is a primary cause of wax and fruit quality decline.Octacosanol treatment improved fruit quality and delayed softening by enhancing wax synthesis and antioxidant levels and suppressing cell wall-degrading enzymes.Transcriptome sequencing and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)assays indicated increased expression of wax,peroxidase,sucrose,and starch genes and decreased expression of cell wall degradation genes,explaining octacosanol’s benefts.This study provides a theoretical basis for octacosanol application in fruit preservation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42205044)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFF1308202)+2 种基金Fengyun Application Pioneer Project(FY-APP-2022.0111)Project for the Capacity Construction of Weather Modification in Southwest China[SCIT-ZG(Z)-2024100001]Wuxi University Research Start-up Fund for Introduced Talents(2024r045)。
文摘Cloud water plays an important role in the global atmospheric water cycle and weather modification,but cloud is one of the most uncertain parameters in the study of weather and climate.The cloud water products from different data sources may have considerable discrepancies.In this study,the total cloud liquid water(termed as cloud liquid water path,LWP)obtained from satellite observations[Advanced Himawari Imager(AHI)and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer(AMSR)]and three sets of modern reanalysis data(ERA5,JRA-55,and MERRA-2)are compared and analyzed.Moreover,characteristics of vertical distributions of cloud liquid water content(LWC)in different regions over East Asia are analyzed by using the profile data from the reanalyses.The main findings are as follows:(1)in extensive warm marine clouds,AHI and AMSR have a good agreement(with the correlation coefficient larger than 0.7)but with an overestimation from AHI;(2)under warm cloud conditions,the LWP in ERA5shows a significant positive bias(about 0.065 kg m^(-2))over land,while MERRA-2 is closer to the satellite product compared with ERA5 and JRA-55;and(3)Southwest China(SW)is the area with most abundant LWC.The LWC is mainly concentrated in the middle and lower troposphere in the study area,and the LWC in ERA5 is higher than that in MERRA-2 and JRA-55.Overall,satellite observations and reanalyses exhibit significant inconsistency for cloud LWP,which needs further investigation and understanding.
