Soybean(Glycine max)stands as a globally significant agricultural crop,and the comprehensive assembly of its genome is of paramount importance for unraveling its biological characteristics and evolutionary history.Nev...Soybean(Glycine max)stands as a globally significant agricultural crop,and the comprehensive assembly of its genome is of paramount importance for unraveling its biological characteristics and evolutionary history.Nevertheless,previous soybean genome assemblies have harbored gaps and incompleteness,which have constrained in-depth investigations into soybean.Here,we present Telomere-to-Telomere(T2T)assembly of the Chinese soybean cultivar Zhonghuang 13(ZH13)genome,termed ZH13-T2T,utilizing PacBio Hifi and ONT ultralong reads.We employed a multi-assembler approach,integrating Hifiasm,NextDenovo,and Canu,to minimize biases and enhance assembly accuracy.The assembly spans 1,015,024,879 bp,effectively resolving all 393 gaps that previously plagued the reference genome.Our annotation efforts identified 50,564 high-confidence protein-coding genes,707 of which are novel.ZH13-T2T revealed longer chromosomes,421 not-aligned regions(NARs),112 structure variations(SVs),and a substantial expansion of repetitive element compared to earlier assemblies.Specifically,we identified 25.67 Mb of tandem repeats,an enrichment of 5S and 48S rDNAs,and characterized their genotypic diversity.In summary,we deliver the first complete Chinese soybean cultivar T2T genome.The comprehensive annotation,along with precise centromere and telomere characterization,as well as insights into structural variations,further enhance our understanding of soybean genetics and evolution.展开更多
Background:Pig organ xenotransplantation is a potential solution for the severe organ shortage in clinic,while immunogenic genes need to be eliminated to improve the immune compatibility between humans and pigs.Curren...Background:Pig organ xenotransplantation is a potential solution for the severe organ shortage in clinic,while immunogenic genes need to be eliminated to improve the immune compatibility between humans and pigs.Current knockout strategies are mainly aimed at the genes causing hyperacute immune rejection(HAR)that occurs in the first few hours while adaptive immune reactions orchestrated by CD4 T cell thereafter also cause graft failure,in which process the MHCⅡmolecule plays critical roles.Methods:Thus,we generate a 4-gene(GGTA1,CMAH,β4GalNT2,and CIITA)knockout pig by CRISPR/Cas9 and somatic cell nuclear transfer to compromise HAR and CD4 T cell reactions simultaneously.Results:We successfully obtained 4KO piglets with deficiency in all alleles of genes,and at cellular and tissue levels.Additionally,the safety of our animals after gene editing was verified by using whole-genome sequencing and karyotyping.Piglets have survived for more than one year in the barrier,and also survived for more than 3 months in the conventional environment,suggesting that the piglets without MHCⅡcan be raised in the barrier and then gradually mated in the conventional environment.Conclusions:4KO piglets have lower immunogenicity,are safe in genomic level,and are easier to breed than the model with both MHCⅠandⅡdeletion.展开更多
Bonding quality at the interface of solid propellant grains is crucial for the reliability and safety of solid rocket motors.Although bonding reliability is influenced by numerous factors,the lack of quantitative char...Bonding quality at the interface of solid propellant grains is crucial for the reliability and safety of solid rocket motors.Although bonding reliability is influenced by numerous factors,the lack of quantitative characterization of interface debonding mechanisms and the challenge of identifying key factors have made precise control of process variables difficult,resulting in unpredictable failure risks.This paper presents an improved fuzzy failure probability evaluation method that combines fuzzy fault tree analysis with expert knowledge,transforming process data into fuzzy failure probability to accurately assess debonding probabilities.The predictive model is constructed through a general regression neural network and optimized using the particle swarm optimization algorithm.Sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify key decision variables,including normal force,grain rotation speed,and adhesive weight,which are verified experimentally.Compared with classical models,the maximum error margin of the constructed reliability prediction model is only 0.02%,and it has high stability.The experimental results indicate that the main factors affecting debonding are processing roughness and coating uniformity.Controlling the key decision variable as the median resulted in a maximum increase of 200.7%in bonding strength.The feasibility of the improved method has been verified,confirming that identifying key decision variables has the ability to improve bonding reliability.The proposed method simplifies the evaluation of propellant interface bonding reliability under complex conditions by quantifying the relationship between process parameters and failure risk,enabling targeted management of key decision variables.展开更多
Severe structural fractures and persistent side reactions at the interface with liquid electrolytes have hindered the commercialization of silicon(Si)anodes.Solid-state electrolytes present a promising solution to add...Severe structural fractures and persistent side reactions at the interface with liquid electrolytes have hindered the commercialization of silicon(Si)anodes.Solid-state electrolytes present a promising solution to address these issues.However,the high interfacial resistance of rigid ceramic electrolytes and the limited ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes remain significant challenges,further complicated by the substantial volume expansion of Si.In this work,we chemically grafted a flame-retardant,self-healing polyurethane-thiourea polymer onto Li_(7)P_(3)S_(11)(SHPUSB-40%LPS)via nucleophilic addition,creating an electrolyte with exceptional ionic conductivity,high elasticity,and strong compatibility with Si anodes.We observed that FSI^(-)was strongly adsorbed onto the LPS surface through electrostatic interactions with sulfur vacancies,enhancing Li^(+)transport.Furthermore,SHPUSB-40%LPS exhibits dynamic covalent disulfide bonds and hydrogen bonds,enabling self-assembly of the electrolyte at the interface.This dynamic bonding provides a self-healing mechanism that mitigates structural changes during Si expansion and contraction cycles.As a result,the Si anode with SHPUSB-40%LPS presents excellent cycling stability,retaining nearly 53.5%of its capacity after 300 cycles.The practical applicability of this design was validated in a 2 Ah all-solid-state Si‖LiNi_(0.6)Mn_(0.2)Co_(0.2)O_(2)pouch cell,which maintained a stable Li-ion storage capacity retention of 76.3%after 350cycles at 0.5C.This novel solid-state electrolyte with selfhealing properties offers a promising strategy to address fundamental interfacial and performance challenges associated with Si anodes.展开更多
Nucleic acid analysis is a key technique that enables accurate detection of various microorganisms.Conventional nucleic acid testing typically requires access to specialized laboratories,equipment,and trained personne...Nucleic acid analysis is a key technique that enables accurate detection of various microorganisms.Conventional nucleic acid testing typically requires access to specialized laboratories,equipment,and trained personnel,which hinders the widespread use of on-site testing for DNA and RNA targets.However,integrating gene editing technology with traditional nucleic acid detection methods,especially isothermal amplification technology,can help overcome the limitations associated with on-site testing.This combination can accomplish precise and swift detection of nucleic acid sequences,offering a robust tool for on-site detection.The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins(CRISPR/Cas)technology,which comprises the CRISPR system and Cas effector proteins,is a powerful tool that is advancing the field of nucleic acid detection.Specifically,Cas12,Cas13,and Cas14 proteins have emerged as straightforward,effective,precise,sensitive,and cost-effective methods for in vitro nucleic acid detection because of their“collateral cleavage”characteristics.When combined with the“collateral cleavage”ability of Cas protein and isothermal amplification,CRISPR/Cas systems have great potential to advance nucleic acid detection.This article summarizes the research progress of different CRISPR/Cas systems and their applications in nucleic acid detection and future perspectives.展开更多
基金This work has been supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1200105)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62172125,62371161).
文摘Soybean(Glycine max)stands as a globally significant agricultural crop,and the comprehensive assembly of its genome is of paramount importance for unraveling its biological characteristics and evolutionary history.Nevertheless,previous soybean genome assemblies have harbored gaps and incompleteness,which have constrained in-depth investigations into soybean.Here,we present Telomere-to-Telomere(T2T)assembly of the Chinese soybean cultivar Zhonghuang 13(ZH13)genome,termed ZH13-T2T,utilizing PacBio Hifi and ONT ultralong reads.We employed a multi-assembler approach,integrating Hifiasm,NextDenovo,and Canu,to minimize biases and enhance assembly accuracy.The assembly spans 1,015,024,879 bp,effectively resolving all 393 gaps that previously plagued the reference genome.Our annotation efforts identified 50,564 high-confidence protein-coding genes,707 of which are novel.ZH13-T2T revealed longer chromosomes,421 not-aligned regions(NARs),112 structure variations(SVs),and a substantial expansion of repetitive element compared to earlier assemblies.Specifically,we identified 25.67 Mb of tandem repeats,an enrichment of 5S and 48S rDNAs,and characterized their genotypic diversity.In summary,we deliver the first complete Chinese soybean cultivar T2T genome.The comprehensive annotation,along with precise centromere and telomere characterization,as well as insights into structural variations,further enhance our understanding of soybean genetics and evolution.
基金National Key Research and Development Program,Grant/Award Number:2019YFA0903800,2021YFA0805701,2021YFA0805905 and 2022YFA1103603CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research,Grant/Award Number:YSBR-012+2 种基金STI 2030-Major Project,Grant/Award Number:2023ZD0407503National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:32071456 and 82241224Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant/Award Number:XDA16030000。
文摘Background:Pig organ xenotransplantation is a potential solution for the severe organ shortage in clinic,while immunogenic genes need to be eliminated to improve the immune compatibility between humans and pigs.Current knockout strategies are mainly aimed at the genes causing hyperacute immune rejection(HAR)that occurs in the first few hours while adaptive immune reactions orchestrated by CD4 T cell thereafter also cause graft failure,in which process the MHCⅡmolecule plays critical roles.Methods:Thus,we generate a 4-gene(GGTA1,CMAH,β4GalNT2,and CIITA)knockout pig by CRISPR/Cas9 and somatic cell nuclear transfer to compromise HAR and CD4 T cell reactions simultaneously.Results:We successfully obtained 4KO piglets with deficiency in all alleles of genes,and at cellular and tissue levels.Additionally,the safety of our animals after gene editing was verified by using whole-genome sequencing and karyotyping.Piglets have survived for more than one year in the barrier,and also survived for more than 3 months in the conventional environment,suggesting that the piglets without MHCⅡcan be raised in the barrier and then gradually mated in the conventional environment.Conclusions:4KO piglets have lower immunogenicity,are safe in genomic level,and are easier to breed than the model with both MHCⅠandⅡdeletion.
基金supported in part by the Equipment Development Pre-research Project funded by Equipment Development Department,PRC under Grant No.50923010501Fundamental Research Program of Shenyang Institute of Automation(SIA),Chinese Academy of Sciencess under Grant No.355060201。
文摘Bonding quality at the interface of solid propellant grains is crucial for the reliability and safety of solid rocket motors.Although bonding reliability is influenced by numerous factors,the lack of quantitative characterization of interface debonding mechanisms and the challenge of identifying key factors have made precise control of process variables difficult,resulting in unpredictable failure risks.This paper presents an improved fuzzy failure probability evaluation method that combines fuzzy fault tree analysis with expert knowledge,transforming process data into fuzzy failure probability to accurately assess debonding probabilities.The predictive model is constructed through a general regression neural network and optimized using the particle swarm optimization algorithm.Sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify key decision variables,including normal force,grain rotation speed,and adhesive weight,which are verified experimentally.Compared with classical models,the maximum error margin of the constructed reliability prediction model is only 0.02%,and it has high stability.The experimental results indicate that the main factors affecting debonding are processing roughness and coating uniformity.Controlling the key decision variable as the median resulted in a maximum increase of 200.7%in bonding strength.The feasibility of the improved method has been verified,confirming that identifying key decision variables has the ability to improve bonding reliability.The proposed method simplifies the evaluation of propellant interface bonding reliability under complex conditions by quantifying the relationship between process parameters and failure risk,enabling targeted management of key decision variables.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52172202)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China(No.SL2024A03J00326)+1 种基金Key Research and Development project of High-Level Scientific and Technological Talent Introduction for Luliang City(No.2023RC27)the Basic Research Program(Free Exploration Category)Project for Shanxi Province(No.202303021222251)
文摘Severe structural fractures and persistent side reactions at the interface with liquid electrolytes have hindered the commercialization of silicon(Si)anodes.Solid-state electrolytes present a promising solution to address these issues.However,the high interfacial resistance of rigid ceramic electrolytes and the limited ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes remain significant challenges,further complicated by the substantial volume expansion of Si.In this work,we chemically grafted a flame-retardant,self-healing polyurethane-thiourea polymer onto Li_(7)P_(3)S_(11)(SHPUSB-40%LPS)via nucleophilic addition,creating an electrolyte with exceptional ionic conductivity,high elasticity,and strong compatibility with Si anodes.We observed that FSI^(-)was strongly adsorbed onto the LPS surface through electrostatic interactions with sulfur vacancies,enhancing Li^(+)transport.Furthermore,SHPUSB-40%LPS exhibits dynamic covalent disulfide bonds and hydrogen bonds,enabling self-assembly of the electrolyte at the interface.This dynamic bonding provides a self-healing mechanism that mitigates structural changes during Si expansion and contraction cycles.As a result,the Si anode with SHPUSB-40%LPS presents excellent cycling stability,retaining nearly 53.5%of its capacity after 300 cycles.The practical applicability of this design was validated in a 2 Ah all-solid-state Si‖LiNi_(0.6)Mn_(0.2)Co_(0.2)O_(2)pouch cell,which maintained a stable Li-ion storage capacity retention of 76.3%after 350cycles at 0.5C.This novel solid-state electrolyte with selfhealing properties offers a promising strategy to address fundamental interfacial and performance challenges associated with Si anodes.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant Nos.2021JJ30050 and 2023JJ50368)Science and Technology Program of Hunan Province(Grant No.2021SK50313)+3 种基金the Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission(Grant Nos.202203102912 and 202203103105,W20243264)the Science and Technology Program of Chenzhou(Grant No.ZDYF2020011)the Key Project of the First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou(Grant No.CZYY202203)the Innovative Team Project of the First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou(Grant No.CX202103).
文摘Nucleic acid analysis is a key technique that enables accurate detection of various microorganisms.Conventional nucleic acid testing typically requires access to specialized laboratories,equipment,and trained personnel,which hinders the widespread use of on-site testing for DNA and RNA targets.However,integrating gene editing technology with traditional nucleic acid detection methods,especially isothermal amplification technology,can help overcome the limitations associated with on-site testing.This combination can accomplish precise and swift detection of nucleic acid sequences,offering a robust tool for on-site detection.The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins(CRISPR/Cas)technology,which comprises the CRISPR system and Cas effector proteins,is a powerful tool that is advancing the field of nucleic acid detection.Specifically,Cas12,Cas13,and Cas14 proteins have emerged as straightforward,effective,precise,sensitive,and cost-effective methods for in vitro nucleic acid detection because of their“collateral cleavage”characteristics.When combined with the“collateral cleavage”ability of Cas protein and isothermal amplification,CRISPR/Cas systems have great potential to advance nucleic acid detection.This article summarizes the research progress of different CRISPR/Cas systems and their applications in nucleic acid detection and future perspectives.
