The kagome ferrimagnet TbMn_(6)Sn_(6),featuring a pristine Mn kagome lattice,has emerged as a candidate Chern magnet with a large intrinsic anomalous Hall effect(AHE).While chemical substitution can modulate its prope...The kagome ferrimagnet TbMn_(6)Sn_(6),featuring a pristine Mn kagome lattice,has emerged as a candidate Chern magnet with a large intrinsic anomalous Hall effect(AHE).While chemical substitution can modulate its properties,hydrostatic pressure provides a disorder-free route to manipulate electronic and magnetic interactions.Herein,we investigate the effects of hydrostatic pressure on electrical and magneto-transport in TbMn6Sn6 up to 18.3 GPa.Pressure significantly enhances hysteresis in the magnetoresistance and Hall responses,causing a concurrent monotonic coercive field increase,suggesting the enhancement of interlayer magnetic couplings in a robust c-axis ferrimagnetic order.The intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity increases considerably from 129.5 S·cm^(−1) at ambient pressure conditions to 448.7 S·cm^(−1) at 14.0 GPa—an enhancement of 247%that is unprecedented among pressure-tuned kagome magnets.Based on density functional theory calculations,we reveal that pressure induces multiple gap openings near the Fermi level,giving rise to pronounced Berry curvature hotspots that may contribute to the AHE.Our results show that pressure can be used to enhance the intrinsic topological responses of this kagome magnet.展开更多
A corrosion discoloration model for copper-nickel alloys in Cl^(−)environments was established using CIE-Lab,UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The corrosion discolor...A corrosion discoloration model for copper-nickel alloys in Cl^(−)environments was established using CIE-Lab,UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The corrosion discoloration process and the corresponding main corrosion products can be summarized as follows:silver-white(Cu+Ni)→green(NiO)→reddishbrown(NiO+Cu_(2)O)→black(NiO+Cu_(2)O+CuO).Density functional theory was employed to explain the corrosion process of copper-nickel alloys and the detrimental effect of Cl^(−).The results indicate that adsorbates preferentially bind to nickel,leading to the preferential formation of NiO,which imparts a green appearance to the surface.Furthermore,the difficulty in forming nickel cation vacancies and the higher diffusion barrier for nickel inhibit the migration of species within the oxide layer.Notably,nickel also suppresses carrier migration within the oxide layer,reducing the charge transfer rate.In contrast,the promotion of corrosion by Cl^(−)is primarily attributed to the reduction in surface work function and the formation energy of cation vacancies.展开更多
Electrochemical nitrate reduction(NO_(3)RR)offers a promising avenue for treating nitrate-contaminated water and recovering ammonia(NH_(3)),yet the complexities of direct electron transfer(DET)and hydrogen atom transf...Electrochemical nitrate reduction(NO_(3)RR)offers a promising avenue for treating nitrate-contaminated water and recovering ammonia(NH_(3)),yet the complexities of direct electron transfer(DET)and hydrogen atom transfer(HAT)mechanisms crucial for efficiency remain elusive.This study bridges the gap with a combined experimental and theoretical approach,elucidating the impact of catalyst structure on NO3RR pathways.We discover that catalysts favoring strong NO_(3^(-))adsorption and efficient water dissociation were more inclined towards DET,enhancing denitrification.The Fe@Fe_(3)O_(4)/FF cathode,leveraging the synergistic interplay between metallic Fe and Fe_(3)O_(4),excelled in NO3RR via DET,achieving an NH3yield of 0.28 mmol h-1cm-2and a Faradaic efficiency of 95.7%for NH3at-1.6 V(vs.SCE),with minimal nitrite accumulation at 100 mmol/L nitrate.Conversely,the Fe/FF and Fe_(3)O_(4)/CC cathodes showed reduced NH3production and increased nitrite levels,attributed to the lack of Fe_(3)O_(4)and metallic Fe,respectively,resulting in a dominant HAT mechanism.Moreover,Fe@Fe_(3)O_(4)/FF facilitated complete denitrification in real wastewater treatment by harnessing Cl^(-)for electrochemically mediated breakpoint chlorination.This research not only deepens our understanding of NO3RR mechanisms but also paves the way for designing superior nitrate reduction catalysts.展开更多
LysM proteins contain the lysin domain(LysM),bind chitin and are found in various organisms including fungi.In phytopathogenic fungi,certain LysM proteins act as effectors to inhibit host immunity,thus increasing fung...LysM proteins contain the lysin domain(LysM),bind chitin and are found in various organisms including fungi.In phytopathogenic fungi,certain LysM proteins act as effectors to inhibit host immunity,thus increasing fungal virulence.However,our understanding of the LysM protein family in Setosphaeria turcica is limited.In this study,eight StLysM genes are identified and designated as StLysM1 to StLysM8.The analysis of sequence features indicates that five proteins(StLysM1,StLysM2,StLysM5,StLysM6,and StLysM7)are potential effectors.Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the StLysMs are divided into fungal/bacterial and fungus-specific subclasses.Domain architecture analysis reveals that the five StLysM effectors exclusively harbor the LysM domain,whereas the other three StLysM proteins contain additional functional domains.Sequence conservation analysis shows that the fungal-specific LysM domain sequences share the ^(8)GDxTC^(12) and ^(29)WNP^(31) motifs as well as three highly conserved cysteine residues.Conversely,the LysM domain sequences from the bacterial/fungal branch have few conserved sites.Moreover,expression profiling analysis shows that the StLysM1 gene is significantly upregulated during the infection of maize.Yeast secretion assays and transient expression experiments demonstrate that StLysM1 is a secreted protein that can suppress BAX/INF1-induced programmed cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana.Further functional analysis suggests that St Lys M1 cannot interact with itself but it can bind chitin.The transient expression of StLysM1 inhibits the chitin-triggered plant immune response,increasing susceptibility to the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea in N.benthamiana.This study reveals that the S.turcica LySM protein family consists of eight members,highlighting the significance of StLysM1 as a vital effector in regulating plant immunity.The results provide insight into StLysMs and establish a foundation for understanding the roles of StLysM proteins in the pathogenic process of S.turcica.展开更多
水和甘油的混合溶液为液态组分,丙烯酸(AA)和N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAA)为共聚单体,纳米氧化铝(Al2O3)为交联剂,原位自由基聚合制备了一种具有抗脱水性能的高强度纳米复合水凝胶。扫描电子显微镜表征和力学性质测试结果表明,甘油的加入...水和甘油的混合溶液为液态组分,丙烯酸(AA)和N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAA)为共聚单体,纳米氧化铝(Al2O3)为交联剂,原位自由基聚合制备了一种具有抗脱水性能的高强度纳米复合水凝胶。扫描电子显微镜表征和力学性质测试结果表明,甘油的加入不会影响单体的聚合以及水凝胶三维网络结构的形成。当甘油质量分数从0%增加到40%时,水凝胶的拉伸强度由181. 3 k Pa增加到274. 6 k Pa;进一步增加甘油质量分数至80%,水凝胶的拉伸强度逐渐减小至113. 6 k Pa。热重分析、差示扫描量热法以及抗脱水实验研究结果显示,随着甘油含量的增加,水凝胶在空气中的水分蒸发逐渐降低,显示出优异的抗脱水性能。基于水凝胶优异的力学性质和抗脱水性能,当甘油质量分数为60%和80%时,水凝胶在空气中放置10 d依然能保持与初始制备水凝胶相当的优异力学性质。这种新型水凝胶在人工皮肤、软机器人领域有潜在的应用价值。展开更多
以氧化铝(Al_2O_3)纳米粒子作为无机交联剂,丙烯酰胺(AM)和衣康酸(IA)为单体,原位自由基聚合制备了高强度PAI/Al_2O_3纳米复合水凝胶,并提出了水凝胶的交联机理。对纳米复合水凝胶的力学性质、微观结构和溶胀性质进行了表征。结果表明,...以氧化铝(Al_2O_3)纳米粒子作为无机交联剂,丙烯酰胺(AM)和衣康酸(IA)为单体,原位自由基聚合制备了高强度PAI/Al_2O_3纳米复合水凝胶,并提出了水凝胶的交联机理。对纳米复合水凝胶的力学性质、微观结构和溶胀性质进行了表征。结果表明,制备的水凝胶具有优异力学性能,拉伸和压缩强度分别可达477 k Pa和13.45 MPa。此外,PAI/Al_2O_3纳米复合水凝胶还表现出透明的外观,规整的网络结构,较低的溶胀率以及水驱动的形状记忆行为。因此,这种水凝胶在生物医学领域有广阔的应用前景。展开更多
The accelerated corrosion behavior of copper T2 and brass H62 exposed in simulated Nansha marine atmosphere for different periods were investigated by weight loss method, SEM, XRD and potentiodynamic polarization meas...The accelerated corrosion behavior of copper T2 and brass H62 exposed in simulated Nansha marine atmosphere for different periods were investigated by weight loss method, SEM, XRD and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The results indicate that copper T2 and brass H62 underwent severe corrosion, and the final corrosion rates at 32 days of exposure were 0.24 (μm/d and 0.10 (xm/d, respectively. Moreover, the overall corrosion type of copper T2 was uniform and the corrosion products Cu2O and Cu2C1(OH)3 played a vital role in the corrosion rate of copper. While the dezincification corrosion with zinc preferential dissolution was obvious in brass H62. The predominant phases were the zinc-rich compounds Zn5(OH)8Cl2 H2O, Zni2(SO4)3Cl3(OH)15 5H20 and NaZn4(SO4)Cl(OH)6.6H2O. There existed a large number of copper-rich holes with 20-50μm depth beneath the corrosion product layer.展开更多
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different lactic acid bacteria and yeast strains on the volatile composition of fermented sweet melon juice.Headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spe...The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different lactic acid bacteria and yeast strains on the volatile composition of fermented sweet melon juice.Headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry(HS-GC-IMS)coupled with chemometrics was performed to identify the potential volatiles for the discrimination of different fermented sweet melon juice.In total,70 volatile compounds were found in the fermented sweet melon juices.Of them,45 compounds were annotated according to the GC-IMS database and classified into esters,alcohols,aldehydes,ketones and furans.Results from the multivariate analysis reveal that sweet melon juice fermented by different combinations of microbial strains could be distinctly separated from each other.A total of 15 volatiles with both variable importance in projection value>1 and P<0.05 were determined as potential markers for the discrimination of fermented sweet melon juice.This study confirms the effect of microorganisms on the flavor of the fermented sweet melon juice and shows the potential of HS-GC-IMS combined with chemometrics as a powerful strategy to obtain volatile fingerprints of different fermented sweet melon juice.展开更多
This paper develops the adhesive contact theory for a one-dimensional hexagonal quasicrystal half-space punched by a spherical indenter on the basis of the classical adhesive contact models involving the Johnson–Kend...This paper develops the adhesive contact theory for a one-dimensional hexagonal quasicrystal half-space punched by a spherical indenter on the basis of the classical adhesive contact models involving the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts(JKR)model,the Maugis–Dugdale(MD)model and the Derjaguin–Muller–Toporov(DMT)model.By using the superposition principle combined with the Griffith energy balance,all the significant physical quantities for adhesive contact,such as the energy release rate,indentation force,penetration depth,contact radius and pull-out force,are obtained for different models.The result for the DMT model is derived from the MD solution through a limiting procedure.A numerical calculation is carried out to verify the present analytical solutions,to compare different contact models,and to analyze the influence of the phason field on the results.It is indicated that the effect of the phason field on the result for the MD model is pronounced,especially for a small contact radius.However,the phason effect on the JKR and DMT results is not significant.The present solution can serve as a theoretical basis for nano-indentation and atomic force microscopy to measure the material properties of quasicrystals.展开更多
Water resources are one of the key factors restricting the development of arid areas,and cloud water resources is an important part of water resources.The arid region of central Asia is the core region of the current ...Water resources are one of the key factors restricting the development of arid areas,and cloud water resources is an important part of water resources.The arid region of central Asia is the core region of the current national green silk road construction,and is the largest arid region in the world.Based on cloud cover data of ECMWF,the current study analyzed temporal and spatial characteristics of cloud properties in arid regions of Central Asia between 1980 and 2019.Our findings show that:(1)From the point of view of spatial distribution,total cloudiness in arid regions of Central Asia was low in the south and high in the north.The distribution of high cloud frequency and medium cloud frequency was higher in the south and lower in the north,while low cloud frequency distribution was low in the south and high in the north.(2)In terms of time,the variation of cloud cover and cloud type frequency had obvious seasonal characteristics.From winter to spring,cloud cover increased,and the change of cloud type frequency increased.From spring to summer,cloud cover continued to increase and the change of cloud type frequency increased further.Cloud cover began to decrease from summer to autumn,and the change of cloud type frequency also decreased.(3)Generally,average total cloud cover decreased in most of central Asia,and high and medium cloud cover increased while low cloud cover decreased.This study provides a reference for the rational development of cloud resources in the region.展开更多
Climate change is the dominant factor affecting the hydrological process,it is of great significance to simulate and predict its influence on water resources management,socio-economic activities,and sustainable develo...Climate change is the dominant factor affecting the hydrological process,it is of great significance to simulate and predict its influence on water resources management,socio-economic activities,and sustainable development in the future.In this paper,the Xiying River Basin was taken as the study area,China Atmospheric Assimilation Driven Data Set(CMADS)and observation data from the Jiutiaoling station were used to simulate runoff of the SWAT model and calibrate and verify model parameters.On this basis,runoff change of the basin under the future climate scenario of CMIP6 was predicted.Our research shows that:(1)The contribution rates of climate change and human activities to runoff increase of the Xiying River are 89.17%and 10.83%,respectively.Climate change is the most important factor affecting runoff change of the Xiying River.(2)In these three different emission scenarios of SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 in CMIP6 climate model,the average temperature increased by0.61,1.09 and 1.74 C,respectively,in the Xiying River Basin from 2017 to 2050.Average precipitation increased by 14.36,66.88,and 142.73 mm,respectively,and runoff increased by 15,24,and 35 million m3,respectively.The effect of climate change on runoff will continue to deepen in the future.展开更多
Active surveillance(AS)is the primary strategy for managing patients with low or favorable-intermediate risk prostate cancer(PCa).Identifying patients who may benefit from AS relies on unpleasant prostate biopsies,whi...Active surveillance(AS)is the primary strategy for managing patients with low or favorable-intermediate risk prostate cancer(PCa).Identifying patients who may benefit from AS relies on unpleasant prostate biopsies,which entail the risk of bleeding and infection.In the current study,we aimed to develop a radiomics model based on prostate magnetic resonance images to identify AS candidates non-invasively.A total of 956 PCa patients with complete biopsy reports from six hospitals were included in the current multicenter retrospective study.The National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN)guidelines were used as reference standards to determine the AS candidacy.To discriminate between AS and non-AS candidates,five radiomics models(i.e.,eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)AS classifier(XGB-AS),logistic regression(LR)AS classifier,random forest(RF)AS classifier,adaptive boosting(Ada-Boost)AS classifier,and decision tree(DT)AS classifier)were developed and externally validated using a three-fold cross-center validation based on five classifiers:XGBoost,LR,RF,AdaBoost,and DT.Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),accuracy(ACC),sensitivity(SEN),and specificity(SPE)were calculated to evaluate the performance of these models.XGB-AS exhibited an average of AUC of 0.803,ACC of 0.693,SEN of 0.668,and SPE of 0.841,showing a better comprehensive performance than those of the other included radiomic models.Additionally,the XGB-AS model also presented a promising performance for identifying AS candidates from the intermediate-risk cases and the ambiguous cases with diagnostic discordance between the NCCN guidelines and the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System assessment.These results suggest that the XGB-AS model has the potential to help identify patients who are suitable for AS and allow non-invasive monitoring of patients on AS,thereby reducing the number of annual biopsies and the associated risks of bleeding and infection.展开更多
Accessibility is a crucial indicator for evaluating the spatial rationalization of commercial facilities in an area,impacting both commercial development and service efficiency.The objective of this research is to ana...Accessibility is a crucial indicator for evaluating the spatial rationalization of commercial facilities in an area,impacting both commercial development and service efficiency.The objective of this research is to analyze the commercial space layout of Maotai Town in Guizhou Province,China,and to design an evaluation system for commercial space accessibility to enhance the efficiency of commercial space use.Firstly,POI(Point of Interest)Data Visualization Analysis will be employed to identify major commercial hotspots and areas not covered by their service reach.Secondly,the spatial accessibility of commercial spaces will be evaluated using Space Syntax and the Cost-Weighted Model in the topological grid dimension and geometric grid dimension.Finally,we will establish a Minimum Cumulative Resistance Model(MCR Model)based on the analysis results obtained to identify the resistance paths that tourists navigate within the research area.This method will provide a precise framework for evaluating the accessibility of commercial spaces throughout the area.展开更多
Introduction:Aeromonas is widely distributed in aquatic environments.This study describes the pathogenic characteristics of Aeromonas isolated from adult diarrhea patients and aquatic environments in Beijing,China.Met...Introduction:Aeromonas is widely distributed in aquatic environments.This study describes the pathogenic characteristics of Aeromonas isolated from adult diarrhea patients and aquatic environments in Beijing,China.Methods:Aeromonas isolates from patients with diarrhea and river water samples were assessed using whole-genome sequencing(WGS)and antibiotic resistance profiling.Results:In total,38 Aeromonas isolates were collected.Among these,13 isolates were from patients with common clinical symptoms,including diarrhea,abdominal pain,and nausea.Four of 13 Aeromonaspositive patients were co-infected with other intestinal pathogens.Patient-derived Aeromonas isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin,ampicillin-sulbactam,nalidixic acid,and tetracycline,whereas water-derived isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin,ampicillin-sulbactam,and nalidixic acid.Phylogenetic analysis revealed seven independent branches,without significant clustering among patient-and water-derived isolates.Conclusions:This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and characteristics of Aeromonas.The intertwined distribution of patient-and waterderived isolates in the phylogenetic tree deserves attention.展开更多
With the advancement of internet technology and the widespread adoption of high-speed network technologies such as 5G,e-commerce platforms have become the primary channels for everyday shopping.However,issues such as&...With the advancement of internet technology and the widespread adoption of high-speed network technologies such as 5G,e-commerce platforms have become the primary channels for everyday shopping.However,issues such as"big data price discrimination"and predatory pricing have emerged during their development,leading to price monopolies that harm the real economy and public interest.This study analyzes the legal regulatory framework,fundamental principles,regulatory measures,and their advantages and disadvantages concerning price monopoly on e-commerce platforms.It further identifies the factors influencing the effectiveness of legal regulation and the challenges faced.Based on this analysis,the study proposes recommendations such as improving lega l frameworks,strengthening law enforcement and supervision,enhancing technological capabilities,and promoting industry self-discipline,making it a topic of significant practical relevance.展开更多
Background:Enteroviruses belong to the Picornaviridae family,which is a type of non-enveloped RNA virus.They encompass numerous members and exhibit high rates of mutation and recombination,leading to the emergence of ...Background:Enteroviruses belong to the Picornaviridae family,which is a type of non-enveloped RNA virus.They encompass numerous members and exhibit high rates of mutation and recombination,leading to the emergence of new pathogenic viral strains.In addition to their primary route of infection through the gastrointestinal and upper respiratory tracts,enteroviruses can also infect other tissues such as neurons or muscles,resulting in severe clinical manifestations within the nervous system.Flavonoids,natural compounds found in plants,have shown significant potential as antiviral agents,particularly against enteroviruses,a group of pathogens responsible for various human diseases.Objective:This review aims to summarize the recent progress of flavonoids in anti-enterovirus research,reveal their potential mechanisms,and explore their application prospects.Methods:A literature search was conducted across multiple databases,including PubMed and Scopus,from 2004 to 2024 using the keywords"Flavonoid"and"Enterovirus".Relevant studies and reviews were identified and subsequently selected for analysis and discussion.Results:A large body of research indicate that flavonoids exhibited antiviral activity against enteroviruses through multiple mechanisms,including blocking viral entry,inhibiting viral replication,and suppressing viral protease activity.Prominent flavonoids such as quercetin,baicalein,and luteolin exhibit significant antiviral potential in vivo,in vitro,and in silico experiments,underscoring their promising prospects for drug development.However,despite preliminary in vivo experimental data supporting their efficacy,a dearth of systematic clinical studies exists to further validate the safety and efficacy of these compounds in humans.Conclusion:Flavonoid-based drugs show promising antiviral activity against enteroviruses,but further research is needed to improve their therapeutic potential for future clinical applications.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos.2023YFA1406002 and 2020YFA0308801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant Nos.12321004,12174025,12074041,and 12204045)+7 种基金the CAS Superconducting Research Project (Grant No.SCZX-0101)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No.2243300003)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant No.2021ZD0302800)supported by the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility (SECUF)Analysis & Testing center in Beijing Institute of Technologysupport from the Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program (Grant No.2023CX01027)support from the Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholarssupport from the Beijing Institute of Technology Laboratory Research Project (Grant No.2023BITSYB07)。
文摘The kagome ferrimagnet TbMn_(6)Sn_(6),featuring a pristine Mn kagome lattice,has emerged as a candidate Chern magnet with a large intrinsic anomalous Hall effect(AHE).While chemical substitution can modulate its properties,hydrostatic pressure provides a disorder-free route to manipulate electronic and magnetic interactions.Herein,we investigate the effects of hydrostatic pressure on electrical and magneto-transport in TbMn6Sn6 up to 18.3 GPa.Pressure significantly enhances hysteresis in the magnetoresistance and Hall responses,causing a concurrent monotonic coercive field increase,suggesting the enhancement of interlayer magnetic couplings in a robust c-axis ferrimagnetic order.The intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity increases considerably from 129.5 S·cm^(−1) at ambient pressure conditions to 448.7 S·cm^(−1) at 14.0 GPa—an enhancement of 247%that is unprecedented among pressure-tuned kagome magnets.Based on density functional theory calculations,we reveal that pressure induces multiple gap openings near the Fermi level,giving rise to pronounced Berry curvature hotspots that may contribute to the AHE.Our results show that pressure can be used to enhance the intrinsic topological responses of this kagome magnet.
基金supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51131007)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFC2803102).
文摘A corrosion discoloration model for copper-nickel alloys in Cl^(−)environments was established using CIE-Lab,UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The corrosion discoloration process and the corresponding main corrosion products can be summarized as follows:silver-white(Cu+Ni)→green(NiO)→reddishbrown(NiO+Cu_(2)O)→black(NiO+Cu_(2)O+CuO).Density functional theory was employed to explain the corrosion process of copper-nickel alloys and the detrimental effect of Cl^(−).The results indicate that adsorbates preferentially bind to nickel,leading to the preferential formation of NiO,which imparts a green appearance to the surface.Furthermore,the difficulty in forming nickel cation vacancies and the higher diffusion barrier for nickel inhibit the migration of species within the oxide layer.Notably,nickel also suppresses carrier migration within the oxide layer,reducing the charge transfer rate.In contrast,the promotion of corrosion by Cl^(−)is primarily attributed to the reduction in surface work function and the formation energy of cation vacancies.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A2034 and 21876052)the Guangdong Special Support Plan for Innovation Teams(No.2019BT02L218)+1 种基金the Guangdong Special Support Plan for Young Top-notch Talents(No.2019TQ05L179)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(No.2021B1515120077)。
文摘Electrochemical nitrate reduction(NO_(3)RR)offers a promising avenue for treating nitrate-contaminated water and recovering ammonia(NH_(3)),yet the complexities of direct electron transfer(DET)and hydrogen atom transfer(HAT)mechanisms crucial for efficiency remain elusive.This study bridges the gap with a combined experimental and theoretical approach,elucidating the impact of catalyst structure on NO3RR pathways.We discover that catalysts favoring strong NO_(3^(-))adsorption and efficient water dissociation were more inclined towards DET,enhancing denitrification.The Fe@Fe_(3)O_(4)/FF cathode,leveraging the synergistic interplay between metallic Fe and Fe_(3)O_(4),excelled in NO3RR via DET,achieving an NH3yield of 0.28 mmol h-1cm-2and a Faradaic efficiency of 95.7%for NH3at-1.6 V(vs.SCE),with minimal nitrite accumulation at 100 mmol/L nitrate.Conversely,the Fe/FF and Fe_(3)O_(4)/CC cathodes showed reduced NH3production and increased nitrite levels,attributed to the lack of Fe_(3)O_(4)and metallic Fe,respectively,resulting in a dominant HAT mechanism.Moreover,Fe@Fe_(3)O_(4)/FF facilitated complete denitrification in real wastewater treatment by harnessing Cl^(-)for electrochemically mediated breakpoint chlorination.This research not only deepens our understanding of NO3RR mechanisms but also paves the way for designing superior nitrate reduction catalysts.
基金supported by the S&T Program of Hebei,China(23567601H)the Hebei Provincial Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project,China(236Z6508G)+1 种基金the Basic Research Funds for Provincial Universities in Hebei Province,China(KY2022037 and KY2021042)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(C2023204100 and C2021204136)。
文摘LysM proteins contain the lysin domain(LysM),bind chitin and are found in various organisms including fungi.In phytopathogenic fungi,certain LysM proteins act as effectors to inhibit host immunity,thus increasing fungal virulence.However,our understanding of the LysM protein family in Setosphaeria turcica is limited.In this study,eight StLysM genes are identified and designated as StLysM1 to StLysM8.The analysis of sequence features indicates that five proteins(StLysM1,StLysM2,StLysM5,StLysM6,and StLysM7)are potential effectors.Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the StLysMs are divided into fungal/bacterial and fungus-specific subclasses.Domain architecture analysis reveals that the five StLysM effectors exclusively harbor the LysM domain,whereas the other three StLysM proteins contain additional functional domains.Sequence conservation analysis shows that the fungal-specific LysM domain sequences share the ^(8)GDxTC^(12) and ^(29)WNP^(31) motifs as well as three highly conserved cysteine residues.Conversely,the LysM domain sequences from the bacterial/fungal branch have few conserved sites.Moreover,expression profiling analysis shows that the StLysM1 gene is significantly upregulated during the infection of maize.Yeast secretion assays and transient expression experiments demonstrate that StLysM1 is a secreted protein that can suppress BAX/INF1-induced programmed cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana.Further functional analysis suggests that St Lys M1 cannot interact with itself but it can bind chitin.The transient expression of StLysM1 inhibits the chitin-triggered plant immune response,increasing susceptibility to the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea in N.benthamiana.This study reveals that the S.turcica LySM protein family consists of eight members,highlighting the significance of StLysM1 as a vital effector in regulating plant immunity.The results provide insight into StLysMs and establish a foundation for understanding the roles of StLysM proteins in the pathogenic process of S.turcica.
文摘水和甘油的混合溶液为液态组分,丙烯酸(AA)和N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAA)为共聚单体,纳米氧化铝(Al2O3)为交联剂,原位自由基聚合制备了一种具有抗脱水性能的高强度纳米复合水凝胶。扫描电子显微镜表征和力学性质测试结果表明,甘油的加入不会影响单体的聚合以及水凝胶三维网络结构的形成。当甘油质量分数从0%增加到40%时,水凝胶的拉伸强度由181. 3 k Pa增加到274. 6 k Pa;进一步增加甘油质量分数至80%,水凝胶的拉伸强度逐渐减小至113. 6 k Pa。热重分析、差示扫描量热法以及抗脱水实验研究结果显示,随着甘油含量的增加,水凝胶在空气中的水分蒸发逐渐降低,显示出优异的抗脱水性能。基于水凝胶优异的力学性质和抗脱水性能,当甘油质量分数为60%和80%时,水凝胶在空气中放置10 d依然能保持与初始制备水凝胶相当的优异力学性质。这种新型水凝胶在人工皮肤、软机器人领域有潜在的应用价值。
文摘以氧化铝(Al_2O_3)纳米粒子作为无机交联剂,丙烯酰胺(AM)和衣康酸(IA)为单体,原位自由基聚合制备了高强度PAI/Al_2O_3纳米复合水凝胶,并提出了水凝胶的交联机理。对纳米复合水凝胶的力学性质、微观结构和溶胀性质进行了表征。结果表明,制备的水凝胶具有优异力学性能,拉伸和压缩强度分别可达477 k Pa和13.45 MPa。此外,PAI/Al_2O_3纳米复合水凝胶还表现出透明的外观,规整的网络结构,较低的溶胀率以及水驱动的形状记忆行为。因此,这种水凝胶在生物医学领域有广阔的应用前景。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51671197)Special Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDA130040502)
文摘The accelerated corrosion behavior of copper T2 and brass H62 exposed in simulated Nansha marine atmosphere for different periods were investigated by weight loss method, SEM, XRD and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The results indicate that copper T2 and brass H62 underwent severe corrosion, and the final corrosion rates at 32 days of exposure were 0.24 (μm/d and 0.10 (xm/d, respectively. Moreover, the overall corrosion type of copper T2 was uniform and the corrosion products Cu2O and Cu2C1(OH)3 played a vital role in the corrosion rate of copper. While the dezincification corrosion with zinc preferential dissolution was obvious in brass H62. The predominant phases were the zinc-rich compounds Zn5(OH)8Cl2 H2O, Zni2(SO4)3Cl3(OH)15 5H20 and NaZn4(SO4)Cl(OH)6.6H2O. There existed a large number of copper-rich holes with 20-50μm depth beneath the corrosion product layer.
基金supported by Hebei Provincial Key Research Projects(19227114D)the Vegetable Industry Innovation Team Project of Hebei Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System(HBCT2018030208).
文摘The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different lactic acid bacteria and yeast strains on the volatile composition of fermented sweet melon juice.Headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry(HS-GC-IMS)coupled with chemometrics was performed to identify the potential volatiles for the discrimination of different fermented sweet melon juice.In total,70 volatile compounds were found in the fermented sweet melon juices.Of them,45 compounds were annotated according to the GC-IMS database and classified into esters,alcohols,aldehydes,ketones and furans.Results from the multivariate analysis reveal that sweet melon juice fermented by different combinations of microbial strains could be distinctly separated from each other.A total of 15 volatiles with both variable importance in projection value>1 and P<0.05 were determined as potential markers for the discrimination of fermented sweet melon juice.This study confirms the effect of microorganisms on the flavor of the fermented sweet melon juice and shows the potential of HS-GC-IMS combined with chemometrics as a powerful strategy to obtain volatile fingerprints of different fermented sweet melon juice.
基金supported primarily by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12172237,12002273 and 11832007)The supports from Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2021YJ0513-BG)+1 种基金2022 Open Project of Failure Mechanics and Engineering Disaster Prevention,Key Lab of Sichuan Provence(No.FMEDP202211)are also gratefully acknowledged.
文摘This paper develops the adhesive contact theory for a one-dimensional hexagonal quasicrystal half-space punched by a spherical indenter on the basis of the classical adhesive contact models involving the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts(JKR)model,the Maugis–Dugdale(MD)model and the Derjaguin–Muller–Toporov(DMT)model.By using the superposition principle combined with the Griffith energy balance,all the significant physical quantities for adhesive contact,such as the energy release rate,indentation force,penetration depth,contact radius and pull-out force,are obtained for different models.The result for the DMT model is derived from the MD solution through a limiting procedure.A numerical calculation is carried out to verify the present analytical solutions,to compare different contact models,and to analyze the influence of the phason field on the results.It is indicated that the effect of the phason field on the result for the MD model is pronounced,especially for a small contact radius.However,the phason effect on the JKR and DMT results is not significant.The present solution can serve as a theoretical basis for nano-indentation and atomic force microscopy to measure the material properties of quasicrystals.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41867030, 41971036)the National Natural Science Foundation innovation research group science foundation of China (41421061)
文摘Water resources are one of the key factors restricting the development of arid areas,and cloud water resources is an important part of water resources.The arid region of central Asia is the core region of the current national green silk road construction,and is the largest arid region in the world.Based on cloud cover data of ECMWF,the current study analyzed temporal and spatial characteristics of cloud properties in arid regions of Central Asia between 1980 and 2019.Our findings show that:(1)From the point of view of spatial distribution,total cloudiness in arid regions of Central Asia was low in the south and high in the north.The distribution of high cloud frequency and medium cloud frequency was higher in the south and lower in the north,while low cloud frequency distribution was low in the south and high in the north.(2)In terms of time,the variation of cloud cover and cloud type frequency had obvious seasonal characteristics.From winter to spring,cloud cover increased,and the change of cloud type frequency increased.From spring to summer,cloud cover continued to increase and the change of cloud type frequency increased further.Cloud cover began to decrease from summer to autumn,and the change of cloud type frequency also decreased.(3)Generally,average total cloud cover decreased in most of central Asia,and high and medium cloud cover increased while low cloud cover decreased.This study provides a reference for the rational development of cloud resources in the region.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41867030,41971036)the key Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(23JRRA698)+2 种基金the key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province(22YF7NA122)the Oasis Scientific Research achievements Breakthrough Action Plan Project of Northwest normal University(NWNU-LZKX-202302)the cultivation Plan Project of the Major(key)Project of Northwest normal University.
文摘Climate change is the dominant factor affecting the hydrological process,it is of great significance to simulate and predict its influence on water resources management,socio-economic activities,and sustainable development in the future.In this paper,the Xiying River Basin was taken as the study area,China Atmospheric Assimilation Driven Data Set(CMADS)and observation data from the Jiutiaoling station were used to simulate runoff of the SWAT model and calibrate and verify model parameters.On this basis,runoff change of the basin under the future climate scenario of CMIP6 was predicted.Our research shows that:(1)The contribution rates of climate change and human activities to runoff increase of the Xiying River are 89.17%and 10.83%,respectively.Climate change is the most important factor affecting runoff change of the Xiying River.(2)In these three different emission scenarios of SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 in CMIP6 climate model,the average temperature increased by0.61,1.09 and 1.74 C,respectively,in the Xiying River Basin from 2017 to 2050.Average precipitation increased by 14.36,66.88,and 142.73 mm,respectively,and runoff increased by 15,24,and 35 million m3,respectively.The effect of climate change on runoff will continue to deepen in the future.
基金funding by the Beijing Hospital Authority Clinical Medicine Development special funding support,No.ZLRK202333the Nature Science Foundation of Beijing,No.Z200027+3 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2022YFB3203800the Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82071887 and 81671656the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,No.2021B0101420005the Beijing hospitals Authority 10 Key Construction Projects Funding,No.Q19051-16.
文摘Active surveillance(AS)is the primary strategy for managing patients with low or favorable-intermediate risk prostate cancer(PCa).Identifying patients who may benefit from AS relies on unpleasant prostate biopsies,which entail the risk of bleeding and infection.In the current study,we aimed to develop a radiomics model based on prostate magnetic resonance images to identify AS candidates non-invasively.A total of 956 PCa patients with complete biopsy reports from six hospitals were included in the current multicenter retrospective study.The National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN)guidelines were used as reference standards to determine the AS candidacy.To discriminate between AS and non-AS candidates,five radiomics models(i.e.,eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)AS classifier(XGB-AS),logistic regression(LR)AS classifier,random forest(RF)AS classifier,adaptive boosting(Ada-Boost)AS classifier,and decision tree(DT)AS classifier)were developed and externally validated using a three-fold cross-center validation based on five classifiers:XGBoost,LR,RF,AdaBoost,and DT.Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),accuracy(ACC),sensitivity(SEN),and specificity(SPE)were calculated to evaluate the performance of these models.XGB-AS exhibited an average of AUC of 0.803,ACC of 0.693,SEN of 0.668,and SPE of 0.841,showing a better comprehensive performance than those of the other included radiomic models.Additionally,the XGB-AS model also presented a promising performance for identifying AS candidates from the intermediate-risk cases and the ambiguous cases with diagnostic discordance between the NCCN guidelines and the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System assessment.These results suggest that the XGB-AS model has the potential to help identify patients who are suitable for AS and allow non-invasive monitoring of patients on AS,thereby reducing the number of annual biopsies and the associated risks of bleeding and infection.
文摘Accessibility is a crucial indicator for evaluating the spatial rationalization of commercial facilities in an area,impacting both commercial development and service efficiency.The objective of this research is to analyze the commercial space layout of Maotai Town in Guizhou Province,China,and to design an evaluation system for commercial space accessibility to enhance the efficiency of commercial space use.Firstly,POI(Point of Interest)Data Visualization Analysis will be employed to identify major commercial hotspots and areas not covered by their service reach.Secondly,the spatial accessibility of commercial spaces will be evaluated using Space Syntax and the Cost-Weighted Model in the topological grid dimension and geometric grid dimension.Finally,we will establish a Minimum Cumulative Resistance Model(MCR Model)based on the analysis results obtained to identify the resistance paths that tourists navigate within the research area.This method will provide a precise framework for evaluating the accessibility of commercial spaces throughout the area.
基金Supported by the National Key Research Program of China(2021YFF0703801).
文摘Introduction:Aeromonas is widely distributed in aquatic environments.This study describes the pathogenic characteristics of Aeromonas isolated from adult diarrhea patients and aquatic environments in Beijing,China.Methods:Aeromonas isolates from patients with diarrhea and river water samples were assessed using whole-genome sequencing(WGS)and antibiotic resistance profiling.Results:In total,38 Aeromonas isolates were collected.Among these,13 isolates were from patients with common clinical symptoms,including diarrhea,abdominal pain,and nausea.Four of 13 Aeromonaspositive patients were co-infected with other intestinal pathogens.Patient-derived Aeromonas isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin,ampicillin-sulbactam,nalidixic acid,and tetracycline,whereas water-derived isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin,ampicillin-sulbactam,and nalidixic acid.Phylogenetic analysis revealed seven independent branches,without significant clustering among patient-and water-derived isolates.Conclusions:This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and characteristics of Aeromonas.The intertwined distribution of patient-and waterderived isolates in the phylogenetic tree deserves attention.
文摘With the advancement of internet technology and the widespread adoption of high-speed network technologies such as 5G,e-commerce platforms have become the primary channels for everyday shopping.However,issues such as"big data price discrimination"and predatory pricing have emerged during their development,leading to price monopolies that harm the real economy and public interest.This study analyzes the legal regulatory framework,fundamental principles,regulatory measures,and their advantages and disadvantages concerning price monopoly on e-commerce platforms.It further identifies the factors influencing the effectiveness of legal regulation and the challenges faced.Based on this analysis,the study proposes recommendations such as improving lega l frameworks,strengthening law enforcement and supervision,enhancing technological capabilities,and promoting industry self-discipline,making it a topic of significant practical relevance.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82,101,630)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX24_4035).
文摘Background:Enteroviruses belong to the Picornaviridae family,which is a type of non-enveloped RNA virus.They encompass numerous members and exhibit high rates of mutation and recombination,leading to the emergence of new pathogenic viral strains.In addition to their primary route of infection through the gastrointestinal and upper respiratory tracts,enteroviruses can also infect other tissues such as neurons or muscles,resulting in severe clinical manifestations within the nervous system.Flavonoids,natural compounds found in plants,have shown significant potential as antiviral agents,particularly against enteroviruses,a group of pathogens responsible for various human diseases.Objective:This review aims to summarize the recent progress of flavonoids in anti-enterovirus research,reveal their potential mechanisms,and explore their application prospects.Methods:A literature search was conducted across multiple databases,including PubMed and Scopus,from 2004 to 2024 using the keywords"Flavonoid"and"Enterovirus".Relevant studies and reviews were identified and subsequently selected for analysis and discussion.Results:A large body of research indicate that flavonoids exhibited antiviral activity against enteroviruses through multiple mechanisms,including blocking viral entry,inhibiting viral replication,and suppressing viral protease activity.Prominent flavonoids such as quercetin,baicalein,and luteolin exhibit significant antiviral potential in vivo,in vitro,and in silico experiments,underscoring their promising prospects for drug development.However,despite preliminary in vivo experimental data supporting their efficacy,a dearth of systematic clinical studies exists to further validate the safety and efficacy of these compounds in humans.Conclusion:Flavonoid-based drugs show promising antiviral activity against enteroviruses,but further research is needed to improve their therapeutic potential for future clinical applications.
