The strong corrosion resistance and corrosion behavior of the FeNiCoCrW_(0.2)Al_(0.1) high-entropy alloy in 3.5 wt%NaCl solution was investigated.In order to explain the Cl−induced degradation of diferent metal oxides...The strong corrosion resistance and corrosion behavior of the FeNiCoCrW_(0.2)Al_(0.1) high-entropy alloy in 3.5 wt%NaCl solution was investigated.In order to explain the Cl−induced degradation of diferent metal oxides on the surface of the passivate film,the energy required for the interaction of the corrosion oxidation products NiO,CoO,Fe_(2)O_(3),and Cr_(2)O_(3) surfaces with Cl−is compared and calculated based on the assumptions of the point defect model and the density functional theory by using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for the analysis of the monodouble-layer structure and elemental compositions of passivate film in the corrosion process.The combined experimental and simulation results showed that the alloy passivates naturally in air,forming a single passivation layer.The compositional layering of the passivation film in 3.5 wt%NaCl solution occurred with the increase of the contact time with NaCl.A doublelayer passivation with a two-layered combinatorial structure was formed due to the imbalanced depletion of Co and Fe during corrosion,and that the dense outer structure of this high-entropy alloy,which was made up of NiO and Cr_(2)O_(3),provided the predominantly high corrosion resistance.This paper provided a new perspective to study the strong corrosion resistance of FeNiCoCr-based high-entropy alloys.展开更多
After binding to the estrogen receptor, estrogen can alleviate the toxic effects of beta-amyloid protein, and thereby exert a therapeutic effect on Alzheimer＇s disease patients. Estrogen can increase the incidence of...After binding to the estrogen receptor, estrogen can alleviate the toxic effects of beta-amyloid protein, and thereby exert a therapeutic effect on Alzheimer＇s disease patients. Estrogen can increase the incidence of breast carcinoma and endometrial cancer in post-menopausal women, so it is not suitable for clinical treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease. There is recent evidence that the estrogen receptor can exert its neuroprotective effects without estrogen dependence. Real-time quantitative PCR and flow cytometry results showed that, compared with non-transfected PC12 cells, adenovirus-mediated estrogen receptor β gene-transfected PC12 cells exhibited lower expression of tumor necrosis factor a and interleukin 1β under stimulation with beta-amyloid protein and stronger protection from apoptosis. The Akt-specific inhibitor Abi-2 decreased the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of estrogen receptor β gene-transfection. These findings suggest that overexpression of estrogen receptor β can alleviate the toxic effect of beta-amyloid protein on PC12 cells, without estrogen dependence. The Akt pathway is one of the potential means for the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of the estrogen receptor.展开更多
A Chinese scientist, Jiankui He, and his creation of the world ' s first genetically altered baby made headlines recently. As a newly developed gene-editing technique, the CRISPR/Cas system should not be applied t...A Chinese scientist, Jiankui He, and his creation of the world ' s first genetically altered baby made headlines recently. As a newly developed gene-editing technique, the CRISPR/Cas system should not be applied to human beings for reproductive purposes until it has been extensively tested. However, numerous experimental research studies in human somatic, germline cells, and even in embryos, have been conducted, which have shown CRISPR/Cas to be a useful tool for human genome editing and a potential therapeutic method for future clinical use.展开更多
Geomagnetic storm events have a strong influence on the ionosphere–thermosphere(I-T)coupling system.Analyzing the regional response process of the I-T system and its differences across the northern and southern hemis...Geomagnetic storm events have a strong influence on the ionosphere–thermosphere(I-T)coupling system.Analyzing the regional response process of the I-T system and its differences across the northern and southern hemispheres is an important but challenging task.In this study,we used a combination of multiple observations and a model simulation to examine the north–south hemispheric difference in the I-T coupling system in the American and Asian sectors during the geomagnetic superstorm that occurred in May 2024.Observations of the total electron content(TEC)showed that the Asian sector had negative storms in the northern hemisphere and positive storms in the southern hemisphere,a process that exacerbated the hemispheric differences in the TEC.However,both hemispheres of the American sector showed negative storms.The thermospheric composition changes also differed between the two sectors,and their variation could partially explain the hemispheric differences caused by positive and negative storms.Moreover,the influence of the thermospheric density change was less than that of the thermospheric composition.Finally,the dynamic effect of the thermospheric wind and the plasma transport processes strongly modulated the north–south differences in the TEC at nighttime in the American and Asian sectors,respectively,during this superstorm.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?Residential air pollution can cause a large disease burden,and residential air quality is directly influenced by residential fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)).Residential PM_(2.5...What is already known about this topic?Residential air pollution can cause a large disease burden,and residential air quality is directly influenced by residential fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)).Residential PM_(2.5) pollution is of critical concern in China given that the characteristics and influencing factors of residential PM_(2.5) in China are not clear.What is added by this report?This study focuseed on residential PM_(2.5) concentration of 12 cities with the on-site investigation in 2018,and provided the latest characteristics and potential influencing factors of residential PM_(2.5) under general living scenarios in China.What are the implications for public health practice?This study suggested that the control of residential PM_(2.5) pollution should be reinforced with revised indoor air quality standards under obvious spatial diversity.展开更多
The efficient management of skin wounds for rapid and scarless healing represents a major clinical unmet need.Nonhealing skin wounds and undesired scar formation impair quality of life and result in high healthcare ex...The efficient management of skin wounds for rapid and scarless healing represents a major clinical unmet need.Nonhealing skin wounds and undesired scar formation impair quality of life and result in high healthcare expenditure worldwide.The skin-colonizing microbiota contributes to maintaining an intact skin barrier in homeostasis,but it also participates in the pathogenesis of many skin disorders,including aberrant wound healing,in many respects.This review focuses on the composition of the skin microbiome in cutaneous wounds of different types(i.e.acute and chronic)and with different outcomes(i.e.nonhealing and hypertrophic scarring),mainly based on next-generation sequencing analyses;furthermore,we discuss the mechanistic insights into host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions during wound healing.Finally,we highlight potential therapeutic strategies that target the skin microbiome to improve healing outcomes.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.20ZR1424000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52305214)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2023YFSY0004).
文摘The strong corrosion resistance and corrosion behavior of the FeNiCoCrW_(0.2)Al_(0.1) high-entropy alloy in 3.5 wt%NaCl solution was investigated.In order to explain the Cl−induced degradation of diferent metal oxides on the surface of the passivate film,the energy required for the interaction of the corrosion oxidation products NiO,CoO,Fe_(2)O_(3),and Cr_(2)O_(3) surfaces with Cl−is compared and calculated based on the assumptions of the point defect model and the density functional theory by using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for the analysis of the monodouble-layer structure and elemental compositions of passivate film in the corrosion process.The combined experimental and simulation results showed that the alloy passivates naturally in air,forming a single passivation layer.The compositional layering of the passivation film in 3.5 wt%NaCl solution occurred with the increase of the contact time with NaCl.A doublelayer passivation with a two-layered combinatorial structure was formed due to the imbalanced depletion of Co and Fe during corrosion,and that the dense outer structure of this high-entropy alloy,which was made up of NiO and Cr_(2)O_(3),provided the predominantly high corrosion resistance.This paper provided a new perspective to study the strong corrosion resistance of FeNiCoCr-based high-entropy alloys.
文摘After binding to the estrogen receptor, estrogen can alleviate the toxic effects of beta-amyloid protein, and thereby exert a therapeutic effect on Alzheimer＇s disease patients. Estrogen can increase the incidence of breast carcinoma and endometrial cancer in post-menopausal women, so it is not suitable for clinical treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease. There is recent evidence that the estrogen receptor can exert its neuroprotective effects without estrogen dependence. Real-time quantitative PCR and flow cytometry results showed that, compared with non-transfected PC12 cells, adenovirus-mediated estrogen receptor β gene-transfected PC12 cells exhibited lower expression of tumor necrosis factor a and interleukin 1β under stimulation with beta-amyloid protein and stronger protection from apoptosis. The Akt-specific inhibitor Abi-2 decreased the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of estrogen receptor β gene-transfection. These findings suggest that overexpression of estrogen receptor β can alleviate the toxic effect of beta-amyloid protein on PC12 cells, without estrogen dependence. The Akt pathway is one of the potential means for the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of the estrogen receptor.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2016YFA0100103CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,Grant/Award Number:2016-I2M-3-002
文摘A Chinese scientist, Jiankui He, and his creation of the world ' s first genetically altered baby made headlines recently. As a newly developed gene-editing technique, the CRISPR/Cas system should not be applied to human beings for reproductive purposes until it has been extensively tested. However, numerous experimental research studies in human somatic, germline cells, and even in embryos, have been conducted, which have shown CRISPR/Cas to be a useful tool for human genome editing and a potential therapeutic method for future clinical use.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42030202, 42241115, and 42174204)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2023M743467)+2 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. Y202021)the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFF0504400)the Opening Funding of the Chinese Academy of Sciences dedicated to the Chinese Meridian Project
文摘Geomagnetic storm events have a strong influence on the ionosphere–thermosphere(I-T)coupling system.Analyzing the regional response process of the I-T system and its differences across the northern and southern hemispheres is an important but challenging task.In this study,we used a combination of multiple observations and a model simulation to examine the north–south hemispheric difference in the I-T coupling system in the American and Asian sectors during the geomagnetic superstorm that occurred in May 2024.Observations of the total electron content(TEC)showed that the Asian sector had negative storms in the northern hemisphere and positive storms in the southern hemisphere,a process that exacerbated the hemispheric differences in the TEC.However,both hemispheres of the American sector showed negative storms.The thermospheric composition changes also differed between the two sectors,and their variation could partially explain the hemispheric differences caused by positive and negative storms.Moreover,the influence of the thermospheric density change was less than that of the thermospheric composition.Finally,the dynamic effect of the thermospheric wind and the plasma transport processes strongly modulated the north–south differences in the TEC at nighttime in the American and Asian sectors,respectively,during this superstorm.
基金funded partially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21976169)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,China(No.8182055)the Opening Fund of State Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Built Environment,China(No.BSBE2017-09).
文摘What is already known about this topic?Residential air pollution can cause a large disease burden,and residential air quality is directly influenced by residential fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)).Residential PM_(2.5) pollution is of critical concern in China given that the characteristics and influencing factors of residential PM_(2.5) in China are not clear.What is added by this report?This study focuseed on residential PM_(2.5) concentration of 12 cities with the on-site investigation in 2018,and provided the latest characteristics and potential influencing factors of residential PM_(2.5) under general living scenarios in China.What are the implications for public health practice?This study suggested that the control of residential PM_(2.5) pollution should be reinforced with revised indoor air quality standards under obvious spatial diversity.
基金supported by National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding,grant Nos.2022-PUMCH-B-041,2022-PUMCH-A-210 and 2022-PUMCH-C-025National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant No.81971846。
文摘The efficient management of skin wounds for rapid and scarless healing represents a major clinical unmet need.Nonhealing skin wounds and undesired scar formation impair quality of life and result in high healthcare expenditure worldwide.The skin-colonizing microbiota contributes to maintaining an intact skin barrier in homeostasis,but it also participates in the pathogenesis of many skin disorders,including aberrant wound healing,in many respects.This review focuses on the composition of the skin microbiome in cutaneous wounds of different types(i.e.acute and chronic)and with different outcomes(i.e.nonhealing and hypertrophic scarring),mainly based on next-generation sequencing analyses;furthermore,we discuss the mechanistic insights into host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions during wound healing.Finally,we highlight potential therapeutic strategies that target the skin microbiome to improve healing outcomes.
