Objective: to explore the optimal initiating and withdrawing time of antiviral therapy for pregnant women in the immune-tolerant phase of chronic HBV infection. Methods: from January 2017 to December 2020, a total of ...Objective: to explore the optimal initiating and withdrawing time of antiviral therapy for pregnant women in the immune-tolerant phase of chronic HBV infection. Methods: from January 2017 to December 2020, a total of 104 pregnant women with immune tolerance to chronic HBV infection who were treated in the outpatient department of infectious diseases of Southwest Hospitalwere recruited. They recieved TDF/LdT at the 24th or 28th week of gestation, and withdrawed the treatment at delivery or one month after delivery. According to the beginning time of antiviral therapy, the subjects were divided into group A (24th week of gestation) and group B (28th week of gestation). The changes of HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV DNA and ALT levels in the two groups before delivery were compared, and further subgroup analysis was carried out according to different antiviral schemes. According to the withdraw time of antivirals, they were divided into group C (at delivery) and group D (one month after delivery). The changes of HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV DNA and ALT in the two groups at 0 day, 4 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks after the drug withdrawal were analysed to evaluate the optimal timing to discontinue antiviral therapy. All newborns were received the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine (10μg recombinant yeast vaccine) and HBIG(100 IU) within 1 hour of birth, followed by the second and third doses of vaccine at 1 and 6 months of age, respectively. Serum hepatitis B virus markers were detected when they were between 7 and 12 months. Results: HBV DNA can be effectively inhibited before delivery, no matter whether the pregnant women start antiviral therapy (LdT or TDF) at 24 or 28 weeks of gestation, and the blocking rate of mother-to-child transmission is 100%. For those who initialed treatment at 24 weeks of gestation, there was no significant difference of HBV DNA load between LdT and TDF at 36 weeks gestation (P 0.115). However, for those who initialed treatment at 28 weeks of gestation, the level of HBV DNA in TDF group was significantly lower than that in LdT group at 36 weeks gestation (P0.046). There were no significant differences of serum HBsAg, HBeAg and ALT levels between group C and group D at baseline, the time of withdrawal, and4th ,12th,24th week after withdrawal (P > 0.05), but the HBV DNA level in group C at the time of withdrawal and the 4th week after drug withdrawal were both significantly higher than that in the group D (P0.007 and P0.000, respectively). By 12 weeks after drug withdrawal, the HBV DNA load of all puerperae gradually increased to the pre-treatment level and 2 (1.9%) of them showed abnormal liver function. After re-administration of antiviral treatment, the HBV DNA was successfully inhibited and the liver function returned to normal at the 24th week.. Conclusion: For pregnant women at immune tolerance phase of HBV, antiviral therapy can effectively to prevent the mother-to-child transmission, regardless of the initial treatment time (24th or 28th week of gestation).Compared with LdT, TDF demonstrated a stronger efficacy in the suppression of HBV replication. Antiviral treatment to pregnant women at immune tolerance stage to reduce the mother-to-child transmission of HBV is effective and safe. The risk of disease relapse after antiviral treatment withdraw is low, and there is no difference of relapse risk between group C and group D.展开更多
While entering an information society, the humanity how to construct a circumpacific doctmlent information network has become an topic of conmmon interest to nations across the circumpacific. I think the following poi...While entering an information society, the humanity how to construct a circumpacific doctmlent information network has become an topic of conmmon interest to nations across the circumpacific. I think the following points are worth discussing:展开更多
The mid-Holocene in China is traditionally thought to be a warm and humid period with a strong summer monsoon, and is often termed the Holocene Climatic Optimum or Megathermal Period. Here we present lake geomorpholog...The mid-Holocene in China is traditionally thought to be a warm and humid period with a strong summer monsoon, and is often termed the Holocene Climatic Optimum or Megathermal Period. Here we present lake geomorphologic and lithological evidence from the Alashan Plateau, part of the Mongolian Plateau, that indicates strong lake desiccation during the mid-Holocene. High resolution pollen data from Zhuyeze Lake, at the present summer monsoon margin, is also presented. These data show that present lakes and wetlands in the Juyanze Lake basin west of the Badain Jaran desert, in the Zhuyeze Lake basin between the Badain Jaran and Tengger deserts, and in lakes in the eastern Tengger desert, dried or experienced low lake levels in the mid-Holocene around 5000—7000 cal yr BP. Pollen data further indicate that the vegetation cover declined in both the local areas and in the Qilian Mountains, suggesting the climate was drier than that associated with the present Asian summer monsoon. This mid-Holocene drought interval was present throughout a quite large region of the south Inner Mongolian Plateau. The period was also probably colder, at least in the high Asian plateaus and mountains.展开更多
The area along the eastern and southeastern margins of the Tengger Desert, NW China, which is sensitive to the summer monsoon variations, was selectedfor studying the environmental conditions surrounding the transitio...The area along the eastern and southeastern margins of the Tengger Desert, NW China, which is sensitive to the summer monsoon variations, was selectedfor studying the environmental conditions surrounding the transition between Paleolithic foragers and Neolithic farmer/pastoral- ists. Short cores were obtained from four lake basins in the southwestern Tengger using a hand-driven piston coring device. Proxies from these cores were supplemented by ra- diocarbon ages obtained from lake sediment cores, shoreline features and spring mound deposits. Together these records provide evidence of millennial-scale climate change events from the Pleistocene-Holocene transition to the present. Lake/wetland events, representing periods of more intensive summer monsoon, occur in the records at ～12.7-11.6, ～10.1, ～9.3, ～8.0, ～5.4, ～1.5, and ～0.8 ka BP. They do suggest that century- to millennial-scale climatic cycles are characteristic of the Holocene in the southeastern Tengger Desert although the chronology must be considered extremely tentative.展开更多
In order to assess the contribution of the pollen transported by wind and fluvial flows to the pollen spectra in Shiyang River drainage, a typical small endorheic drainage in arid lands of northwest China, preliminary...In order to assess the contribution of the pollen transported by wind and fluvial flows to the pollen spectra in Shiyang River drainage, a typical small endorheic drainage in arid lands of northwest China, preliminary studies on modern pollen rain along two transects with 91 surface soil samples, 8 atmospheric samples, 30 modern fluvial flow samples and 50 riverbed mud samples, were carried out. Results show that dispersal agents (air, flowing water) have dissimilar effects on transport of pollen and the structure of pollen spectra. Fluvial flow has a stronger capacity than wind to transport large quantities of pollen over long distances. Pollen transported by fluvial flow makes a large contribution to the pollen spectra of riverbed alluvial sediments. Paleoenvironmental reconstructions undertaken using pollen spectra from fluvial sediments in arid lands are strongly influenced by pollen transport. Therefore, the sources, the transportation agents and the depositional condition of pollen should be systematically investigated before pollen assemblages are used to derive the environmental significance in such settings.展开更多
文摘Objective: to explore the optimal initiating and withdrawing time of antiviral therapy for pregnant women in the immune-tolerant phase of chronic HBV infection. Methods: from January 2017 to December 2020, a total of 104 pregnant women with immune tolerance to chronic HBV infection who were treated in the outpatient department of infectious diseases of Southwest Hospitalwere recruited. They recieved TDF/LdT at the 24th or 28th week of gestation, and withdrawed the treatment at delivery or one month after delivery. According to the beginning time of antiviral therapy, the subjects were divided into group A (24th week of gestation) and group B (28th week of gestation). The changes of HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV DNA and ALT levels in the two groups before delivery were compared, and further subgroup analysis was carried out according to different antiviral schemes. According to the withdraw time of antivirals, they were divided into group C (at delivery) and group D (one month after delivery). The changes of HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV DNA and ALT in the two groups at 0 day, 4 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks after the drug withdrawal were analysed to evaluate the optimal timing to discontinue antiviral therapy. All newborns were received the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine (10μg recombinant yeast vaccine) and HBIG(100 IU) within 1 hour of birth, followed by the second and third doses of vaccine at 1 and 6 months of age, respectively. Serum hepatitis B virus markers were detected when they were between 7 and 12 months. Results: HBV DNA can be effectively inhibited before delivery, no matter whether the pregnant women start antiviral therapy (LdT or TDF) at 24 or 28 weeks of gestation, and the blocking rate of mother-to-child transmission is 100%. For those who initialed treatment at 24 weeks of gestation, there was no significant difference of HBV DNA load between LdT and TDF at 36 weeks gestation (P 0.115). However, for those who initialed treatment at 28 weeks of gestation, the level of HBV DNA in TDF group was significantly lower than that in LdT group at 36 weeks gestation (P0.046). There were no significant differences of serum HBsAg, HBeAg and ALT levels between group C and group D at baseline, the time of withdrawal, and4th ,12th,24th week after withdrawal (P > 0.05), but the HBV DNA level in group C at the time of withdrawal and the 4th week after drug withdrawal were both significantly higher than that in the group D (P0.007 and P0.000, respectively). By 12 weeks after drug withdrawal, the HBV DNA load of all puerperae gradually increased to the pre-treatment level and 2 (1.9%) of them showed abnormal liver function. After re-administration of antiviral treatment, the HBV DNA was successfully inhibited and the liver function returned to normal at the 24th week.. Conclusion: For pregnant women at immune tolerance phase of HBV, antiviral therapy can effectively to prevent the mother-to-child transmission, regardless of the initial treatment time (24th or 28th week of gestation).Compared with LdT, TDF demonstrated a stronger efficacy in the suppression of HBV replication. Antiviral treatment to pregnant women at immune tolerance stage to reduce the mother-to-child transmission of HBV is effective and safe. The risk of disease relapse after antiviral treatment withdraw is low, and there is no difference of relapse risk between group C and group D.
文摘While entering an information society, the humanity how to construct a circumpacific doctmlent information network has become an topic of conmmon interest to nations across the circumpacific. I think the following points are worth discussing:
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40125001)the Hundred Talent Project of CAS and the International Collaboration Project(Grant No.2002CB714004).
文摘The mid-Holocene in China is traditionally thought to be a warm and humid period with a strong summer monsoon, and is often termed the Holocene Climatic Optimum or Megathermal Period. Here we present lake geomorphologic and lithological evidence from the Alashan Plateau, part of the Mongolian Plateau, that indicates strong lake desiccation during the mid-Holocene. High resolution pollen data from Zhuyeze Lake, at the present summer monsoon margin, is also presented. These data show that present lakes and wetlands in the Juyanze Lake basin west of the Badain Jaran desert, in the Zhuyeze Lake basin between the Badain Jaran and Tengger deserts, and in lakes in the eastern Tengger desert, dried or experienced low lake levels in the mid-Holocene around 5000—7000 cal yr BP. Pollen data further indicate that the vegetation cover declined in both the local areas and in the Qilian Mountains, suggesting the climate was drier than that associated with the present Asian summer monsoon. This mid-Holocene drought interval was present throughout a quite large region of the south Inner Mongolian Plateau. The period was also probably colder, at least in the high Asian plateaus and mountains.
基金supported by US NSF(Grant Nos.9410923 and 9729929)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40125001).
文摘The area along the eastern and southeastern margins of the Tengger Desert, NW China, which is sensitive to the summer monsoon variations, was selectedfor studying the environmental conditions surrounding the transition between Paleolithic foragers and Neolithic farmer/pastoral- ists. Short cores were obtained from four lake basins in the southwestern Tengger using a hand-driven piston coring device. Proxies from these cores were supplemented by ra- diocarbon ages obtained from lake sediment cores, shoreline features and spring mound deposits. Together these records provide evidence of millennial-scale climate change events from the Pleistocene-Holocene transition to the present. Lake/wetland events, representing periods of more intensive summer monsoon, occur in the records at ～12.7-11.6, ～10.1, ～9.3, ～8.0, ～5.4, ～1.5, and ～0.8 ka BP. They do suggest that century- to millennial-scale climatic cycles are characteristic of the Holocene in the southeastern Tengger Desert although the chronology must be considered extremely tentative.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40271116)the International Cooperation Project(Grant No.2002CB714004).
文摘In order to assess the contribution of the pollen transported by wind and fluvial flows to the pollen spectra in Shiyang River drainage, a typical small endorheic drainage in arid lands of northwest China, preliminary studies on modern pollen rain along two transects with 91 surface soil samples, 8 atmospheric samples, 30 modern fluvial flow samples and 50 riverbed mud samples, were carried out. Results show that dispersal agents (air, flowing water) have dissimilar effects on transport of pollen and the structure of pollen spectra. Fluvial flow has a stronger capacity than wind to transport large quantities of pollen over long distances. Pollen transported by fluvial flow makes a large contribution to the pollen spectra of riverbed alluvial sediments. Paleoenvironmental reconstructions undertaken using pollen spectra from fluvial sediments in arid lands are strongly influenced by pollen transport. Therefore, the sources, the transportation agents and the depositional condition of pollen should be systematically investigated before pollen assemblages are used to derive the environmental significance in such settings.
