Fine-grained nuclear graphite is a key material in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors(HTGRs).During air ingress accidents,core graphite components undergo severe oxidation,threatening structural integrity.Therefore,...Fine-grained nuclear graphite is a key material in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors(HTGRs).During air ingress accidents,core graphite components undergo severe oxidation,threatening structural integrity.Therefore,understanding the oxidation behavior of nuclear graphite is essential for reactor safety.The influence of oxidation involves multiple factors,including temperature,sample size,oxidant,impurities,filler type and size,etc.The size of the filler particles plays a crucial role in this study.Five ultrafine-and superfine-grained nuclear graphite samples(5.9-34.4μm)are manufactured using identical raw materials and manufacturing processes.Isothermal oxidation tests conducted at 650℃-750℃ are used to study the oxidation behavior.Additionally,comprehensive characterization is performed to analyze the crystal structure,surface morphology,and nanoscale to microscale pore structure of the samples.Results indicate that oxidation behavior cannot be predicted solely based on filler grain size.Reactive site concentration,characterized by active surface area,dominates the chemical reaction kinetics,whereas pore tortuosity,quantified by the structural parameterΨ,plays a key role in regulating oxidant diffusion.These findings clarify the dual role of microstructure in oxidation mechanisms and establish a theoretical and experimental basis for the design of high-performance nuclear graphite capable of long-term service in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors.展开更多
This study aims to determine the variation and controlling factors of shale gas adsorption capacity in reservoirs in the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation and the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation(also referred to as ...This study aims to determine the variation and controlling factors of shale gas adsorption capacity in reservoirs in the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation and the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation(also referred to as the WF-LMX formations),South China.Based on data obtained using scanning helium ion microscopy(HIM)and nitrogen(N_(2))and methane(CH_(4))adsorption experiments,this study analyzed the organic pore heterogeneity of shales in the WF-LMX formations in well A and its effect on shale gas adsorption.Using the Frenkel-Halsey-Hill(FHH)model,data from N_(2) adsorption experiments were converted into fractal dimensions,which can reflect the complexity and heterogeneity of organic pores while also serving as a novel indicator for quantitatively assessing the pore structure complexity.The results indicate that shales in the WF-LMX formations in well A can be divided into two sections:(Ⅰ)the Wufeng Formation and the lower Longmaxi Formation(depths:ca.2871.0-2898.6 m),and(Ⅱ)the upper Longmaxi Formation(depths:<2871.0 m).Organic pores in Section Ⅰ typically exhibit complex internal structures,coarse surfaces,and interconnectivity,whereas those in Section Ⅱ are simple,smooth,and isolated.Moreover,the former possesses larger specific surface areas(SSAs)than the latter.A fractal analysis reveals that organic pores in the shale sequence can be classified into micropores(<2 nm),mesopores(2-10 nm),and macropores(>10 nm).The calculated fractal dimensions show greater heterogeneity of organic pores,especially macropores,in Section Ⅰ compared to Section Ⅱ.The results also reveal that organic macropores are the primary pores controlling the SSAs of organic pores in shale reservoirs in the WF-LMX formations.Organic pores in Section Ⅰ manifest a superior shale gas adsorption capacity compared to Section Ⅱ.The heterogeneity of organic pores might affect the adsorption capacity of shales in the formations.Generally,organic macropores in Section Ⅰ of the shale sequence exhibit more complex structures and larger SSAs,leading to a stronger absorption capacity of shale reservoirs in Section Ⅰ compared to Section Ⅱ.展开更多
Coastal cities hold a special position in the fields of production,living,and ecological research because of their unique wetland resource advantages.However,with global urbanization and rapid economic development,con...Coastal cities hold a special position in the fields of production,living,and ecological research because of their unique wetland resource advantages.However,with global urbanization and rapid economic development,con-flicts among production,living and ecological land are prevalent in coastal cities in the process of maintaining sustainable wetland resources and further developing the social economy.By establishing an SD-PLUS-CCD cou-pling model,this paper analysed the evolution characteristics and driving mechanism of the production-living-ecological space(PLES)and the effects of wetland protection(WLP)on promoting or inhibiting the coordinated development of the PLES in Dongying city during 2005-2060.The results show that(1)from 2005 to 2020,the increase in urban population resulted in a significant transfer of arable land and a reduction of 914 km2 in pro-duction space(PS);(2)from 2020 to 2060,under the WLP scenario,the conversion of wetland ecological space will reduce the PS and living space(LS)by 193.92 km2 and 107.14 km2,respectively,and increase the ecological space(ES)by 327.52 km2;and(3)wetland protection has an inhibitory effect on the coordinated development of PLES in the study area,and the total proportion of noncoordinated areas of PE and living-ecological space will continue to increase during the simulation period.This paper provides a solid theoretical support for the sustain-able management and protection of wetlands in coastal cities and possible PLES conflict patterns and provides a scientific basis for future territorial spatial planning and policy balance analysis.展开更多
Background:Intestinal disorder is an important factor contributing to growth lag and high rates of morbidity and mortality of piglets with intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR).Resveratrol(RSV)and its derivative ptero...Background:Intestinal disorder is an important factor contributing to growth lag and high rates of morbidity and mortality of piglets with intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR).Resveratrol(RSV)and its derivative pterostilbene(PT)are natural stilbenes possessing various bioactivities,such as antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.This study compared the protective potential of RSV and PT on the intestinal redox status and gut microbiota in weanling piglets with IUGR.Methods:Eighteen male piglets of normal body weight(NBW)and 54 same-sex IUGR piglets were chosen according to their birth and weaning weights.The NBW piglets accepted a basal diet,while the IUGR piglets were allotted to one of three groups according to their body weight at weaning and received a basal diet,an RSV-supplemented diet(300 mg/kg),or a PT-supplemented diet(300 mg/kg),respectively.Results:Compared with IUGR piglets,both RSV and PT improved the IUGR-associated decrease in jejunal villus height and increases in plasma diamine oxidase activity and D-lactate level and jejunal apoptosis of piglets(P<0.05).Administering RSV and PT also enhanced jejunal superoxide dismutase activity and the mRNA and protein expression of superoxide dismutase 2 of IUGR piglets by promoting nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)nuclear translocation(P<0.05).Comparatively,PT was more effective than RSV in elevating the villus height/crypt depth ratio and occludin mRNA and protein levels in the jejunum of IUGR piglets(P<0.05).PT was also superior to RSV in increasing Nrf2 nuclear translocation and inhibiting malondialdehyde accumulation in the jejunum of IUGR piglets(P<0.05).Additionally,RSV modulated the composition of cecal microbiota of IUGR piglets,as evidenced by increasing the prevalence of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the genera Prevotella,Faecalibacterium,and Parabacteroides and inhibiting the growth of the phylum Proteobacteria and its genera Escherichia and Actinobacillus(P<0.05).Moreover,RSV significantly increased the butyrate concentration in the cecum of IUGR piglets(P<0.05).Conclusion:PT is more potent than RSV to prevent intestinal oxidative stress,while RSV has a stronger capacity to regulate gut microbiota compared to PT.展开更多
As electro-hydrostatic actuator(EHA)technology advances towards lightweight and integration,the demand for enhanced internal flow pathways in hydraulic valve blocks intensifies.However,owing to the constraints imposed...As electro-hydrostatic actuator(EHA)technology advances towards lightweight and integration,the demand for enhanced internal flow pathways in hydraulic valve blocks intensifies.However,owing to the constraints imposed by traditional manufacturing processes,conventional hydraulic integrated valve blocks fail to satisfy the demands of a more compact channel layout and lower energy dissipation.Notably,the subjectivity in the arrangement of internal passages results in a time-consuming and labor-intensive process.This study employed additive manufacturing technology and the ant colony algorithm and B-spline curves for the meticulous design of internal passages within an aviation EHA valve block.The layout environment for the valve block passages was established,and path optimization was achieved using the ant colony algorithm,complemented by smoothing using B-spline curves.Three-dimensional modeling was performed using SolidWorks software,revealing a 10.03%reduction in volume for the optimized passages compared with the original passages.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations were performed using Fluent software,demonstrating that the algorithmically optimized passages effectively prevented the occurrence of vortices at right-angled locations,exhibited superior flow characteristics,and concurrently reduced pressure losses by 34.09%-36.36%.The small discrepancy between the experimental and simulation results validated the efficacy of the ant colony algorithm and B-spline curves in optimizing the passage design,offering a viable solution for channel design in additive manufacturing.展开更多
The size-spectrum model has been considered a useful tool for understanding the structures of marine ecosystems and examining management implications for fisheries.Based on Chinese tuna longline observer data from the...The size-spectrum model has been considered a useful tool for understanding the structures of marine ecosystems and examining management implications for fisheries.Based on Chinese tuna longline observer data from the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean and published data,we developed and calibrated a multispecies size-spectrum model of twenty common and commercially important species in this area.We then use the model to project the status of the species from 2016 to 2050 under five constant-fishing-mortality management scenarios:(1)F=0;(2)F=F_(recent),the average fishing mortality from 2013 to 2015;(3)F=0.5F_(recent);(4)F=2F_(recent) and(5)F=3F_(recent).Several ecological indicators were used to track the dynamics of the community structure under different levels of fishing,including the mean body weight,slope of community size spectra(Slope),and total biomass.The validation demonstrated that size-at-age data of nine main catch species between our model predictions and those empirical data from assessments by the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission matched well,with the R^(2)>0.9.The direct effect of fishing was the decreasing abundance of large-sized individuals.The mean body weight in the community decreased by~1500 g(21%)by 2050 when F doubled from F_(recent) to 2F_(recent).The higher the fishing mortality,the steeper the Slope was.The projection also indicated that fishing impacts reflected by the total biomass did not increase proportionally with the increasing fishing mortality.The biomass of the main target tuna species was still abundant over the projection period under the recent fishing mortality,except Albacore tuna(Thunnus alalunga).For sharks and billfishes,their biomass remained at relatively higher levels only under the F=0 scenario.The results can serve as a scientific reference for alternative management strategies in the tropical Pacific Ocean.展开更多
Plasmonic nanomaterials are sources of light,heat and electrons at nanometer scale.Given the outstanding performance in harvesting and converting solar energy under visible light irradiation,hybrid nanomaterials with ...Plasmonic nanomaterials are sources of light,heat and electrons at nanometer scale.Given the outstanding performance in harvesting and converting solar energy under visible light irradiation,hybrid nanomaterials with plasmonic activity have recently emerged as a new class of advanced photocatalysts.Because of the enhanced charge-separation at hybrid interfaces,the hybrids usually exhibit higher catalytic activity compared with their monometallic counterparts.Here,we review the recent progress on synthesis of plasmonic hybrid nanomaterials and their applications in photocatalysis,including H2 production,CO_(2) reduction and N2 fixation.We hope this review will give systematic and valuable reference on plasmonic solar to chemical energy conversion.展开更多
The rapid development of electric buses has brought a surge in the number of bus hubs and their charging and discharging capacities.Therefore,the location and construction scale of bus hubs will greatly affect the ope...The rapid development of electric buses has brought a surge in the number of bus hubs and their charging and discharging capacities.Therefore,the location and construction scale of bus hubs will greatly affect the operation costs and benefits of an urban distribution network in the future.Through the scientific and reasonable planning of public transport hubs on the premise of meeting the needs of basic public transport services,it can reduce the negative impact of electric bus charging loads upon the power grids.Furthermore,it can use its flexible operation characteristics to provide flexible support for the distribution network.In this paper,taking the impact of public transport hub on the reliability of distribution network as the starting point,a three-level programming optimization model based on the value and economy of distribution network load loss is proposed.Through the upper model,several planning schemes can be generated,which provides boundary conditions for the expansion of middle-level optimization.The normal operation dispatching scheme of public transport hub obtained from the middle-level optimization results provides boundary conditions for the development of lower level optimization.Through the lower level optimization,the expected load loss of the whole distribution system including bus hub under the planning scheme given by the upper level can be obtained.The effectiveness of the model is verified by an IEEE-33 bus example.展开更多
Along with the rapid development of internet,CRM has become one of the most important facts leading the enterprises to be competent.At the same time,the analytical CRM based on Date Warehouse is the kernel of CRM syst...Along with the rapid development of internet,CRM has become one of the most important facts leading the enterprises to be competent.At the same time,the analytical CRM based on Date Warehouse is the kernel of CRM system.This paper mainly explains the idea of CRM and the DW model of analytical CRM system.展开更多
Objective:To explore the relationship of plasma homocysteine(Hcy),soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1)and high mobility group box 1 protein(HMGB1)with carotid intima-media thickness(c-IMT)in elderly pati...Objective:To explore the relationship of plasma homocysteine(Hcy),soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1)and high mobility group box 1 protein(HMGB1)with carotid intima-media thickness(c-IMT)in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:A total of 100 elderly patients who were diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus in Baogang Hospital of Inner Mongolia from June 2017 to May 2020 were chosen as research objects.According to c-IMT,they were divided into the normal group(n=35),the mild to moderate group(n=41)and the severe group(n=24).The expression levels of plasma Hcy,sICAM-1 and HMGB1 were compared between groups respectively.Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship of plasma Hcy,sICAM-1,HMGB1 with c-IMT.Results:The comparison in plasma Hcy,sICAM-1,HMGB1 and c-IMT among the three groups of patients was of statistical significance(p<.05).The results of correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of plasma Hcy,sICAM-1 and HMGB1 were positively correlated with c-IMT in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(r=.627,.598,.614;p<.05).Conclusions:The expression levels of plasma Hcy,sICAM-1 and HMGB1 are abnormally increased in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,and related to c-IMT,which can provide a strong evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment by detecting their levels in clinical practice.展开更多
Post-translational modifications(PTMs)play a pivotal role in epigenetic regulation and are key pathways for modulating protein functionality.PTMs involve the covalent attachment of distinct chemical groups,such as suc...Post-translational modifications(PTMs)play a pivotal role in epigenetic regulation and are key pathways for modulating protein functionality.PTMs involve the covalent attachment of distinct chemical groups,such as succinyl,crotonyl,and lactyl,at specific protein sites,which alter protein structure,function,stability,and activity,ultimately influencing biological processes.Recently,metabolically derived short-chain acylation modifications(with acyl groups containing fewer than six carbon atoms)have been progressively identified,such as butyrylation,succinylation,crotonylation,and lactylation,differing from traditional acetylation in structure,physicochemical properties,function,and regulation.Aberrant short-chain acyl-PTMs are often associated with tumorigenesis.Research highlights that PTMs like succinylation and lactylation are essential in regulating tumor metabolism,drug resistance,and immune responses.This review elucidates the regulatory mechanisms of eight short-chain acyl-PTMs—butyrylation,succinylation,crotonylation,malonylation,glutarylation,2-hydroxyisobutyrylation,β-hydroxybutyrylation,and lactylation—that are involved in tumor initiation and progression.Their roles in controlling tumor genomic stability,gene transcription,protein stability,enzyme activity,and nuclear localization are summarized,demonstrating their impact on related biological processes such as tumor metabolism,multi-drug resistance,and immune evasion.Additionally,the review provides an overview of current drug research targeting enzymes that regulate PTMs,offering critical insights to advance therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.展开更多
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)is the progressive form of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),and closely associated with a high risk of liver-related morbidity and m...Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)is the progressive form of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),and closely associated with a high risk of liver-related morbidity and mortality.Although enhanced neutrophil infiltration of the liver is a histological hallmark of MASH,the morphological pattern of hepatic neutrophils and their relevance to the definition of MASH remain unknown.This clinicopathological study aimed to determine the association of neutrophilic crown-like structures(CLSs)in liver biopsies and evaluate their relevance to the histological diagnosis of MASH.A total of 483 morbidly obese adults who underwent bariatric surgery were recruited.Neutrophilic CLSs in liver biopsies were detected by immunohistochemistry for neutrophil elastase and proteinase 3.All participants were classified into 4 histological subgroups:no MASLD(118,24.4%),MASLD(76,15.7%),borderline MASH(185,38.3%),and definite MASH(104,21.5%).In the discovery cohort(n=379),the frequency of neutrophilic CLSs increased in line with the severity of liver disease.The number of neutrophilic CLSs was positively correlated with established histological characteristics of MASH.At a cutoff value of<0.3 per 20×microscopic field,the number of neutrophilic CLSs yielded a robust diagnostic accuracy to discriminate no MASLD and MASLD from borderline MASH and definite MASH;a cutoff at>1.3 per 20×microscopic field exhibited a statistically significant accuracy to distinguish definite MASH from other groups(no MASLD,MASLD,and borderline MASH).The significance of neutrophilic CLSs in identifying borderline MASH and definite MASH was confirmed in an external validation cohort(n=104).The frequency of neutrophilic CLSs was significantly higher than that of macrophagic CLSs.In conclusion,neutrophilic CLSs in the liver represent a typical histological characteristic of MASH and may serve as a promising indicator to improve the diagnostic accuracy of MASH during histological assessment of liver biopsies.展开更多
Emerging lipid-modifying agents show potential but lack evidence for the management of uric acid and gout.We aimed to explore the causal effects of lipid traits,lipid-modifying drugs on uric acid levels and risk of go...Emerging lipid-modifying agents show potential but lack evidence for the management of uric acid and gout.We aimed to explore the causal effects of lipid traits,lipid-modifying drugs on uric acid levels and risk of gout.Two-sample MR analyses were performed to investigate the associations of genetically predicted lipid traits(LDL-C,HDL-C and TG)and lipid-modifying drug targets(PCSK9,HMGCR,NPC1L1,CETP,ABCG5/G8,APOB,LDLR,LPL,ANGPTL3,and APOC3)with uric acid levels and gout risk.Validation analyses were performed using the independent cohort of the UK Biobank.Summary-data-based MR was further conducted to estimate the associations of the expression of drug target genes with the outcomes.Genetically predicted lower HDL-C and higher TG were significantly associated with elevated uric acid levels(β(95%CI):-0.11[-0.18,-0.04],p=0.001 for HDL-C;0.18[0.09,0.27],p<0.001 for TG)and increased risk of gout(OR(95%CI):0.83[0.71,0.97],p=0.017 for HDL-C;1.54[1.25,1.91],p<0.001 for TG).Notably,LPL activation among lipid-modifying drug targets demonstrated significant associations with both reduced uric acid levels(β[95%CI]:-0.13[-0.16,-0.10],p<0.001)and decreased risk of gout(OR 95%CI:0.84[0.76,0.93],p=0.001).These findings were corroborated in the UK Biobank dataset.Furthermore,the expression of LPL was significantly associated with lower uric acid levels(β[95%CI]:-0.03[-0.04,-0.01],p=0.002).Our results suggest that LPL activation,which reduces TG levels,holds promise as a candidate drug for the treatment and prevention of hyperuricemia and gout.展开更多
As a new class of luminescent material,atomically precise Au-/Ag-based nanoclusters(NCs)have recently sparked increasing interest in the nanoscience community.The tunability of metal NCs in composition,structure,and s...As a new class of luminescent material,atomically precise Au-/Ag-based nanoclusters(NCs)have recently sparked increasing interest in the nanoscience community.The tunability of metal NCs in composition,structure,and size endows them with distinct advantages in luminescent properties,such as the wide emission wavelength from visible to nearinfrared region.Besides,their well-defined structures provide an excellent opportunity to decipher the photoluminescence(PL)mechanism and its structural dependence.However,most luminescent metal NCs exhibit weak PL emissions with low quantum yields,which greatly impedes their applications.It is thus of paramount importance to develop various strategies to improve the PL intensity and quantum yield.Based on the advances of atomically modified metal NCs with light-emitting enhancement,this minireview summarizes the recent progress of some effective strategies to enhance PL efficiency from three aspects:(1)Heteroatom doping into the template NCs for PL enhancement,illustrated by doped cases with an icosahedral/cubo-octahedral kernel;(2)Surface engineering,including ligand type variation,ligand modification,and surface motif reconstruction;and(3)Structural isomerization,exemplified by the pairs of Au_(25)-sphere/Au_(25)-rod,Au_(38)/Au_(38)S_(2),and fcc-Au_(42)/non-fcc-Au_(42) NCs with quasi-isomeric structures.Finally,several perspectives on the further development of luminescent metal NCs are provided.展开更多
Background:China's Notifiable Disease Reporting System comprehensively collects data on pediatric acute gas-troenteritis cases from all levels of healthcare.This study evaluated the effectiveness of the pentavalen...Background:China's Notifiable Disease Reporting System comprehensively collects data on pediatric acute gas-troenteritis cases from all levels of healthcare.This study evaluated the effectiveness of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against rotavirus gastroenteritis in children under five years of age during seasonal epidemic periods.Methods:Using a test-negative design,we analyzed laboratory data from diarrhea patients aged 2-59 months who sought medical care in Longhua District,Shenzhen,Guangdong Province,China between January 2020 and March 2024.Vaccination history and potential confounders,including sex,household registration status,prema-turity,and birth weight,were collected retrospectively.Directed acyclic graphs were used to identify adjustment variables.Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as(1−adjusted odds ratio)×100%using unconditional logistic regression,comparing rotavirus-positive cases with rotavirus-negative controls.Results:The incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis peaked and then progressively declined from January 2020 through March 2023,with no seasonal resurgence observed in the first quarter of 2023.Analysis of 928 epidemic-season cases(674 RV+;254 RV-)revealed an overall pentavalent rotavirus(RV5)vaccine effectiveness of 79.6%(95%CI:68.9%-86.6%).Dose-specific vaccine effectiveness varied substantially:1 dose vaccine effectiveness registered at 26.7%(95%CI:−162.1%-79.5%),rising to 76.6%(95%CI:46.2%-89.8%)for 2 doses,and reaching 82.7%(95%CI:72.2%-89.2%)for 3 doses.Age-stratified analysis showed vaccine effectiveness of 79.5%(95%CI:56.8%-90.3%)in children aged 2-11 months,83.8%(95%CI:66.4%-92.2%)for 12-23 months,and 79.6%(95%CI:68.9%-86.6%)in those aged 24-35 months,while vaccine effectiveness was 31.2%(95%CI:−251.8%-86.5%)in children aged 36-59 months.Conclusions:A three-dose regimen of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine provides significant effectiveness against rotavirus gastroenteritis for children under 36 months of age during epidemic seasons,thereby alleviating the burden on public health systems.展开更多
Long-distance surface profiling requires a high level of vibration resistance.Here,we propose a heterodyne interferometry scheme that uses two acousto-optic modulators (AOMs) to achieve precise and high-speed heterody...Long-distance surface profiling requires a high level of vibration resistance.Here,we propose a heterodyne interferometry scheme that uses two acousto-optic modulators (AOMs) to achieve precise and high-speed heterodyne phase-shifting frequencies.This solution offers high spatial resolution and effective vibration resistance.We measured the fundamental vibration conditions in the laboratory and simulated the effect of vibration on measurement repeatability across different difference frequencies.Experiments have demonstrated that this method can produce a single 3200 Hz sampling of a1024 pixel×1024 pixel camera within a period of 1.25 ms.The repeatability of measurements at 22 m away is better than 0.8‰ wave root mean square (RMS).展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFA1612900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52103365 and No.12375270)the Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program,China(Grant No.2021ZT09L227).
文摘Fine-grained nuclear graphite is a key material in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors(HTGRs).During air ingress accidents,core graphite components undergo severe oxidation,threatening structural integrity.Therefore,understanding the oxidation behavior of nuclear graphite is essential for reactor safety.The influence of oxidation involves multiple factors,including temperature,sample size,oxidant,impurities,filler type and size,etc.The size of the filler particles plays a crucial role in this study.Five ultrafine-and superfine-grained nuclear graphite samples(5.9-34.4μm)are manufactured using identical raw materials and manufacturing processes.Isothermal oxidation tests conducted at 650℃-750℃ are used to study the oxidation behavior.Additionally,comprehensive characterization is performed to analyze the crystal structure,surface morphology,and nanoscale to microscale pore structure of the samples.Results indicate that oxidation behavior cannot be predicted solely based on filler grain size.Reactive site concentration,characterized by active surface area,dominates the chemical reaction kinetics,whereas pore tortuosity,quantified by the structural parameterΨ,plays a key role in regulating oxidant diffusion.These findings clarify the dual role of microstructure in oxidation mechanisms and establish a theoretical and experimental basis for the design of high-performance nuclear graphite capable of long-term service in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation Research of China(No.41902127,41802157)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(No.ZR2018BD015).
文摘This study aims to determine the variation and controlling factors of shale gas adsorption capacity in reservoirs in the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation and the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation(also referred to as the WF-LMX formations),South China.Based on data obtained using scanning helium ion microscopy(HIM)and nitrogen(N_(2))and methane(CH_(4))adsorption experiments,this study analyzed the organic pore heterogeneity of shales in the WF-LMX formations in well A and its effect on shale gas adsorption.Using the Frenkel-Halsey-Hill(FHH)model,data from N_(2) adsorption experiments were converted into fractal dimensions,which can reflect the complexity and heterogeneity of organic pores while also serving as a novel indicator for quantitatively assessing the pore structure complexity.The results indicate that shales in the WF-LMX formations in well A can be divided into two sections:(Ⅰ)the Wufeng Formation and the lower Longmaxi Formation(depths:ca.2871.0-2898.6 m),and(Ⅱ)the upper Longmaxi Formation(depths:<2871.0 m).Organic pores in Section Ⅰ typically exhibit complex internal structures,coarse surfaces,and interconnectivity,whereas those in Section Ⅱ are simple,smooth,and isolated.Moreover,the former possesses larger specific surface areas(SSAs)than the latter.A fractal analysis reveals that organic pores in the shale sequence can be classified into micropores(<2 nm),mesopores(2-10 nm),and macropores(>10 nm).The calculated fractal dimensions show greater heterogeneity of organic pores,especially macropores,in Section Ⅰ compared to Section Ⅱ.The results also reveal that organic macropores are the primary pores controlling the SSAs of organic pores in shale reservoirs in the WF-LMX formations.Organic pores in Section Ⅰ manifest a superior shale gas adsorption capacity compared to Section Ⅱ.The heterogeneity of organic pores might affect the adsorption capacity of shales in the formations.Generally,organic macropores in Section Ⅰ of the shale sequence exhibit more complex structures and larger SSAs,leading to a stronger absorption capacity of shale reservoirs in Section Ⅰ compared to Section Ⅱ.
基金supported by the Joint Research program for Eco-logical Conservation and High-quality Development of the Yellow River Basin(Grant No.2022-YRUC-01-0103)Watershed Non-point Source Pollution Prevention and Control Technology and Application Demon-stration Project(Grant No.2021YFC3201505)+3 种基金the National Key Re-search and Development Project(Grant No.2016YFC0502106)the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41476161)the Spe-cial Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42442035)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Uni-versities.
文摘Coastal cities hold a special position in the fields of production,living,and ecological research because of their unique wetland resource advantages.However,with global urbanization and rapid economic development,con-flicts among production,living and ecological land are prevalent in coastal cities in the process of maintaining sustainable wetland resources and further developing the social economy.By establishing an SD-PLUS-CCD cou-pling model,this paper analysed the evolution characteristics and driving mechanism of the production-living-ecological space(PLES)and the effects of wetland protection(WLP)on promoting or inhibiting the coordinated development of the PLES in Dongying city during 2005-2060.The results show that(1)from 2005 to 2020,the increase in urban population resulted in a significant transfer of arable land and a reduction of 914 km2 in pro-duction space(PS);(2)from 2020 to 2060,under the WLP scenario,the conversion of wetland ecological space will reduce the PS and living space(LS)by 193.92 km2 and 107.14 km2,respectively,and increase the ecological space(ES)by 327.52 km2;and(3)wetland protection has an inhibitory effect on the coordinated development of PLES in the study area,and the total proportion of noncoordinated areas of PE and living-ecological space will continue to increase during the simulation period.This paper provides a solid theoretical support for the sustain-able management and protection of wetlands in coastal cities and possible PLES conflict patterns and provides a scientific basis for future territorial spatial planning and policy balance analysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31802094,31772634)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20180531)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China(Nos.2018 M632320,2019 T120436)the Open Project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology(No.klab201710).
文摘Background:Intestinal disorder is an important factor contributing to growth lag and high rates of morbidity and mortality of piglets with intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR).Resveratrol(RSV)and its derivative pterostilbene(PT)are natural stilbenes possessing various bioactivities,such as antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.This study compared the protective potential of RSV and PT on the intestinal redox status and gut microbiota in weanling piglets with IUGR.Methods:Eighteen male piglets of normal body weight(NBW)and 54 same-sex IUGR piglets were chosen according to their birth and weaning weights.The NBW piglets accepted a basal diet,while the IUGR piglets were allotted to one of three groups according to their body weight at weaning and received a basal diet,an RSV-supplemented diet(300 mg/kg),or a PT-supplemented diet(300 mg/kg),respectively.Results:Compared with IUGR piglets,both RSV and PT improved the IUGR-associated decrease in jejunal villus height and increases in plasma diamine oxidase activity and D-lactate level and jejunal apoptosis of piglets(P<0.05).Administering RSV and PT also enhanced jejunal superoxide dismutase activity and the mRNA and protein expression of superoxide dismutase 2 of IUGR piglets by promoting nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)nuclear translocation(P<0.05).Comparatively,PT was more effective than RSV in elevating the villus height/crypt depth ratio and occludin mRNA and protein levels in the jejunum of IUGR piglets(P<0.05).PT was also superior to RSV in increasing Nrf2 nuclear translocation and inhibiting malondialdehyde accumulation in the jejunum of IUGR piglets(P<0.05).Additionally,RSV modulated the composition of cecal microbiota of IUGR piglets,as evidenced by increasing the prevalence of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the genera Prevotella,Faecalibacterium,and Parabacteroides and inhibiting the growth of the phylum Proteobacteria and its genera Escherichia and Actinobacillus(P<0.05).Moreover,RSV significantly increased the butyrate concentration in the cecum of IUGR piglets(P<0.05).Conclusion:PT is more potent than RSV to prevent intestinal oxidative stress,while RSV has a stronger capacity to regulate gut microbiota compared to PT.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51890881)。
文摘As electro-hydrostatic actuator(EHA)technology advances towards lightweight and integration,the demand for enhanced internal flow pathways in hydraulic valve blocks intensifies.However,owing to the constraints imposed by traditional manufacturing processes,conventional hydraulic integrated valve blocks fail to satisfy the demands of a more compact channel layout and lower energy dissipation.Notably,the subjectivity in the arrangement of internal passages results in a time-consuming and labor-intensive process.This study employed additive manufacturing technology and the ant colony algorithm and B-spline curves for the meticulous design of internal passages within an aviation EHA valve block.The layout environment for the valve block passages was established,and path optimization was achieved using the ant colony algorithm,complemented by smoothing using B-spline curves.Three-dimensional modeling was performed using SolidWorks software,revealing a 10.03%reduction in volume for the optimized passages compared with the original passages.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations were performed using Fluent software,demonstrating that the algorithmically optimized passages effectively prevented the occurrence of vortices at right-angled locations,exhibited superior flow characteristics,and concurrently reduced pressure losses by 34.09%-36.36%.The small discrepancy between the experimental and simulation results validated the efficacy of the ant colony algorithm and B-spline curves in optimizing the passage design,offering a viable solution for channel design in additive manufacturing.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41676120。
文摘The size-spectrum model has been considered a useful tool for understanding the structures of marine ecosystems and examining management implications for fisheries.Based on Chinese tuna longline observer data from the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean and published data,we developed and calibrated a multispecies size-spectrum model of twenty common and commercially important species in this area.We then use the model to project the status of the species from 2016 to 2050 under five constant-fishing-mortality management scenarios:(1)F=0;(2)F=F_(recent),the average fishing mortality from 2013 to 2015;(3)F=0.5F_(recent);(4)F=2F_(recent) and(5)F=3F_(recent).Several ecological indicators were used to track the dynamics of the community structure under different levels of fishing,including the mean body weight,slope of community size spectra(Slope),and total biomass.The validation demonstrated that size-at-age data of nine main catch species between our model predictions and those empirical data from assessments by the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission matched well,with the R^(2)>0.9.The direct effect of fishing was the decreasing abundance of large-sized individuals.The mean body weight in the community decreased by~1500 g(21%)by 2050 when F doubled from F_(recent) to 2F_(recent).The higher the fishing mortality,the steeper the Slope was.The projection also indicated that fishing impacts reflected by the total biomass did not increase proportionally with the increasing fishing mortality.The biomass of the main target tuna species was still abundant over the projection period under the recent fishing mortality,except Albacore tuna(Thunnus alalunga).For sharks and billfishes,their biomass remained at relatively higher levels only under the F=0 scenario.The results can serve as a scientific reference for alternative management strategies in the tropical Pacific Ocean.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 22022406,21861132016 and 21775074)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(grants 20JCJQJC00110and 20JCYBJC00590)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities-Nankai University(000082)the 111 project(B12015)the National Key R&D Program(2017YFA0206702)。
文摘Plasmonic nanomaterials are sources of light,heat and electrons at nanometer scale.Given the outstanding performance in harvesting and converting solar energy under visible light irradiation,hybrid nanomaterials with plasmonic activity have recently emerged as a new class of advanced photocatalysts.Because of the enhanced charge-separation at hybrid interfaces,the hybrids usually exhibit higher catalytic activity compared with their monometallic counterparts.Here,we review the recent progress on synthesis of plasmonic hybrid nanomaterials and their applications in photocatalysis,including H2 production,CO_(2) reduction and N2 fixation.We hope this review will give systematic and valuable reference on plasmonic solar to chemical energy conversion.
文摘The rapid development of electric buses has brought a surge in the number of bus hubs and their charging and discharging capacities.Therefore,the location and construction scale of bus hubs will greatly affect the operation costs and benefits of an urban distribution network in the future.Through the scientific and reasonable planning of public transport hubs on the premise of meeting the needs of basic public transport services,it can reduce the negative impact of electric bus charging loads upon the power grids.Furthermore,it can use its flexible operation characteristics to provide flexible support for the distribution network.In this paper,taking the impact of public transport hub on the reliability of distribution network as the starting point,a three-level programming optimization model based on the value and economy of distribution network load loss is proposed.Through the upper model,several planning schemes can be generated,which provides boundary conditions for the expansion of middle-level optimization.The normal operation dispatching scheme of public transport hub obtained from the middle-level optimization results provides boundary conditions for the development of lower level optimization.Through the lower level optimization,the expected load loss of the whole distribution system including bus hub under the planning scheme given by the upper level can be obtained.The effectiveness of the model is verified by an IEEE-33 bus example.
文摘Along with the rapid development of internet,CRM has become one of the most important facts leading the enterprises to be competent.At the same time,the analytical CRM based on Date Warehouse is the kernel of CRM system.This paper mainly explains the idea of CRM and the DW model of analytical CRM system.
文摘Objective:To explore the relationship of plasma homocysteine(Hcy),soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1)and high mobility group box 1 protein(HMGB1)with carotid intima-media thickness(c-IMT)in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:A total of 100 elderly patients who were diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus in Baogang Hospital of Inner Mongolia from June 2017 to May 2020 were chosen as research objects.According to c-IMT,they were divided into the normal group(n=35),the mild to moderate group(n=41)and the severe group(n=24).The expression levels of plasma Hcy,sICAM-1 and HMGB1 were compared between groups respectively.Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship of plasma Hcy,sICAM-1,HMGB1 with c-IMT.Results:The comparison in plasma Hcy,sICAM-1,HMGB1 and c-IMT among the three groups of patients was of statistical significance(p<.05).The results of correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of plasma Hcy,sICAM-1 and HMGB1 were positively correlated with c-IMT in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(r=.627,.598,.614;p<.05).Conclusions:The expression levels of plasma Hcy,sICAM-1 and HMGB1 are abnormally increased in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,and related to c-IMT,which can provide a strong evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment by detecting their levels in clinical practice.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82272915Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of China Medical University,Grant/Award Number:CXTD2022007+3 种基金Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation,Grant/Award Number:Y-Gilead2024-PT-0201China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Numbers:2023MD734246,2025T180577Liaoning Province Natural Science Foundation Joint Fund,Grant/Award Number:2023-MSLH-396Doctoral Start-up Foundation of Liaoning Province,Grant/Award Number:2024-BS-066。
文摘Post-translational modifications(PTMs)play a pivotal role in epigenetic regulation and are key pathways for modulating protein functionality.PTMs involve the covalent attachment of distinct chemical groups,such as succinyl,crotonyl,and lactyl,at specific protein sites,which alter protein structure,function,stability,and activity,ultimately influencing biological processes.Recently,metabolically derived short-chain acylation modifications(with acyl groups containing fewer than six carbon atoms)have been progressively identified,such as butyrylation,succinylation,crotonylation,and lactylation,differing from traditional acetylation in structure,physicochemical properties,function,and regulation.Aberrant short-chain acyl-PTMs are often associated with tumorigenesis.Research highlights that PTMs like succinylation and lactylation are essential in regulating tumor metabolism,drug resistance,and immune responses.This review elucidates the regulatory mechanisms of eight short-chain acyl-PTMs—butyrylation,succinylation,crotonylation,malonylation,glutarylation,2-hydroxyisobutyrylation,β-hydroxybutyrylation,and lactylation—that are involved in tumor initiation and progression.Their roles in controlling tumor genomic stability,gene transcription,protein stability,enzyme activity,and nuclear localization are summarized,demonstrating their impact on related biological processes such as tumor metabolism,multi-drug resistance,and immune evasion.Additionally,the review provides an overview of current drug research targeting enzymes that regulate PTMs,offering critical insights to advance therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
基金financially supported by NSFC(82374171 and 81570701)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2024A1515012945)the Key Laboratory of Model Animal Phenotyping and Basic Research in Metabolic Diseases(2018KSYS003).
文摘Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)is the progressive form of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),and closely associated with a high risk of liver-related morbidity and mortality.Although enhanced neutrophil infiltration of the liver is a histological hallmark of MASH,the morphological pattern of hepatic neutrophils and their relevance to the definition of MASH remain unknown.This clinicopathological study aimed to determine the association of neutrophilic crown-like structures(CLSs)in liver biopsies and evaluate their relevance to the histological diagnosis of MASH.A total of 483 morbidly obese adults who underwent bariatric surgery were recruited.Neutrophilic CLSs in liver biopsies were detected by immunohistochemistry for neutrophil elastase and proteinase 3.All participants were classified into 4 histological subgroups:no MASLD(118,24.4%),MASLD(76,15.7%),borderline MASH(185,38.3%),and definite MASH(104,21.5%).In the discovery cohort(n=379),the frequency of neutrophilic CLSs increased in line with the severity of liver disease.The number of neutrophilic CLSs was positively correlated with established histological characteristics of MASH.At a cutoff value of<0.3 per 20×microscopic field,the number of neutrophilic CLSs yielded a robust diagnostic accuracy to discriminate no MASLD and MASLD from borderline MASH and definite MASH;a cutoff at>1.3 per 20×microscopic field exhibited a statistically significant accuracy to distinguish definite MASH from other groups(no MASLD,MASLD,and borderline MASH).The significance of neutrophilic CLSs in identifying borderline MASH and definite MASH was confirmed in an external validation cohort(n=104).The frequency of neutrophilic CLSs was significantly higher than that of macrophagic CLSs.In conclusion,neutrophilic CLSs in the liver represent a typical histological characteristic of MASH and may serve as a promising indicator to improve the diagnostic accuracy of MASH during histological assessment of liver biopsies.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515013260,2023A1515012624,2023A1515010425)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20220530145210024,JCYJ20220531091200001,ZDSYS20230626091203007)Shenzhen Longhua Science and Innovation program(LHKJCXJCYJ202004).
文摘Emerging lipid-modifying agents show potential but lack evidence for the management of uric acid and gout.We aimed to explore the causal effects of lipid traits,lipid-modifying drugs on uric acid levels and risk of gout.Two-sample MR analyses were performed to investigate the associations of genetically predicted lipid traits(LDL-C,HDL-C and TG)and lipid-modifying drug targets(PCSK9,HMGCR,NPC1L1,CETP,ABCG5/G8,APOB,LDLR,LPL,ANGPTL3,and APOC3)with uric acid levels and gout risk.Validation analyses were performed using the independent cohort of the UK Biobank.Summary-data-based MR was further conducted to estimate the associations of the expression of drug target genes with the outcomes.Genetically predicted lower HDL-C and higher TG were significantly associated with elevated uric acid levels(β(95%CI):-0.11[-0.18,-0.04],p=0.001 for HDL-C;0.18[0.09,0.27],p<0.001 for TG)and increased risk of gout(OR(95%CI):0.83[0.71,0.97],p=0.017 for HDL-C;1.54[1.25,1.91],p<0.001 for TG).Notably,LPL activation among lipid-modifying drug targets demonstrated significant associations with both reduced uric acid levels(β[95%CI]:-0.13[-0.16,-0.10],p<0.001)and decreased risk of gout(OR 95%CI:0.84[0.76,0.93],p=0.001).These findings were corroborated in the UK Biobank dataset.Furthermore,the expression of LPL was significantly associated with lower uric acid levels(β[95%CI]:-0.03[-0.04,-0.01],p=0.002).Our results suggest that LPL activation,which reduces TG levels,holds promise as a candidate drug for the treatment and prevention of hyperuricemia and gout.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.22125202 and 22101128)the International Cooperation and Exchanges of NSFC(grant no.22361132540).
文摘As a new class of luminescent material,atomically precise Au-/Ag-based nanoclusters(NCs)have recently sparked increasing interest in the nanoscience community.The tunability of metal NCs in composition,structure,and size endows them with distinct advantages in luminescent properties,such as the wide emission wavelength from visible to nearinfrared region.Besides,their well-defined structures provide an excellent opportunity to decipher the photoluminescence(PL)mechanism and its structural dependence.However,most luminescent metal NCs exhibit weak PL emissions with low quantum yields,which greatly impedes their applications.It is thus of paramount importance to develop various strategies to improve the PL intensity and quantum yield.Based on the advances of atomically modified metal NCs with light-emitting enhancement,this minireview summarizes the recent progress of some effective strategies to enhance PL efficiency from three aspects:(1)Heteroatom doping into the template NCs for PL enhancement,illustrated by doped cases with an icosahedral/cubo-octahedral kernel;(2)Surface engineering,including ligand type variation,ligand modification,and surface motif reconstruction;and(3)Structural isomerization,exemplified by the pairs of Au_(25)-sphere/Au_(25)-rod,Au_(38)/Au_(38)S_(2),and fcc-Au_(42)/non-fcc-Au_(42) NCs with quasi-isomeric structures.Finally,several perspectives on the further development of luminescent metal NCs are provided.
基金supported by the Longhua District Medical Research Grant(Grant Nos:2021097,2021132,and 2023026)the Shenzhen Longhua District Science and Innovation Program(No.LHKJCXJCYJ202004)+2 种基金the Shenzhen San-Ming Project(No.SZSM201809085)the Medical Science and Technology Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(A2023248)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program(No.JCYJ20210324123005014).
文摘Background:China's Notifiable Disease Reporting System comprehensively collects data on pediatric acute gas-troenteritis cases from all levels of healthcare.This study evaluated the effectiveness of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against rotavirus gastroenteritis in children under five years of age during seasonal epidemic periods.Methods:Using a test-negative design,we analyzed laboratory data from diarrhea patients aged 2-59 months who sought medical care in Longhua District,Shenzhen,Guangdong Province,China between January 2020 and March 2024.Vaccination history and potential confounders,including sex,household registration status,prema-turity,and birth weight,were collected retrospectively.Directed acyclic graphs were used to identify adjustment variables.Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as(1−adjusted odds ratio)×100%using unconditional logistic regression,comparing rotavirus-positive cases with rotavirus-negative controls.Results:The incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis peaked and then progressively declined from January 2020 through March 2023,with no seasonal resurgence observed in the first quarter of 2023.Analysis of 928 epidemic-season cases(674 RV+;254 RV-)revealed an overall pentavalent rotavirus(RV5)vaccine effectiveness of 79.6%(95%CI:68.9%-86.6%).Dose-specific vaccine effectiveness varied substantially:1 dose vaccine effectiveness registered at 26.7%(95%CI:−162.1%-79.5%),rising to 76.6%(95%CI:46.2%-89.8%)for 2 doses,and reaching 82.7%(95%CI:72.2%-89.2%)for 3 doses.Age-stratified analysis showed vaccine effectiveness of 79.5%(95%CI:56.8%-90.3%)in children aged 2-11 months,83.8%(95%CI:66.4%-92.2%)for 12-23 months,and 79.6%(95%CI:68.9%-86.6%)in those aged 24-35 months,while vaccine effectiveness was 31.2%(95%CI:−251.8%-86.5%)in children aged 36-59 months.Conclusions:A three-dose regimen of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine provides significant effectiveness against rotavirus gastroenteritis for children under 36 months of age during epidemic seasons,thereby alleviating the burden on public health systems.
基金supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association (CAS) (No. 2020131)the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2022YFF0706300)。
文摘Long-distance surface profiling requires a high level of vibration resistance.Here,we propose a heterodyne interferometry scheme that uses two acousto-optic modulators (AOMs) to achieve precise and high-speed heterodyne phase-shifting frequencies.This solution offers high spatial resolution and effective vibration resistance.We measured the fundamental vibration conditions in the laboratory and simulated the effect of vibration on measurement repeatability across different difference frequencies.Experiments have demonstrated that this method can produce a single 3200 Hz sampling of a1024 pixel×1024 pixel camera within a period of 1.25 ms.The repeatability of measurements at 22 m away is better than 0.8‰ wave root mean square (RMS).
