All-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)are recognized as high energy density batteries system without safety issues within the next generation of batteries.The development of solid electrolytes is the crucial step o...All-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)are recognized as high energy density batteries system without safety issues within the next generation of batteries.The development of solid electrolytes is the crucial step of ASSLBs.The composite electrolyte has stable physical and electrochemical characteristics,and its comprehensive performance surpasses the individual solid electrolyte,bringing unique vitality to the solid electrolyte.However,their intrinsic weakness limits the development of composite electrolytes.In this review,we provide a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the challenges and opportunities of composite electrolytes,with special focus on mechanisms of ion transport,nanostructure design towards high ionic conductivity,interfacial issues within electrolytes and electrodes.Furthermore,future development is prospected,which can shed light on researchers in this field and accelerate the industrial production of composite electrolytes.展开更多
低对称性二维材料是一类晶格对称操作少,纵向仅有原子级厚度的新型纳米材料。在二维过渡金属硫族化合物(Transition metal dichalcogenides,TMDs)体系中,1T’-MoTe_(2)、1T’-WTe_(2)、1T’-ReS_(2)和1T’-ReSe_(2)是典型低对称性成员...低对称性二维材料是一类晶格对称操作少,纵向仅有原子级厚度的新型纳米材料。在二维过渡金属硫族化合物(Transition metal dichalcogenides,TMDs)体系中,1T’-MoTe_(2)、1T’-WTe_(2)、1T’-ReS_(2)和1T’-ReSe_(2)是典型低对称性成员。独特的晶格对称性为它们带来了丰富的各向异性理化性质,因而在微纳光子学、触觉传感器、各向异性逻辑器件等领域具有特殊应用前景。低对称性二维TMDs材料的基础研究和应用开发依赖于对这类材料的高质量、大尺寸、稳定制备。本文以这4类材料为典型,首先按金属前驱体进行分类,综述了近年来有关低对称性二维TMDs材料的化学气相沉积(Chemical vapor deposition,CVD)制备方法;其次,针对制备过程中1T’-MoTe_(2)容易发生相转变,1T’-ReS_(2)、1T’-ReSe_(2)与基底间相互作用力弱等特点,介绍了1T’-MoTe_(2)制备过程中的相调控机制,以及1T’-ReS_(2)、1T’-ReSe_(2)制备过程中的基底工程研究;最后,本文对低对称性二维TMDs材料未来的挑战与机遇进行了展望。展开更多
The aim of this study was to develop a palatable donepezil(DP) orodispersible film(ODF)to facilitate the swallowing process and investigate the effect of cyclodextrin on tastemasking based on dynamic process and in vi...The aim of this study was to develop a palatable donepezil(DP) orodispersible film(ODF)to facilitate the swallowing process and investigate the effect of cyclodextrin on tastemasking based on dynamic process and in vivo drug absorption. Complexation of DP with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin(HP-β-CD) was applied to mask the bitter taste then the prepared complexes were incorporated into ODF using solvent casting method. The tastemasking efficiency was evaluated by e-tongue; meanwhile the pharmacokinetic behavior of DP/HP-β-CD ODF was investigated by in vivo study. Results showed the optimized film was more palatable than donepezil hydrochloride(DH) film and was bioequivalent with DH. The molecular mechanism was revealed by phase solubility study, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR), Differential scanning calorimeter(DSC), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and molecular modeling. Taste-masking was attributed to the formation of DP/HP-β-CD which was due to moderate interaction between DP and HP-β-CD. The stability of DP/HP-β-CD was decreased because of the acid environment in stomach, which facilitated the absorption of DP. These results extended our understanding about the application of cyclodextrin complexation and provided guidance for the design of ODF especially for drugs with disgusting taste.展开更多
The properties of aluminosilicate kalsilite have attracted the interest of researchers in chemical synthesis, ceramic industry, biofuels, etc. In this study, kalsilite was hydrothermally synthesized from microcline po...The properties of aluminosilicate kalsilite have attracted the interest of researchers in chemical synthesis, ceramic industry, biofuels, etc. In this study, kalsilite was hydrothermally synthesized from microcline powder in a KOH solution. The microcline powder, rich in potassium, aluminum, and silicon, was collected from Mountain Changling in Northwestem China. The effects of temperature, time, and KOH concentration on the decomposition of microcline were investigated. The kalsilite and intermediate products were characterized by means of wet chemistry analysis, X-ray Diffraction （XRD）, infi＇ared spectrometry （IR）, 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance （29Si MAS NMR）, 27A1 MAS NMR, and scanning electron microscope （SEM）. With increasing temperature, the microcline powder transforms into a metastable KAlSiO4 polymorph before transforming further into pure kalsilite. A mixture of both kalsilite and metastable KAlSiO4 polymorph is obtained when the hydrothermal reaction is carried out within 2 h; but after 2 h, kalsilite is the predominant product. The concentration of KOH, which needs to be larger than 4.3 M, is an important parameter influencing the synthesis ofkalsilite.展开更多
As a core infrastructure of high-speed railways,ballast layers constituted by graded crushed stones feature noteworthy particle movement compared with normal railways,which may cause excessive settlement and have detr...As a core infrastructure of high-speed railways,ballast layers constituted by graded crushed stones feature noteworthy particle movement compared with normal railways,which may cause excessive settlement and have detrimental effects on train operation.However,the movement behavior remains ambiguous due to a lack of effective measurement approaches and analytical methods.In this study,an image-aided technique was developed in a full-scale model test using digital cameras and a colorbased identification approach.A total of 1274 surface ballast particles were manually dyed by discernible colors to serve as tracers in the test.The movements of the surface ballast particles were tracked using the varied pixels displaying tracers in the photos that were intermittently taken during the test in the perpendicular direction.The movement behavior of ballast particles under different combinations of train speeds and axle loads was quantitatively evaluated.The obtained results indicated that the surface ballast particle movements were slight,mainly concentrated near sleepers under low-speed train loads and greatly amplified and extended to the whole surface when the train speed reached 360 km.h-1.Additionally,the development of ballast particle displacement statistically resembled its rotation.Track vibration contributed to the movements of ballast particles,which specifically were driven by vertical acceleration near the track center and horizontal acceleration at the track edge.Furthermore,the development trends of ballast particle movements and track settlement under long-term train loading were similar,and both stabilized at nearly the same time.The track performance,including the vibration characteristics,accumulated settlement,and sleeper support stiffness,was determined to be closely related to the direction and distribution of ballast particle flow,which partly deteriorated under high-speed train loads.展开更多
Brain cancer,also known as intracranial cancer,is one of the most invasive and fatal cancers affecting people of all ages.Despite the great advances in medical technology,improvements in transporting drugs into brain ...Brain cancer,also known as intracranial cancer,is one of the most invasive and fatal cancers affecting people of all ages.Despite the great advances in medical technology,improvements in transporting drugs into brain tissue have been limited by the challenge of crossing the blood-brain barrier(BBB).Fortunately,recent endeavors using gold-based nanomaterials(GBNs)have indicated the potential of these materials to cross the BBB.Therefore,GBNs might be an attractive therapeutic strategy against brain cancer.Herein,we aim to present a comprehensive summary of current understanding of the critical effects of the physicochemical properties and surface modifications of GBNs on BBB penetration for applications in brain cancer treatment.Furthermore,the most recent GBNs and their impressive performance in precise bioimaging and efficient inhibition of brain tumors are also summarized,with an emphasis on the mechanism of their effective BBB penetration.Finally,the challenges and future outlook in using GBNs for brain cancer treatment are discussed.We hope that this review will spark researchers'interest in constructing more powerful nanoplatforms for brain disease treatment.展开更多
Gas explosions,a major occupational hazard in China’s coal industry,endanger the lives and health of miners.These explosions cause a specific type of traumatic brain injury with complex mechanisms,leading to disabili...Gas explosions,a major occupational hazard in China’s coal industry,endanger the lives and health of miners.These explosions cause a specific type of traumatic brain injury with complex mechanisms,leading to disability and death.A study by Zhao et al.using magnetic resonance imaging on 49 gas explosion survivors revealed significant damage to brain regions like the hippocampus and cerebral cortex.展开更多
As the improvement of district heating systems,the fine-tuning of operational equipment has become a promising direction.However,in the practical district heating systems,relying solely on manual control and the exist...As the improvement of district heating systems,the fine-tuning of operational equipment has become a promising direction.However,in the practical district heating systems,relying solely on manual control and the existing basic models,the dynamic hydraulic-thermal process is hard to cover.Consequently,the primary side control in the current district heating system mainly results in the over or under-supply of heating substations.This article constructs a dynamic hydraulic-thermal model and performs a balanced operation strategies optimization based on the hydraulic-thermal model.The linearization and iterative optimization process are adopted to simplify the hydraulic and thermal modeling for the single pipe,and the hydraulic and thermal calculation are conducted sequentially.For the primary side network in the various operation conditions,the dynamic hydraulic-thermal model is established.The heating supply imbalance of the primary side return temperatures among different heating substations is defined and optimized based on the dynamic hydraulic-thermal model and the particle swarm optimization algorithm.In the case analysis,the results of heating supply imbalance before and after optimization are 0.81 K and 0.47 K,respectively,with a 42.0%reduction in heating imbalances after optimization.The proposed method could contribute to the fine-tuning of heating substations and the reduction of energy waste due to the imbalanced heating supply,which is significant for the operation strategies of district heating systems.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074359,51904342,U19A2019)the Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Plan(2020JJ3048)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2020RC4005,2019RS1004)the science and technology plan key project of Hunan Province(2020GK2100)the Innovation Mover Program of Central South University(2020CX007)。
文摘All-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)are recognized as high energy density batteries system without safety issues within the next generation of batteries.The development of solid electrolytes is the crucial step of ASSLBs.The composite electrolyte has stable physical and electrochemical characteristics,and its comprehensive performance surpasses the individual solid electrolyte,bringing unique vitality to the solid electrolyte.However,their intrinsic weakness limits the development of composite electrolytes.In this review,we provide a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the challenges and opportunities of composite electrolytes,with special focus on mechanisms of ion transport,nanostructure design towards high ionic conductivity,interfacial issues within electrolytes and electrodes.Furthermore,future development is prospected,which can shed light on researchers in this field and accelerate the industrial production of composite electrolytes.
文摘低对称性二维材料是一类晶格对称操作少,纵向仅有原子级厚度的新型纳米材料。在二维过渡金属硫族化合物(Transition metal dichalcogenides,TMDs)体系中,1T’-MoTe_(2)、1T’-WTe_(2)、1T’-ReS_(2)和1T’-ReSe_(2)是典型低对称性成员。独特的晶格对称性为它们带来了丰富的各向异性理化性质,因而在微纳光子学、触觉传感器、各向异性逻辑器件等领域具有特殊应用前景。低对称性二维TMDs材料的基础研究和应用开发依赖于对这类材料的高质量、大尺寸、稳定制备。本文以这4类材料为典型,首先按金属前驱体进行分类,综述了近年来有关低对称性二维TMDs材料的化学气相沉积(Chemical vapor deposition,CVD)制备方法;其次,针对制备过程中1T’-MoTe_(2)容易发生相转变,1T’-ReS_(2)、1T’-ReSe_(2)与基底间相互作用力弱等特点,介绍了1T’-MoTe_(2)制备过程中的相调控机制,以及1T’-ReS_(2)、1T’-ReSe_(2)制备过程中的基底工程研究;最后,本文对低对称性二维TMDs材料未来的挑战与机遇进行了展望。
文摘The aim of this study was to develop a palatable donepezil(DP) orodispersible film(ODF)to facilitate the swallowing process and investigate the effect of cyclodextrin on tastemasking based on dynamic process and in vivo drug absorption. Complexation of DP with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin(HP-β-CD) was applied to mask the bitter taste then the prepared complexes were incorporated into ODF using solvent casting method. The tastemasking efficiency was evaluated by e-tongue; meanwhile the pharmacokinetic behavior of DP/HP-β-CD ODF was investigated by in vivo study. Results showed the optimized film was more palatable than donepezil hydrochloride(DH) film and was bioequivalent with DH. The molecular mechanism was revealed by phase solubility study, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR), Differential scanning calorimeter(DSC), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and molecular modeling. Taste-masking was attributed to the formation of DP/HP-β-CD which was due to moderate interaction between DP and HP-β-CD. The stability of DP/HP-β-CD was decreased because of the acid environment in stomach, which facilitated the absorption of DP. These results extended our understanding about the application of cyclodextrin complexation and provided guidance for the design of ODF especially for drugs with disgusting taste.
基金financially supported by the Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the Eleventh Five-year Plan Period (No. 2006BAD10B04)
文摘The properties of aluminosilicate kalsilite have attracted the interest of researchers in chemical synthesis, ceramic industry, biofuels, etc. In this study, kalsilite was hydrothermally synthesized from microcline powder in a KOH solution. The microcline powder, rich in potassium, aluminum, and silicon, was collected from Mountain Changling in Northwestem China. The effects of temperature, time, and KOH concentration on the decomposition of microcline were investigated. The kalsilite and intermediate products were characterized by means of wet chemistry analysis, X-ray Diffraction （XRD）, infi＇ared spectrometry （IR）, 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance （29Si MAS NMR）, 27A1 MAS NMR, and scanning electron microscope （SEM）. With increasing temperature, the microcline powder transforms into a metastable KAlSiO4 polymorph before transforming further into pure kalsilite. A mixture of both kalsilite and metastable KAlSiO4 polymorph is obtained when the hydrothermal reaction is carried out within 2 h; but after 2 h, kalsilite is the predominant product. The concentration of KOH, which needs to be larger than 4.3 M, is an important parameter influencing the synthesis ofkalsilite.
基金The financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52008369,52125803,and 51988101)。
文摘As a core infrastructure of high-speed railways,ballast layers constituted by graded crushed stones feature noteworthy particle movement compared with normal railways,which may cause excessive settlement and have detrimental effects on train operation.However,the movement behavior remains ambiguous due to a lack of effective measurement approaches and analytical methods.In this study,an image-aided technique was developed in a full-scale model test using digital cameras and a colorbased identification approach.A total of 1274 surface ballast particles were manually dyed by discernible colors to serve as tracers in the test.The movements of the surface ballast particles were tracked using the varied pixels displaying tracers in the photos that were intermittently taken during the test in the perpendicular direction.The movement behavior of ballast particles under different combinations of train speeds and axle loads was quantitatively evaluated.The obtained results indicated that the surface ballast particle movements were slight,mainly concentrated near sleepers under low-speed train loads and greatly amplified and extended to the whole surface when the train speed reached 360 km.h-1.Additionally,the development of ballast particle displacement statistically resembled its rotation.Track vibration contributed to the movements of ballast particles,which specifically were driven by vertical acceleration near the track center and horizontal acceleration at the track edge.Furthermore,the development trends of ballast particle movements and track settlement under long-term train loading were similar,and both stabilized at nearly the same time.The track performance,including the vibration characteristics,accumulated settlement,and sleeper support stiffness,was determined to be closely related to the direction and distribution of ballast particle flow,which partly deteriorated under high-speed train loads.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.82001959 and 31630027)NSFC-German Research Foundation(DFG)project(Grant No.31761133013)+6 种基金appreciate support from the“Ten Thousand Elite Plan”(Grant No.Y9E21Z11)CAS International Collaboration Plan(Grant No.E0632911ZX)the National Key Research&Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFE0117800)the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyCAS(Grant No.NSKF202003)Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research(Grant No.FJ-YW-2021KF04)financial support from the Nanqiang Outstanding Young Talents Program from Xiamen University。
文摘Brain cancer,also known as intracranial cancer,is one of the most invasive and fatal cancers affecting people of all ages.Despite the great advances in medical technology,improvements in transporting drugs into brain tissue have been limited by the challenge of crossing the blood-brain barrier(BBB).Fortunately,recent endeavors using gold-based nanomaterials(GBNs)have indicated the potential of these materials to cross the BBB.Therefore,GBNs might be an attractive therapeutic strategy against brain cancer.Herein,we aim to present a comprehensive summary of current understanding of the critical effects of the physicochemical properties and surface modifications of GBNs on BBB penetration for applications in brain cancer treatment.Furthermore,the most recent GBNs and their impressive performance in precise bioimaging and efficient inhibition of brain tumors are also summarized,with an emphasis on the mechanism of their effective BBB penetration.Finally,the challenges and future outlook in using GBNs for brain cancer treatment are discussed.We hope that this review will spark researchers'interest in constructing more powerful nanoplatforms for brain disease treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[U2004102]the Science and Technology Project of Henan Province[232102311071]the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province[202300410312]。
文摘Gas explosions,a major occupational hazard in China’s coal industry,endanger the lives and health of miners.These explosions cause a specific type of traumatic brain injury with complex mechanisms,leading to disability and death.A study by Zhao et al.using magnetic resonance imaging on 49 gas explosion survivors revealed significant damage to brain regions like the hippocampus and cerebral cortex.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51806190)supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFE0108600).
文摘As the improvement of district heating systems,the fine-tuning of operational equipment has become a promising direction.However,in the practical district heating systems,relying solely on manual control and the existing basic models,the dynamic hydraulic-thermal process is hard to cover.Consequently,the primary side control in the current district heating system mainly results in the over or under-supply of heating substations.This article constructs a dynamic hydraulic-thermal model and performs a balanced operation strategies optimization based on the hydraulic-thermal model.The linearization and iterative optimization process are adopted to simplify the hydraulic and thermal modeling for the single pipe,and the hydraulic and thermal calculation are conducted sequentially.For the primary side network in the various operation conditions,the dynamic hydraulic-thermal model is established.The heating supply imbalance of the primary side return temperatures among different heating substations is defined and optimized based on the dynamic hydraulic-thermal model and the particle swarm optimization algorithm.In the case analysis,the results of heating supply imbalance before and after optimization are 0.81 K and 0.47 K,respectively,with a 42.0%reduction in heating imbalances after optimization.The proposed method could contribute to the fine-tuning of heating substations and the reduction of energy waste due to the imbalanced heating supply,which is significant for the operation strategies of district heating systems.
