In order to determine the bulk density of refractory raw materials,the so-called water method following the Archimedes principle is normally used.This is where the effect of water displacement on the mass of the sampl...In order to determine the bulk density of refractory raw materials,the so-called water method following the Archimedes principle is normally used.This is where the effect of water displacement on the mass of the sample is used to determine the bulk volume of the sample grains.During this test procedure,the surface of water infiltrated sample grains must be dried with a wet towel.Experience shows,that this drying step is the main root cause for variation in reproducibility of results and even repeatability of tests.A new spin dryer(centrifuge)was developed and introduced to automate this surface drying step,and is now included as a new method in ISO 8840:2021.The paper discusses the improvement of measurement with the new approach and industrial experiences from two big industrial players in the raw material business.展开更多
【目的】提出适合设施甜瓜栽培的微纳米气泡水(Micro-nano Bubble Water,MNBW)滴灌模式。【方法】以设施甜瓜为供试对象,采用地下滴灌系统进行MNBW灌溉,研究了MNBW和传统地下水(Conventional Groundwater,CGW)4种水源、2种施肥水平(100%...【目的】提出适合设施甜瓜栽培的微纳米气泡水(Micro-nano Bubble Water,MNBW)滴灌模式。【方法】以设施甜瓜为供试对象,采用地下滴灌系统进行MNBW灌溉,研究了MNBW和传统地下水(Conventional Groundwater,CGW)4种水源、2种施肥水平(100%和80%滴灌施肥水平)、3种滴灌频率(1/3、1/7、1/15次/d)等因素耦合对甜瓜产量、品质和灌溉水利用效率(Irrigation Water Use Efficiency,IWUE)的影响。【结果】使用MNBW滴灌可以实现肥料减施,削减20%传统滴灌施肥量可以大幅提高甜瓜的产量(增幅最高可达56.4%)和IWUE(增幅最高可达67.7%),可溶性糖量、维生素C量、可溶性固形物量也提升显著;灌溉频率也会影响MNBW滴灌的应用效果1/3次/d的高频滴灌下甜瓜的品质提升最为显著,与滴灌频率为1/15次/d相比,甜瓜的可溶性固形物量提高21.5%~28.0%、维生素C量提高11.6%~14.8%、茎粗提高8.5%~14.2%。如果未恰当采用未腐熟牛粪作为底肥,MNBW滴灌反而会大幅降低甜瓜的产量、品质与IWUE。【结论】推荐滴灌频率为1/3次/d的MNBW滴灌结合80%滴灌施肥水平作为设施甜瓜微纳米气泡水滴灌模式。展开更多
文摘In order to determine the bulk density of refractory raw materials,the so-called water method following the Archimedes principle is normally used.This is where the effect of water displacement on the mass of the sample is used to determine the bulk volume of the sample grains.During this test procedure,the surface of water infiltrated sample grains must be dried with a wet towel.Experience shows,that this drying step is the main root cause for variation in reproducibility of results and even repeatability of tests.A new spin dryer(centrifuge)was developed and introduced to automate this surface drying step,and is now included as a new method in ISO 8840:2021.The paper discusses the improvement of measurement with the new approach and industrial experiences from two big industrial players in the raw material business.
文摘【目的】提出适合设施甜瓜栽培的微纳米气泡水(Micro-nano Bubble Water,MNBW)滴灌模式。【方法】以设施甜瓜为供试对象,采用地下滴灌系统进行MNBW灌溉,研究了MNBW和传统地下水(Conventional Groundwater,CGW)4种水源、2种施肥水平(100%和80%滴灌施肥水平)、3种滴灌频率(1/3、1/7、1/15次/d)等因素耦合对甜瓜产量、品质和灌溉水利用效率(Irrigation Water Use Efficiency,IWUE)的影响。【结果】使用MNBW滴灌可以实现肥料减施,削减20%传统滴灌施肥量可以大幅提高甜瓜的产量(增幅最高可达56.4%)和IWUE(增幅最高可达67.7%),可溶性糖量、维生素C量、可溶性固形物量也提升显著;灌溉频率也会影响MNBW滴灌的应用效果1/3次/d的高频滴灌下甜瓜的品质提升最为显著,与滴灌频率为1/15次/d相比,甜瓜的可溶性固形物量提高21.5%~28.0%、维生素C量提高11.6%~14.8%、茎粗提高8.5%~14.2%。如果未恰当采用未腐熟牛粪作为底肥,MNBW滴灌反而会大幅降低甜瓜的产量、品质与IWUE。【结论】推荐滴灌频率为1/3次/d的MNBW滴灌结合80%滴灌施肥水平作为设施甜瓜微纳米气泡水滴灌模式。
