Powdery mildew, which is caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici （Bgt）, is an important leaf disease that affects wheat yield. Powdery mildew-resistance （Pro） gene Pro21 was first transferred into wheat in the ...Powdery mildew, which is caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici （Bgt）, is an important leaf disease that affects wheat yield. Powdery mildew-resistance （Pro） gene Pro21 was first transferred into wheat in the 1980s, by translocating the Heuchera villosa chromosome arm 6VS to the wheat chromosome arm 6AL （6VS.6AL）. Recently, new Bgt isolates that are virulent to Pm21 have been identified in some wheat fields, indicating that wheat breeders should be aware of the risk of deploying Pm21, although pathological details regarding these virulent isolates still remain to be discovered. Pm40 was identified and mapped on the wheat chromosome arm 7BS from several wheat lines developed from the progenies of a wild cross between wheat and Thinopyrum intermedium. Pm40 offers a broad spectrum of resistance to Bgt, which suggests that it is likely to provide potentially durable resistance. Cytological methods did not detect any large alien chromosomal segment in the wheat lines carrying Pm40. Lines with Pm40 and promising agronomical traits have been released by several wheat-breeding programs in the past several years. Therefore, we believe that Pm40 will play a role in powdery mildew-resistance wheat breeding after Pm21 resistance is overcome by Bgt isolates. In addition, both Prn21 and Pm40 were derived from alien species, suggesting that the resistance genes derived from alien species are potentially more durable or effective than those identified from wheat.展开更多
Interleukin 34(IL-34)is a cytokine that shares the receptor with colony-stimulating factor 1(CSF-1).IL-34 is involved in a broad range of pathologic processes including cancer.We previously demonstrated that IL-34 pro...Interleukin 34(IL-34)is a cytokine that shares the receptor with colony-stimulating factor 1(CSF-1).IL-34 is involved in a broad range of pathologic processes including cancer.We previously demonstrated that IL-34 promoted the proliferation and colony formation of human acute monocytic leukemia(AMoL)cells.However,the mechanism has not been elucidated.Here,by analyzing the gene profiles of Molm13 and THP1 cells overexpressing IL-34(Molm13-IL-34 and THP1-IL-34),upregulation of the DNA damageinducible transcript 4(DDIT4)was detected in both series.Knockdown of DDIT4 effectively inhibited the proliferation,promoted apoptosis and colony formation in Molm13-IL-34 and THP1-IL-34 cells.Our results suggest that DDIT4 mediates the proliferationpromotive effect of IL-34 whereas does not mediate the promotive effect of IL-34 on colony formation in AMoL cells.展开更多
Topological quantum computation(TQC)is one of the most striking architectures that can realize fault-tolerant quantum computers.In TQC,the logical space and the quantum gates are topologically protected,i.e.,robust ag...Topological quantum computation(TQC)is one of the most striking architectures that can realize fault-tolerant quantum computers.In TQC,the logical space and the quantum gates are topologically protected,i.e.,robust against local disturbances.The topological protection,however,requires complicated lattice models and hard-to-manipulate dynamics;even the simplest system that can realize universal TQC-the Fibonacci anyon system—lacks a physical realization,let alone braiding the non-Abelian anyons.Here,we propose a disk model that can simulate the Fibonacci anyon system and construct the topologically protected logical spaces with the Fibonacci anyons.Via braiding the Fibonacci anyons,we can implement universal quantum gates on the logical space.Our disk model merely requires two physical qubits to realize three Fibonacci anyons at the boundary.By 15 sequential braiding operations,we construct a topologically protected Hadamard gate,which is to date the least-resource requirement for TQC.To showcase,we implement a topological Hadamard gate with two nuclear spin qubits,which reaches 97.18%fidelity by randomized benchmarking.We further prove by experiment that the logical space and Hadamard gate are topologically protected:local disturbances due to thermal fluctuations result in a global phase only.As a platform-independent proposal,our work is a proof of principle of TQC and paves the way toward fault-tolerant quantum computation.展开更多
Preimplantation genetic testing(PGT)is a precise and effective technique for detecting inherited pathogenic mutations to prevent birth defects.However,there are few reports on PGT for pseudo-autosomal genetic diseases.
基金We are grateful to Dr. Hongjie Li of the Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China, for providing many useful suggestions and for revising this manuscript. We are also grateful for financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （31571661） and the Applied Basic Research Foundation of the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province of China （2017JY0012）.
文摘Powdery mildew, which is caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici （Bgt）, is an important leaf disease that affects wheat yield. Powdery mildew-resistance （Pro） gene Pro21 was first transferred into wheat in the 1980s, by translocating the Heuchera villosa chromosome arm 6VS to the wheat chromosome arm 6AL （6VS.6AL）. Recently, new Bgt isolates that are virulent to Pm21 have been identified in some wheat fields, indicating that wheat breeders should be aware of the risk of deploying Pm21, although pathological details regarding these virulent isolates still remain to be discovered. Pm40 was identified and mapped on the wheat chromosome arm 7BS from several wheat lines developed from the progenies of a wild cross between wheat and Thinopyrum intermedium. Pm40 offers a broad spectrum of resistance to Bgt, which suggests that it is likely to provide potentially durable resistance. Cytological methods did not detect any large alien chromosomal segment in the wheat lines carrying Pm40. Lines with Pm40 and promising agronomical traits have been released by several wheat-breeding programs in the past several years. Therefore, we believe that Pm40 will play a role in powdery mildew-resistance wheat breeding after Pm21 resistance is overcome by Bgt isolates. In addition, both Prn21 and Pm40 were derived from alien species, suggesting that the resistance genes derived from alien species are potentially more durable or effective than those identified from wheat.
基金This work was supported by grants 81770183 and 81970155 from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)programs 2016-I2M-2-006 and 2017-I2M-1-015 from the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)+1 种基金State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Research Grant(Z20-06)G.Z.is a recipient of the New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-08–0329).
文摘Interleukin 34(IL-34)is a cytokine that shares the receptor with colony-stimulating factor 1(CSF-1).IL-34 is involved in a broad range of pathologic processes including cancer.We previously demonstrated that IL-34 promoted the proliferation and colony formation of human acute monocytic leukemia(AMoL)cells.However,the mechanism has not been elucidated.Here,by analyzing the gene profiles of Molm13 and THP1 cells overexpressing IL-34(Molm13-IL-34 and THP1-IL-34),upregulation of the DNA damageinducible transcript 4(DDIT4)was detected in both series.Knockdown of DDIT4 effectively inhibited the proliferation,promoted apoptosis and colony formation in Molm13-IL-34 and THP1-IL-34 cells.Our results suggest that DDIT4 mediates the proliferationpromotive effect of IL-34 whereas does not mediate the promotive effect of IL-34 on colony formation in AMoL cells.
基金The authors thank Ling-Yan Hung for helpful comments on the manuscript.This work is supported by NSFC grant nos.11875109,12075110,and 11875159the National Key Research and Development Program of China(no.2019YFA0308100)+4 种基金General Program of Science and Technology of Shanghai no.21ZR1406700Fudan University Original Project(grant no.IDH1512092/009)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(grant no.2019SHZDZX01)Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(2019ZT08C044)Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(KQTD20190929173815000 and JCYJ20200109140803865).Y.W.is grateful to the Hospitality of the Perimeter Institute during his visit,where the main part of this work was done.
文摘Topological quantum computation(TQC)is one of the most striking architectures that can realize fault-tolerant quantum computers.In TQC,the logical space and the quantum gates are topologically protected,i.e.,robust against local disturbances.The topological protection,however,requires complicated lattice models and hard-to-manipulate dynamics;even the simplest system that can realize universal TQC-the Fibonacci anyon system—lacks a physical realization,let alone braiding the non-Abelian anyons.Here,we propose a disk model that can simulate the Fibonacci anyon system and construct the topologically protected logical spaces with the Fibonacci anyons.Via braiding the Fibonacci anyons,we can implement universal quantum gates on the logical space.Our disk model merely requires two physical qubits to realize three Fibonacci anyons at the boundary.By 15 sequential braiding operations,we construct a topologically protected Hadamard gate,which is to date the least-resource requirement for TQC.To showcase,we implement a topological Hadamard gate with two nuclear spin qubits,which reaches 97.18%fidelity by randomized benchmarking.We further prove by experiment that the logical space and Hadamard gate are topologically protected:local disturbances due to thermal fluctuations result in a global phase only.As a platform-independent proposal,our work is a proof of principle of TQC and paves the way toward fault-tolerant quantum computation.
基金supported by the research grants from the subproject of the China's National Key Research and Development Program(No.2021YFC2701002,2022YFC2703700,2022YFC2703702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81971344,82171677,82192864,82088102,81901495)+8 种基金the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology Program(China)(No.22S31901500,21Y21901002,23ZR1408000)Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(No.GW-10.1-XK07)Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(China)(No.202140110)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2019-12M-5-064)Collaborative Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(China)(No.2020CXJQ01)Clinical Research Plan of SHDC(China)(No.SHDC2020CR1008A)Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Gynecological Diseases(China)(No.22MC1940200)Shanghai Urogenital System Diseases Research Center(China)(No.2022ZZ01012)Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center of Reproduction and Development(China).
文摘Preimplantation genetic testing(PGT)is a precise and effective technique for detecting inherited pathogenic mutations to prevent birth defects.However,there are few reports on PGT for pseudo-autosomal genetic diseases.
