Selective electrocatalysis of two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e^(-)ORR)has been recognized as a sustainable and on-site process for hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))production.Great progress has been achieved for ...Selective electrocatalysis of two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e^(-)ORR)has been recognized as a sustainable and on-site process for hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))production.Great progress has been achieved for 2e^(-)ORR in alkaline media.However,it is challenged by insufficient activity and selectiv-ity of the catalysts in acidic electrolytes.Herein,we report sulfur-poisoned PtNi/C catalysts(PtNiSx/C)that could regulate ORR from the 4e^(-)to 2e^(-)pathway.The identified PtNiS0.6/C offers high activity in terms of onset potential of∼0.69 V(vs.RHE)and∼80%selectivity.The mass activity is also compara-ble and outperforms representative Pt-based precious and transition-metal-based catalysts.In addition,it is interestingly found that the Faradaic efficiency further increased to 95%during the long-term elec-trolysis test due to Ni atom surface migration.The electrochemical production of the H_(2)O_(2)system was applied to the electro-Fenton process,which has realized the effective degradation of organic pollutants.This work offers a strategy by sulfur poisoning PtNi/C catalyst to realize Pt-based 2e^(-)ORR active catalysts to electrolysis of H_(2)O_(2)in acidic media.展开更多
Compound extreme climate events involving multiple meteorological elements usually have a more severe impact on the environment and human health than single-element extreme events.However,the current definition of mul...Compound extreme climate events involving multiple meteorological elements usually have a more severe impact on the environment and human health than single-element extreme events.However,the current definition of multi-element compound extreme events is proposed from meteorological and statistical perspectives,without integrating health data,making the conclusions less practical for guiding health risk prevention.This study identified the threshold for hot–dry compound extreme events with high mortality risks(HMHDs)in China,using daily mortality data and temperature–humidity data from 278 districts or counties,and explored the interdecadal change and driving mechanisms of HMHD frequency in China from 1979 to 2021.The results show a significant increase in annual HMHD frequency in China after 2000,mainly occurring in summer(June,July,August).The northwestern to western regions of China(Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia,Gansu),and from the southwestern to the areas south of the Yangtze River(Sichuan,Hubei,Hunan,Jiangxi,Fujian,Guizhou,Yunnan),experience an increase of>10 days.The authors find that the interdecadal abrupt change in HMHD frequency can be attributed to the shift of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation from a negative to a positive phase by affecting the Silk Road teleconnection.展开更多
Polymer reaction engineering studies the design,operation,and optimization of reactors for industrial scale polymerization,based on the theory of polymerization kinetics and transfer processes(e.g.,flow,heat and mass ...Polymer reaction engineering studies the design,operation,and optimization of reactors for industrial scale polymerization,based on the theory of polymerization kinetics and transfer processes(e.g.,flow,heat and mass transfer).Although the foundation and development of this discipline are less than80 years,the global production of polymers has exceeded 400 million tons per annum.It demonstrates that polymer reaction engineering is of vital importance to the polymer industry.Along with the matu rity of production processes and market saturation for bulk polymers,emerging industries such as information technology,modern transportation,biomedicine,and new energy have continued to develop.As a result,the research objective for polymer reaction engineering has gradually shifted from maximizing the efficiency of the polymerization process to the precise regulation of high-end product-oriented macro molecules and their aggregation structures,i.e.,from polymer process engineering to polymer product engineering.In this review,the frontiers of polymer reaction engineering are introduced,including the precise regulation of polymer chain structure,the control of primary aggregation structure,and the rational design of polymer products.We narrow down the topic to the polymerization reaction engineering of vinyl monomers.Moreover,the future prospects are provided for the field of polymer reaction engineering.展开更多
Understanding the role of heterotic genes in contributing to heterosis is essential for advancing hybrid breeding.We analyzed plant height(PH),ear height(EH),and transcriptomic data from a maize hybrid pop-ulation.Gen...Understanding the role of heterotic genes in contributing to heterosis is essential for advancing hybrid breeding.We analyzed plant height(PH),ear height(EH),and transcriptomic data from a maize hybrid pop-ulation.Genome-wide association studies(GWASs)revealed that dominance effects of quantitative trait loci(QTLs)play a significant role in hybrid traits and mid-parent heterosis.By integrating GWAS,expression GWAS(eGWAS),and module eGWAS analysis,we prioritized six candidate heterotic genes underlying six QTLs,including one QTL that spans the bZIP29 gene.In the hybrid population,bZIP29 exhibits additive expression and dominance effects for both hybrid traits and mid-parent heterosis,with its favorable allele correlating positively with PH and EH.bZIP29 demonstrates dominance or over-dominance patterns in hy-brids derived from crosses between transgenic and wild-type lines,contingent upon its expression.A tsCUT&Tag assay revealed that bZIP29 protein binds directly to a gene regulated by its associated expres-sion QTL(eQTL)and six genes within expression modules governed by its associated module-eQTLs(meQTLs).Regulatory networks involving bZIP29 are more extensive in hybrid subpopulations than in the parental population.This study offers insights into key heterotic genes and networks that underpin the robust growth of hybrid maize.展开更多
The study was to explore the effect of the extracts of Angelica sinensis(EAs) on lipid oxidation in fish feeds compared with ethoxyquin(EQ) and the effect of dietary EAs on growth performance of carp(Cyprinus carpio v...The study was to explore the effect of the extracts of Angelica sinensis(EAs) on lipid oxidation in fish feeds compared with ethoxyquin(EQ) and the effect of dietary EAs on growth performance of carp(Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Firstly, fish feeds were respectively added with EQ, and ethyl ether extract ethyl acetate extract(EAE), acetone extract, ethanol extract(EE) and aqueous extract(AQE) of Angelica sinensis, except for the control. The results showed that EAs and EQ inhibited lipid oxidation in fish feed(P < 0.05). Of all of the examined EAs, EAE showed the strongest protective effects against lipid oxidation(P < 0.05). Moreover, EAE at high concentrations showed a stronger effect on lipid oxidation compared with EQ(P < 0.05). Then, 7 experimental diets respectively supplemented with 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 g/kg of EAE were fed to the respective treatment groups for 30 d. Four replicates were performed for each treatment group; 20 carp(mean weight: 12.10 ± 0.13 g) were in each replicate. The result indicated that dietary EAE improved the growth performance in carp(P < 0.05). The appropriate con centration of EAE for carp growth was estimated to be 3.643 g/kg diet. Thus, EAE could be used as a natural antioxidant in feeds for Jian carp.展开更多
The entorhinal cortex(EC)-hippocampal(HPC)circuit is particularly vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease(AD)pathol-ogy,yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.By employing the high-depth sequencing strat...The entorhinal cortex(EC)-hippocampal(HPC)circuit is particularly vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease(AD)pathol-ogy,yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.By employing the high-depth sequencing strategy Smart-seq2,we tracked gene expression changes across various neuron types within this circuit at different stages of AD pathology.We observed a decrease in the extent of gene expression changes in AD versus wild-type(WT)mice as the disease advanced.Functionally,we demonstrate that both mitochondrial and ribosomal pathways were increasingly activated,while neuronal pathways were inhibited with AD progression.Our findings indicate that the reduction of EC-stellate cells disrupts Meg3-mediated energy metabolism,contributing to energy dysfunction in AD.Additionally,we identified GFAP-positive neurons as a distinct population of disease-associated neurons,exhibiting a loss of neuronal-like characteristics,alongside the emergence of glia-and stem-like features.The num-ber of GFAP-positive neurons increased with AD progression,a trend consistently observed in both AD model mice and AD patients.In summary,this study identifies and characterizes GFAP-positive neurons as a novel subtype of disease-associated neurons in AD pathology,providing insights into their potential role in disease progression.展开更多
Boosting tumor immunosurveillance with vaccines has been proven to be a feasible and cost-effective strategy to fight cancer. Although major breakthroughs have been achieved in preventative tumor vaccines targeting on...Boosting tumor immunosurveillance with vaccines has been proven to be a feasible and cost-effective strategy to fight cancer. Although major breakthroughs have been achieved in preventative tumor vaccines targeting oncogenic viruses, limited advances have been made in curative vaccines for virus-irrelevant malignancies. Accumulating evidence suggests that preconditioning tumor cells with certain cytotoxic drugs can generate whole-cell tumor vaccines with strong prophylactic activities. However, the immunogenicity of these vaccines is not sufficient to restrain the outgrowth of existing tumors. In this study, we identified arsenic trioxide (ATO) as a wide-spectrum cytotoxic and highly immunogenic drug through multiparameter screening. ATO preconditioning could generate whole-cell tumor vaccines with potent antineoplastic effects in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. The tumor-preventive or tumor-suppressive benefits of these vaccines relied on CD8^(+) T cells and type I and II interferon signaling and could be linked to the release of immunostimulatory danger molecules. Unexpectedly, following ATO-induced oxidative stress, multiple cell death pathways were activated, including autophagy, apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. CRISPR‒Cas9-mediated knockout of cell death executors revealed that the absence of Rip3, Mlkl, or Acsl4 largely abolished the efficacy of ATO-based prophylactic and therapeutic cancer vaccines. This therapeutic failure could be rescued by coadministration of danger molecule analogs. In addition, PD-1 blockade synergistically improved the therapeutic efficacy of ATO-based cancer vaccines by augmenting local IFN-γ production.展开更多
Although remarkable progress has been made in oncology research,cancer is still a leading cause of death worldwide.It is well recognized that cancer is a genetic disease,yet metabolic alterations or reprogramming are ...Although remarkable progress has been made in oncology research,cancer is still a leading cause of death worldwide.It is well recognized that cancer is a genetic disease,yet metabolic alterations or reprogramming are the major phenotypes associated with the(epi-)genetic modifications of cancer cells.Thus,understanding the metabolic changes of tumor cells will facilitate the diagnosis of cancer,alleviate drug resistance and provide novel druggable targets that can lead to cures for cancer.The first Sino-US Symposium on Cancer Metabolism was held in Chongqing on October 10th and 11th,with the theme of“cancer metabolism and precision cancer therapy”.The symposium brought about a dozen keynote speakers each from the US and China's Mainland,as well as one hundred delegates with an interest in cancer metabolism.This short article will briefly summarize the advances reported during this meeting.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(Nos.21805052 and 22227804)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023B1515020110)+4 种基金the Science and Technology Research Project of Guangzhou(Nos.202102020787 and 2023A03J0030)the De-partment of Science&Technology of Guangdong Province(No.2022A156)the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Sensors in Guangdong Provincial Universities(No.2023KSYS008)the Key Discipline of Materials Science and Engineering,Bureau of Education of Guangzhou(No.20225546)the College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Guangzhou University(No.XJ202311078029).
文摘Selective electrocatalysis of two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e^(-)ORR)has been recognized as a sustainable and on-site process for hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))production.Great progress has been achieved for 2e^(-)ORR in alkaline media.However,it is challenged by insufficient activity and selectiv-ity of the catalysts in acidic electrolytes.Herein,we report sulfur-poisoned PtNi/C catalysts(PtNiSx/C)that could regulate ORR from the 4e^(-)to 2e^(-)pathway.The identified PtNiS0.6/C offers high activity in terms of onset potential of∼0.69 V(vs.RHE)and∼80%selectivity.The mass activity is also compara-ble and outperforms representative Pt-based precious and transition-metal-based catalysts.In addition,it is interestingly found that the Faradaic efficiency further increased to 95%during the long-term elec-trolysis test due to Ni atom surface migration.The electrochemical production of the H_(2)O_(2)system was applied to the electro-Fenton process,which has realized the effective degradation of organic pollutants.This work offers a strategy by sulfur poisoning PtNi/C catalyst to realize Pt-based 2e^(-)ORR active catalysts to electrolysis of H_(2)O_(2)in acidic media.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number U2442202]the National Key Research and Development Program of China[grant number 2018YFA0606200]+1 种基金the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research[grant number 2020B0301030004]the Science and Technology Project of the Tibet Autonomous Region[grant number XZ202402ZD0006-06]。
文摘Compound extreme climate events involving multiple meteorological elements usually have a more severe impact on the environment and human health than single-element extreme events.However,the current definition of multi-element compound extreme events is proposed from meteorological and statistical perspectives,without integrating health data,making the conclusions less practical for guiding health risk prevention.This study identified the threshold for hot–dry compound extreme events with high mortality risks(HMHDs)in China,using daily mortality data and temperature–humidity data from 278 districts or counties,and explored the interdecadal change and driving mechanisms of HMHD frequency in China from 1979 to 2021.The results show a significant increase in annual HMHD frequency in China after 2000,mainly occurring in summer(June,July,August).The northwestern to western regions of China(Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia,Gansu),and from the southwestern to the areas south of the Yangtze River(Sichuan,Hubei,Hunan,Jiangxi,Fujian,Guizhou,Yunnan),experience an increase of>10 days.The authors find that the interdecadal abrupt change in HMHD frequency can be attributed to the shift of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation from a negative to a positive phase by affecting the Silk Road teleconnection.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21938010,21536011,51903218,22078289,22078282,2197080461)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LR20B060002)+1 种基金Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou(IZQ2019-KJ-010,IZQ2019-KJ-015,IZQ2020-KJ-2015)the Chinese State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering at Zhejiang University(SKL-Ch E-20T04,SKLCh E-19T03)。
文摘Polymer reaction engineering studies the design,operation,and optimization of reactors for industrial scale polymerization,based on the theory of polymerization kinetics and transfer processes(e.g.,flow,heat and mass transfer).Although the foundation and development of this discipline are less than80 years,the global production of polymers has exceeded 400 million tons per annum.It demonstrates that polymer reaction engineering is of vital importance to the polymer industry.Along with the matu rity of production processes and market saturation for bulk polymers,emerging industries such as information technology,modern transportation,biomedicine,and new energy have continued to develop.As a result,the research objective for polymer reaction engineering has gradually shifted from maximizing the efficiency of the polymerization process to the precise regulation of high-end product-oriented macro molecules and their aggregation structures,i.e.,from polymer process engineering to polymer product engineering.In this review,the frontiers of polymer reaction engineering are introduced,including the precise regulation of polymer chain structure,the control of primary aggregation structure,and the rational design of polymer products.We narrow down the topic to the polymerization reaction engineering of vinyl monomers.Moreover,the future prospects are provided for the field of polymer reaction engineering.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFF1000400)the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD04076)+1 种基金the China Agriculture Research System of Maize(CARS-02-13)the Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
文摘Understanding the role of heterotic genes in contributing to heterosis is essential for advancing hybrid breeding.We analyzed plant height(PH),ear height(EH),and transcriptomic data from a maize hybrid pop-ulation.Genome-wide association studies(GWASs)revealed that dominance effects of quantitative trait loci(QTLs)play a significant role in hybrid traits and mid-parent heterosis.By integrating GWAS,expression GWAS(eGWAS),and module eGWAS analysis,we prioritized six candidate heterotic genes underlying six QTLs,including one QTL that spans the bZIP29 gene.In the hybrid population,bZIP29 exhibits additive expression and dominance effects for both hybrid traits and mid-parent heterosis,with its favorable allele correlating positively with PH and EH.bZIP29 demonstrates dominance or over-dominance patterns in hy-brids derived from crosses between transgenic and wild-type lines,contingent upon its expression.A tsCUT&Tag assay revealed that bZIP29 protein binds directly to a gene regulated by its associated expres-sion QTL(eQTL)and six genes within expression modules governed by its associated module-eQTLs(meQTLs).Regulatory networks involving bZIP29 are more extensive in hybrid subpopulations than in the parental population.This study offers insights into key heterotic genes and networks that underpin the robust growth of hybrid maize.
基金financially supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Provincial Education Department (16ZB0302)Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2018JY0214)+1 种基金the Doctoral Research Fund of Neijiang Normal University (14B07)the 2016 Undergraduate Scientific Research Project of Neijiang Normal University (16NSD-50)
文摘The study was to explore the effect of the extracts of Angelica sinensis(EAs) on lipid oxidation in fish feeds compared with ethoxyquin(EQ) and the effect of dietary EAs on growth performance of carp(Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Firstly, fish feeds were respectively added with EQ, and ethyl ether extract ethyl acetate extract(EAE), acetone extract, ethanol extract(EE) and aqueous extract(AQE) of Angelica sinensis, except for the control. The results showed that EAs and EQ inhibited lipid oxidation in fish feed(P < 0.05). Of all of the examined EAs, EAE showed the strongest protective effects against lipid oxidation(P < 0.05). Moreover, EAE at high concentrations showed a stronger effect on lipid oxidation compared with EQ(P < 0.05). Then, 7 experimental diets respectively supplemented with 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 g/kg of EAE were fed to the respective treatment groups for 30 d. Four replicates were performed for each treatment group; 20 carp(mean weight: 12.10 ± 0.13 g) were in each replicate. The result indicated that dietary EAE improved the growth performance in carp(P < 0.05). The appropriate con centration of EAE for carp growth was estimated to be 3.643 g/kg diet. Thus, EAE could be used as a natural antioxidant in feeds for Jian carp.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82125009,82330045,32121002,82071185,82172061,and 92149303)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2020YFA0509300,2021YFA0804900,and 2022YFC2703102)+4 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB39000000)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-013),Plans for Major Provincial Science&Technology Projects(202303a07020004)Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center Hefei Brain Project,Research Funds of Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM(QYZD20220003)the Major Frontier Research Project of the University of Science and Technology of China(LS9100000002)S&T Program of Shijiazhuang(235790429H).
文摘The entorhinal cortex(EC)-hippocampal(HPC)circuit is particularly vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease(AD)pathol-ogy,yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.By employing the high-depth sequencing strategy Smart-seq2,we tracked gene expression changes across various neuron types within this circuit at different stages of AD pathology.We observed a decrease in the extent of gene expression changes in AD versus wild-type(WT)mice as the disease advanced.Functionally,we demonstrate that both mitochondrial and ribosomal pathways were increasingly activated,while neuronal pathways were inhibited with AD progression.Our findings indicate that the reduction of EC-stellate cells disrupts Meg3-mediated energy metabolism,contributing to energy dysfunction in AD.Additionally,we identified GFAP-positive neurons as a distinct population of disease-associated neurons,exhibiting a loss of neuronal-like characteristics,alongside the emergence of glia-and stem-like features.The num-ber of GFAP-positive neurons increased with AD progression,a trend consistently observed in both AD model mice and AD patients.In summary,this study identifies and characterizes GFAP-positive neurons as a novel subtype of disease-associated neurons in AD pathology,providing insights into their potential role in disease progression.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Project of China(2022ZD0205700)Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,81972701)+2 种基金CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS,2021-I2M-1-074,2022-I2M-2-004)National Special Support Program for High-level Talents,China Ministry of Science and Technology(National Key Research and Development Program,Grant 2017YFA0506200)Innovative and Entrepreneurial Team Program(Jiangsu Province).
文摘Boosting tumor immunosurveillance with vaccines has been proven to be a feasible and cost-effective strategy to fight cancer. Although major breakthroughs have been achieved in preventative tumor vaccines targeting oncogenic viruses, limited advances have been made in curative vaccines for virus-irrelevant malignancies. Accumulating evidence suggests that preconditioning tumor cells with certain cytotoxic drugs can generate whole-cell tumor vaccines with strong prophylactic activities. However, the immunogenicity of these vaccines is not sufficient to restrain the outgrowth of existing tumors. In this study, we identified arsenic trioxide (ATO) as a wide-spectrum cytotoxic and highly immunogenic drug through multiparameter screening. ATO preconditioning could generate whole-cell tumor vaccines with potent antineoplastic effects in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. The tumor-preventive or tumor-suppressive benefits of these vaccines relied on CD8^(+) T cells and type I and II interferon signaling and could be linked to the release of immunostimulatory danger molecules. Unexpectedly, following ATO-induced oxidative stress, multiple cell death pathways were activated, including autophagy, apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. CRISPR‒Cas9-mediated knockout of cell death executors revealed that the absence of Rip3, Mlkl, or Acsl4 largely abolished the efficacy of ATO-based prophylactic and therapeutic cancer vaccines. This therapeutic failure could be rescued by coadministration of danger molecule analogs. In addition, PD-1 blockade synergistically improved the therapeutic efficacy of ATO-based cancer vaccines by augmenting local IFN-γ production.
文摘Although remarkable progress has been made in oncology research,cancer is still a leading cause of death worldwide.It is well recognized that cancer is a genetic disease,yet metabolic alterations or reprogramming are the major phenotypes associated with the(epi-)genetic modifications of cancer cells.Thus,understanding the metabolic changes of tumor cells will facilitate the diagnosis of cancer,alleviate drug resistance and provide novel druggable targets that can lead to cures for cancer.The first Sino-US Symposium on Cancer Metabolism was held in Chongqing on October 10th and 11th,with the theme of“cancer metabolism and precision cancer therapy”.The symposium brought about a dozen keynote speakers each from the US and China's Mainland,as well as one hundred delegates with an interest in cancer metabolism.This short article will briefly summarize the advances reported during this meeting.
