Hydrogen production from water electrolysis,in particular from proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers(PEMWE),is a key approach to realizing a carbon-free energy cycle.However,the high anodic potential and strong...Hydrogen production from water electrolysis,in particular from proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers(PEMWE),is a key approach to realizing a carbon-free energy cycle.However,the high anodic potential and strong acid in PEMWE systems pose a major challenge to the stability of electrocatalysts,and the development of efficient and corrosion-resistant catalysts is urgently needed.Currently,iridium(Ir)-based catalysts have gained great attention due to their promising activity and stability,while the extremely low reserves of Ir in the earth seriously hinder the commercialization of PEMWE.Therefore,a systematic understanding of the latest advances in Ir-based catalysts is necessary to guide their rational design to meet the industrial requirements.In this review,the general reaction mechanisms and advanced characterization techniques for mechanism recognition are first introduced.Afterwards,the systematic design strategies and performances of Ir-based catalysts,including metallic Ir,Ir oxides,and Ir-based perovskites,are summarized in detail.Finally,the conclusions,challenges,and prospects for Ir-based electrocatalysts are presented.展开更多
Juvenile hormone(JH)is one of the most important hormones in insects since it is essential for insect development.The mechanism by which JH affects the central nervous system still remains a mystery.In this study,we d...Juvenile hormone(JH)is one of the most important hormones in insects since it is essential for insect development.The mechanism by which JH affects the central nervous system still remains a mystery.In this study,we demonstrate that one of the JH receptors,Methoprene-tolerant(Met),is important for the control of neurite development and sleep behavior in Drosophila.With the identification of Met-expressing glial cells,the mechanism that Met negatively controls the mushroom body(MB)b lobes fusion and positively maintains pigment-dispersing factor s LNvs projection pruning has been established.Furthermore,despite the developmental effects,Met can also maintain nighttime sleep in a developmentindependent manner through the a/b lobe of MB.Combining analyses of neuronal morphology and entomological behavior,this study advances our understanding of how the JH receptor regulates the nervous system.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22202053,22109035,52362031,and 52274297)the start-up Research Foundation of Hainan University(KYQD(ZR)-20008,20083,20084,23068,and 23169)+4 种基金the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(ZDYF2024SHFZ074)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology,Hainan University(XTCX2022HYC04)the specific research fund of The Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province(YSPTZX202315)the Research Fund Program of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology(FC202307)the Open Fund Project of Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Energy Conversion in Hainan Province of China(KFKT2023002)。
文摘Hydrogen production from water electrolysis,in particular from proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers(PEMWE),is a key approach to realizing a carbon-free energy cycle.However,the high anodic potential and strong acid in PEMWE systems pose a major challenge to the stability of electrocatalysts,and the development of efficient and corrosion-resistant catalysts is urgently needed.Currently,iridium(Ir)-based catalysts have gained great attention due to their promising activity and stability,while the extremely low reserves of Ir in the earth seriously hinder the commercialization of PEMWE.Therefore,a systematic understanding of the latest advances in Ir-based catalysts is necessary to guide their rational design to meet the industrial requirements.In this review,the general reaction mechanisms and advanced characterization techniques for mechanism recognition are first introduced.Afterwards,the systematic design strategies and performances of Ir-based catalysts,including metallic Ir,Ir oxides,and Ir-based perovskites,are summarized in detail.Finally,the conclusions,challenges,and prospects for Ir-based electrocatalysts are presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grants 31970458 and 31730076(to Z.W.Zhao)。
文摘Juvenile hormone(JH)is one of the most important hormones in insects since it is essential for insect development.The mechanism by which JH affects the central nervous system still remains a mystery.In this study,we demonstrate that one of the JH receptors,Methoprene-tolerant(Met),is important for the control of neurite development and sleep behavior in Drosophila.With the identification of Met-expressing glial cells,the mechanism that Met negatively controls the mushroom body(MB)b lobes fusion and positively maintains pigment-dispersing factor s LNvs projection pruning has been established.Furthermore,despite the developmental effects,Met can also maintain nighttime sleep in a developmentindependent manner through the a/b lobe of MB.Combining analyses of neuronal morphology and entomological behavior,this study advances our understanding of how the JH receptor regulates the nervous system.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41930643)supported by grants from European Union H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions(839806)+2 种基金Aarhus University Research Foundation(AUFF-E-2019-7-1)Danish Independent Research Foundation(1127-00015B)Nordic Committee of Agriculture and Food Research.
