Background Piglets are highly susceptible to oxidative stress,which can reduce growth performance and cause intestinal damage.Piceatannol(PIC),a natural bioactive substance enriched in Chinese rhubarb(Rheum officinale...Background Piglets are highly susceptible to oxidative stress,which can reduce growth performance and cause intestinal damage.Piceatannol(PIC),a natural bioactive substance enriched in Chinese rhubarb(Rheum officinale)and certain dark purple fruits,shows excellent antioxidant properties in our previous cell-based high-throughput screening.However,its effect on piglet growth performance and antioxidant capacity as well as underling mechanism has not been thoroughly investigated.Methods One hundred weaned pigs(28 days of age,8.71±0.20 kg)were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 5 replicates of 5 pigs per replicate.The experimental diets consisted of:1)basal diet,2)basal diet+100 mg/kg PIC,3)basal diet+200 mg/kg PIC,and 4)basal diet+300 mg/kg PIC.On d 15 and 35,one pig from each replicate was selected for sampling.The growth performance was monitored during a 35-day trial.In addition,H_(2)O_(2)-challenged IPEC-J2 cells served as an in vitro model to investigate the antioxidant mechanisms of PIC.IPEC-J2 cells were treated with 1,000μmol/L H_(2)O_(2)in the presence or absence of 10μmol/L PIC.Results Dietary PIC at 200 mg/kg significantly enhanced growth performance,as evidenced by increased average daily gain and feed conversion rate(P<0.05).PIC supplementation markedly improved systemic antioxidant capacity,with elevated serum total antioxidant capacity,catalase activity,and glutathione levels,along with reduced malondialdehyde content(P<0.05).Notably,PIC modulated the gut microbiota composition,increasing the amounts of beneficial genera(e.g.,Blautia and Faecalibacterium),and these microbial shifts significantly correlated with improved antioxidant indices.In vitro,PIC pretreatment effectively protected IPEC-J2 cells against H_(2)O_(2)-induced oxidative damage by reducing reactive oxygen species generation and lipid peroxidation(P<0.01).Mechanistically,PIC exerts its antioxidant effects through Nrf2 pathway activation,upregulating endogenous antioxidant enzymes(P<0.05)while simultaneously inhibiting apoptosis via the regulation of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and caspase-3 cleavage(P<0.01).Conclusions PIC improved the growth performance and health status of weaned piglets through the regulation of Nrf2-mediated redox homeostasis and modulation of the related gut microbiota,offering a potential new natural antioxidants for mitigating weaning stress in piglets.展开更多
A quantitative analysis of the porosity,pore size distribution,and fractal dimensions of pores is significant for studying the pore structure characteristics of coal.This study utilized 12 anthracite coal samples from...A quantitative analysis of the porosity,pore size distribution,and fractal dimensions of pores is significant for studying the pore structure characteristics of coal.This study utilized 12 anthracite coal samples from the Sihe mining area to explore the pore structure characteristics of the coal therein.Hundred randomly selected points on each sliced coal sample were imaged via scanning electron microscopy,and a total of 1200 images were used for the analysis.The porosity and fractal dimensions of the coal samples were analyzed via digital image processing and box-counting dimension methods.This method is characterized by extensive graphical analysis,and the results are based on statistical methods.These were also used to analyze the structural and development characteristics of the microscopic pores in the coal.The results reveal that the surface porosity obtained via digital image processing was 16.11%lower than that measured experimentally.The fractal dimension and porosity of the pore surface were fitted to a natural logarithmic curve.The rate of change in the pore fractal dimension depends on the porosity such that,to some degree,a greater porosity is associated with more complex pore structures,a higher degree of micropore development,and improved pore connectivity.展开更多
Permeability of coal reservoirs influence the extraction of coal gas from coal seams.Twelve coal samples were collected at an anticline and a syncline of the No.3 coal seam in the Sihe coal mine.Porosity,permeability,...Permeability of coal reservoirs influence the extraction of coal gas from coal seams.Twelve coal samples were collected at an anticline and a syncline of the No.3 coal seam in the Sihe coal mine.Porosity,permeability,pore size,vitrinite reflectance,and liquid nitrogen adsorption of the samples were evaluated.Structural curvatures at the sample locations,and the distance between the sampling locations and the nearest faults were calculated based on seismic data.The influences of the evaluated parameters on permeability were analyzed.Major factors that influence permeability of the No.3 coal seam were extracted using principal component analysis(PCA).Based on the porosity–permeability model derived from the Archie formula and classic Kozeny–Carman equation,we deduced that the permeability of coal increased with an increase in porosity.With an increase in average vitrinite reflectance,permeability decreases first and then increases.PCA results showed that coal permeability was regulated by three key components representing three modes.The first component included pore size,depth,and pore complexity accounting for 52.59%of the variability indicating that it was the most important in controlling permeability.The second component included specific surface area,structural curvature,and porosity,and the third component comprised of specific surface area,porosity,and average vitrinite reflectance.Overall,pore diameter and complexity had significant effects on coal permeability.The results show that researchers and stakeholders must consider the interactions among multiple factors rather than single factors to understand the influences on permeability to facilitate efficient utilization of coalbed methane resources.展开更多
The use of antibiotics in animal production raises great public safety concerns;therefore,there is an urgent need for the development of substitutes for antibiotics.In recent decades,plant-derived feed additives have ...The use of antibiotics in animal production raises great public safety concerns;therefore,there is an urgent need for the development of substitutes for antibiotics.In recent decades,plant-derived feed additives have been widely investigated as antibiotic alternatives for use in animal health and production because they exert multiple biological functions and are less likely to induce resistance development.This review summarizes the research history and classification of phytogenic feed additives and their main functions,potential modes of action,influencing factors,and potential negative effects.Further,we highlight the challenges in developing sustainable,safe,and affordable plant-derived antibiotic alter-natives for use in livestock production.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Innovation Capacity Building—Science and Technology Research Project of BAAFS(grant No.KJCX20251005)the Special Program on Science and Technology Innovation Capacity Building of BAAFS(grant No.KJCX 20240339)the National Key R&D Program of China(grant No.2022YFD130040311)。
文摘Background Piglets are highly susceptible to oxidative stress,which can reduce growth performance and cause intestinal damage.Piceatannol(PIC),a natural bioactive substance enriched in Chinese rhubarb(Rheum officinale)and certain dark purple fruits,shows excellent antioxidant properties in our previous cell-based high-throughput screening.However,its effect on piglet growth performance and antioxidant capacity as well as underling mechanism has not been thoroughly investigated.Methods One hundred weaned pigs(28 days of age,8.71±0.20 kg)were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 5 replicates of 5 pigs per replicate.The experimental diets consisted of:1)basal diet,2)basal diet+100 mg/kg PIC,3)basal diet+200 mg/kg PIC,and 4)basal diet+300 mg/kg PIC.On d 15 and 35,one pig from each replicate was selected for sampling.The growth performance was monitored during a 35-day trial.In addition,H_(2)O_(2)-challenged IPEC-J2 cells served as an in vitro model to investigate the antioxidant mechanisms of PIC.IPEC-J2 cells were treated with 1,000μmol/L H_(2)O_(2)in the presence or absence of 10μmol/L PIC.Results Dietary PIC at 200 mg/kg significantly enhanced growth performance,as evidenced by increased average daily gain and feed conversion rate(P<0.05).PIC supplementation markedly improved systemic antioxidant capacity,with elevated serum total antioxidant capacity,catalase activity,and glutathione levels,along with reduced malondialdehyde content(P<0.05).Notably,PIC modulated the gut microbiota composition,increasing the amounts of beneficial genera(e.g.,Blautia and Faecalibacterium),and these microbial shifts significantly correlated with improved antioxidant indices.In vitro,PIC pretreatment effectively protected IPEC-J2 cells against H_(2)O_(2)-induced oxidative damage by reducing reactive oxygen species generation and lipid peroxidation(P<0.01).Mechanistically,PIC exerts its antioxidant effects through Nrf2 pathway activation,upregulating endogenous antioxidant enzymes(P<0.05)while simultaneously inhibiting apoptosis via the regulation of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and caspase-3 cleavage(P<0.01).Conclusions PIC improved the growth performance and health status of weaned piglets through the regulation of Nrf2-mediated redox homeostasis and modulation of the related gut microbiota,offering a potential new natural antioxidants for mitigating weaning stress in piglets.
基金This research was in part supported by The National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC0807803)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41402143,50490271,and 40672104)+1 种基金Joint Fund of Coal(U1261203)Science and Technology Major Project from Shanxi Province(MQ2015-02).
文摘A quantitative analysis of the porosity,pore size distribution,and fractal dimensions of pores is significant for studying the pore structure characteristics of coal.This study utilized 12 anthracite coal samples from the Sihe mining area to explore the pore structure characteristics of the coal therein.Hundred randomly selected points on each sliced coal sample were imaged via scanning electron microscopy,and a total of 1200 images were used for the analysis.The porosity and fractal dimensions of the coal samples were analyzed via digital image processing and box-counting dimension methods.This method is characterized by extensive graphical analysis,and the results are based on statistical methods.These were also used to analyze the structural and development characteristics of the microscopic pores in the coal.The results reveal that the surface porosity obtained via digital image processing was 16.11%lower than that measured experimentally.The fractal dimension and porosity of the pore surface were fitted to a natural logarithmic curve.The rate of change in the pore fractal dimension depends on the porosity such that,to some degree,a greater porosity is associated with more complex pore structures,a higher degree of micropore development,and improved pore connectivity.
基金This research was supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC0807803)the Science and Technology Major Project from Shanxi Province(MQ2015-02).
文摘Permeability of coal reservoirs influence the extraction of coal gas from coal seams.Twelve coal samples were collected at an anticline and a syncline of the No.3 coal seam in the Sihe coal mine.Porosity,permeability,pore size,vitrinite reflectance,and liquid nitrogen adsorption of the samples were evaluated.Structural curvatures at the sample locations,and the distance between the sampling locations and the nearest faults were calculated based on seismic data.The influences of the evaluated parameters on permeability were analyzed.Major factors that influence permeability of the No.3 coal seam were extracted using principal component analysis(PCA).Based on the porosity–permeability model derived from the Archie formula and classic Kozeny–Carman equation,we deduced that the permeability of coal increased with an increase in porosity.With an increase in average vitrinite reflectance,permeability decreases first and then increases.PCA results showed that coal permeability was regulated by three key components representing three modes.The first component included pore size,depth,and pore complexity accounting for 52.59%of the variability indicating that it was the most important in controlling permeability.The second component included specific surface area,structural curvature,and porosity,and the third component comprised of specific surface area,porosity,and average vitrinite reflectance.Overall,pore diameter and complexity had significant effects on coal permeability.The results show that researchers and stakeholders must consider the interactions among multiple factors rather than single factors to understand the influences on permeability to facilitate efficient utilization of coalbed methane resources.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(grant No.2022YFD130040311)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.31972576,31972575)+1 种基金the Special Program on Science and Technology Innovation Capacity Building of BAAFS(grant No.KJCX 20240339)the innovation and development project of the Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(grant No.XMS202303).
文摘The use of antibiotics in animal production raises great public safety concerns;therefore,there is an urgent need for the development of substitutes for antibiotics.In recent decades,plant-derived feed additives have been widely investigated as antibiotic alternatives for use in animal health and production because they exert multiple biological functions and are less likely to induce resistance development.This review summarizes the research history and classification of phytogenic feed additives and their main functions,potential modes of action,influencing factors,and potential negative effects.Further,we highlight the challenges in developing sustainable,safe,and affordable plant-derived antibiotic alter-natives for use in livestock production.
