Introducing the inherent genetic diversity of wild species into cultivars has become one of the hot topics in crop genetic breeding and genetic resource research.Fiber-and seed-related traits,which are critical to the...Introducing the inherent genetic diversity of wild species into cultivars has become one of the hot topics in crop genetic breeding and genetic resource research.Fiber-and seed-related traits,which are critical to the global economy and people's livelihoods,are the principal focus of cotton breeding.Here,the wild cotton species Gossypium tomentosum was used to broaden the genetic basis of G.hirsutum and identify QTLs for fiber-and seed-related traits.A population of 559 chromosome segment substitution lines(CSSLs)was established with various chromosome segments from G.tomentosum in a G.hirsutum cultivar background.Totals of 72,89,and 76 QTLs were identified for three yield traits,five fiber quality traits,and six cottonseed nutrient quality traits,respectively.Favorable alleles of 104 QTLs were contributed by G.tomentosum.Sixty-four QTLs were identified in two or more environments,and candidate genes for three of them were further identified.The results of this study contribute to further studies on the genetic basis of the morphogenesis of these economic traits,and indicate the great breeding potential of G.tomentosum for improving the fiber-and seed-related traits in G.hirsutum.展开更多
Objective:Glioblastoma(GBM)is the most prevalent and aggressive adult primary cancer in the central nervous system.Therapeutic approaches for GBM treatment are under intense investigation,including the use of emerging...Objective:Glioblastoma(GBM)is the most prevalent and aggressive adult primary cancer in the central nervous system.Therapeutic approaches for GBM treatment are under intense investigation,including the use of emerging immunotherapies.Here,we propose an alternative approach to treat GBM through reprogramming proliferative GBM cells into non-proliferative neurons.Methods:Retroviruses were used to target highly proliferative human GBM cells through overexpression of neural transcription factors.Immunostaining,electrophysiological recording,and bulk RNA-seq were performed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the neuronal conversion of human GBM cells.An in vivo intracranial xenograft mouse model was used to examine the neuronal conversion of human GBM cells.Results:We report efficient neuronal conversion from human GBM cells by overexpressing single neural transcription factor Neurogenic differentiation 1(Neuro D1),Neurogenin-2(Neurog2),or Achaete-scute homolog 1(Ascl1).Subtype characterization showed that the majority of Neurog2-and Neuro D1-converted neurons were glutamatergic,while Ascl1 favored GABAergic neuron generation.The GBM cell-converted neurons not only showed pan-neuronal markers but also exhibited neuron-specific electrophysiological activities.Transcriptome analyses revealed that neuronal genes were activated in glioma cells after overexpression of neural transcription factors,and different signaling pathways were activated by different neural transcription factors.Importantly,the neuronal conversion of GBM cells was accompanied by significant inhibition of GBM cell proliferation in both in vitro and in vivo models.Conclusions:These results suggest that GBM cells can be reprogrammed into different subtypes of neurons,leading to a potential alternative approach to treat brain tumors using in vivo cell conversion technology.展开更多
Animals may experience early negative(mechanical pain:being retrieved using an incisor by parents or attacked)or positive stimulation(being licked and groomed)that may affect emotional and social behaviors in adulthoo...Animals may experience early negative(mechanical pain:being retrieved using an incisor by parents or attacked)or positive stimulation(being licked and groomed)that may affect emotional and social behaviors in adulthood.Whether positive tactile stimulation can reverse adverse consequences on emotional and social behaviors in adulthood resulting from chronic mechanical pain and underlying mechanisms remain unclear.This study used a tailpinching model during development to simulate mechanical pain experienced by pups in high-social mandarin voles(Microtus mandarinus).Subsequently,brush-like positive tactile stimuli were applied to the backs of the mandarin voles.Various behavioral tests were used to measure levels of anxiety,depression,and sociability.The results showed that early tail-pinching delayed the eye opening of pups,increased levels of anxiety,reduced levels of sociality in male mandarin voles,and impaired social cognition in females during adulthood.Brushing on the back reversed some of these effects.While mandarin voles that were exposed to tail-pinching during development were exposed to sub-threshold variable stress as adults,they were more likely to show a stress-induced increase of anxiety-like behavior,reduction of sociability,and impairment of social cognition,displaying heightened susceptibility to stress,particularly in males.However,back-brushing reversed some of these effects,implying that these adults display enhanced stress resilience.In addition,tail-pinching reduced levels of serum oxytocin and increased corticosterone levels in serum,but back-brushing reversed these effects.Overall,it was found that positive tactile stimulation reversed increases in anxiety and impairments of social behavior induced by negative stimulation in male mandarin voles via alteration of oxytocin and corticosterone levels.展开更多
Cadmium and its compounds are currently known as Class I carcinogens,and excessive intake can cause severe health damage to humans.Rice has a strong absorption effect on cadmium,and rice products with excessive cadmiu...Cadmium and its compounds are currently known as Class I carcinogens,and excessive intake can cause severe health damage to humans.Rice has a strong absorption effect on cadmium,and rice products with excessive cadmium content have caused several significant public health contamination incidents.It is essential to predict the development trend of cadmium hazards in the rice supply chain so that countermeasures can be formulated to reduce the hazards.This paper proposes a deep prediction model for cadmium hazards in the rice supply chain based on the regularization method.Firstly,a long and short-term memory network is used to build the depth prediction model by using the regularization method,and the noise penalty term is added to reduce the model fitting to the noise and prevent the over-fitting caused by the noise.Finally,the optimization of the model hyperparameters was carried out using a Bayesian optimization approach to develop the prediction performance.Then,early warning system for prediction of cadmium hazards in the rice supply chain is built based on the deep prediction model proposed in this paper with SOA architecture,including data resource,business logic,and application service layers.The proposed model performs well on an actual data set of cadmium hazards in the rice supply chain and fits the data well.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172064)。
文摘Introducing the inherent genetic diversity of wild species into cultivars has become one of the hot topics in crop genetic breeding and genetic resource research.Fiber-and seed-related traits,which are critical to the global economy and people's livelihoods,are the principal focus of cotton breeding.Here,the wild cotton species Gossypium tomentosum was used to broaden the genetic basis of G.hirsutum and identify QTLs for fiber-and seed-related traits.A population of 559 chromosome segment substitution lines(CSSLs)was established with various chromosome segments from G.tomentosum in a G.hirsutum cultivar background.Totals of 72,89,and 76 QTLs were identified for three yield traits,five fiber quality traits,and six cottonseed nutrient quality traits,respectively.Favorable alleles of 104 QTLs were contributed by G.tomentosum.Sixty-four QTLs were identified in two or more environments,and candidate genes for three of them were further identified.The results of this study contribute to further studies on the genetic basis of the morphogenesis of these economic traits,and indicate the great breeding potential of G.tomentosum for improving the fiber-and seed-related traits in G.hirsutum.
基金supported by the Charles H.“Skip”Smith Endowment Fund and the Verne M.Willaman Endowment Fund from the Pennsylvania State University to G.C。
文摘Objective:Glioblastoma(GBM)is the most prevalent and aggressive adult primary cancer in the central nervous system.Therapeutic approaches for GBM treatment are under intense investigation,including the use of emerging immunotherapies.Here,we propose an alternative approach to treat GBM through reprogramming proliferative GBM cells into non-proliferative neurons.Methods:Retroviruses were used to target highly proliferative human GBM cells through overexpression of neural transcription factors.Immunostaining,electrophysiological recording,and bulk RNA-seq were performed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the neuronal conversion of human GBM cells.An in vivo intracranial xenograft mouse model was used to examine the neuronal conversion of human GBM cells.Results:We report efficient neuronal conversion from human GBM cells by overexpressing single neural transcription factor Neurogenic differentiation 1(Neuro D1),Neurogenin-2(Neurog2),or Achaete-scute homolog 1(Ascl1).Subtype characterization showed that the majority of Neurog2-and Neuro D1-converted neurons were glutamatergic,while Ascl1 favored GABAergic neuron generation.The GBM cell-converted neurons not only showed pan-neuronal markers but also exhibited neuron-specific electrophysiological activities.Transcriptome analyses revealed that neuronal genes were activated in glioma cells after overexpression of neural transcription factors,and different signaling pathways were activated by different neural transcription factors.Importantly,the neuronal conversion of GBM cells was accompanied by significant inhibition of GBM cell proliferation in both in vitro and in vivo models.Conclusions:These results suggest that GBM cells can be reprogrammed into different subtypes of neurons,leading to a potential alternative approach to treat brain tumors using in vivo cell conversion technology.
基金funded by the STI2030-Majior Projects grant number 2022ZD0205101the National Natural Science Foundation of China grants numbers 32270510 and 31901082+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China grant number 2020JQ-412the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation grant number 2019M653534the Fundamental Research Funds for Central University grants number GK202301012.
文摘Animals may experience early negative(mechanical pain:being retrieved using an incisor by parents or attacked)or positive stimulation(being licked and groomed)that may affect emotional and social behaviors in adulthood.Whether positive tactile stimulation can reverse adverse consequences on emotional and social behaviors in adulthood resulting from chronic mechanical pain and underlying mechanisms remain unclear.This study used a tailpinching model during development to simulate mechanical pain experienced by pups in high-social mandarin voles(Microtus mandarinus).Subsequently,brush-like positive tactile stimuli were applied to the backs of the mandarin voles.Various behavioral tests were used to measure levels of anxiety,depression,and sociability.The results showed that early tail-pinching delayed the eye opening of pups,increased levels of anxiety,reduced levels of sociality in male mandarin voles,and impaired social cognition in females during adulthood.Brushing on the back reversed some of these effects.While mandarin voles that were exposed to tail-pinching during development were exposed to sub-threshold variable stress as adults,they were more likely to show a stress-induced increase of anxiety-like behavior,reduction of sociability,and impairment of social cognition,displaying heightened susceptibility to stress,particularly in males.However,back-brushing reversed some of these effects,implying that these adults display enhanced stress resilience.In addition,tail-pinching reduced levels of serum oxytocin and increased corticosterone levels in serum,but back-brushing reversed these effects.Overall,it was found that positive tactile stimulation reversed increases in anxiety and impairments of social behavior induced by negative stimulation in male mandarin voles via alteration of oxytocin and corticosterone levels.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1600605,2020YFC1606801).
文摘Cadmium and its compounds are currently known as Class I carcinogens,and excessive intake can cause severe health damage to humans.Rice has a strong absorption effect on cadmium,and rice products with excessive cadmium content have caused several significant public health contamination incidents.It is essential to predict the development trend of cadmium hazards in the rice supply chain so that countermeasures can be formulated to reduce the hazards.This paper proposes a deep prediction model for cadmium hazards in the rice supply chain based on the regularization method.Firstly,a long and short-term memory network is used to build the depth prediction model by using the regularization method,and the noise penalty term is added to reduce the model fitting to the noise and prevent the over-fitting caused by the noise.Finally,the optimization of the model hyperparameters was carried out using a Bayesian optimization approach to develop the prediction performance.Then,early warning system for prediction of cadmium hazards in the rice supply chain is built based on the deep prediction model proposed in this paper with SOA architecture,including data resource,business logic,and application service layers.The proposed model performs well on an actual data set of cadmium hazards in the rice supply chain and fits the data well.
