BACKGROUND:Community-acquired pneumonia(CAP)represents a significant public health concern due to its widespread prevalence and substantial healthcare costs.This study was to utilize an integrated proteomic and metabo...BACKGROUND:Community-acquired pneumonia(CAP)represents a significant public health concern due to its widespread prevalence and substantial healthcare costs.This study was to utilize an integrated proteomic and metabolomic approach to explore the mechanisms involved in severe CAP.METHODS:We integrated proteomics and metabolomics data to identify potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of severe CAP.Plasma samples were collected from 46 CAP patients(including27 with severe CAP and 19 with non-severe CAP)and 19 healthy controls upon admission.A comprehensive analysis of the combined proteomics and metabolomics data was then performed to elucidate the key pathological features associated with CAP severity.RESULTS:The proteomic and metabolic signature was markedly dif ferent between CAPs and healthy controls.Pathway analysis of changes revealed complement and coagulation cascades,ribosome,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)signaling pathway and lipid metabolic process as contributors to CAP.Furthermore,alterations in lipid metabolism,including sphingolipids and phosphatidylcholines(PCs),and dysregulation of cadherin binding were observed,potentially contributing to the development of severe CAP.Specifi cally,within the severe CAP group,sphingosine-1-phosphate(S1P)and apolipoproteins(APOC1 and APOA2)levels were downregulated,while S100P level was signifi cantly upregulated.CONCLUSION:The combined proteomic and metabolomic analysis may elucidate the complexity of CAP severity and inform the development of improved diagnostic tools.展开更多
Background:Global climate change,characterized by changes in precipitation,prolonged growing seasons,and warming-induced water deficits,is putting increased pressure on forest ecosystems globally.Understanding the imp...Background:Global climate change,characterized by changes in precipitation,prolonged growing seasons,and warming-induced water deficits,is putting increased pressure on forest ecosystems globally.Understanding the impact of climate change on drought-prone forests is a key objective in assessing forest responses to climate change.Methods:In this study,we assessed tree growth trends and changes in physiological activity under climate change based on measurements of tree ring and stable isotopes.Additionally,structural equation models were used to identify the climate drivers influencing tree growth for the period 1957–2016.Results:We found that the mean basal area increment decreased first and then increased,while the water use efficiency showed a steady increase.The effects of climate warming on tree growth switched from negative to positive in the period 1957–2016.Adequate water supply,especially snowmelt water available in the early critical period,combined with an earlier arrival of the growing season,allowed to be the key to the reversal of the effects of warming on temperature forests.The analysis of structural equation models(SEM)also demonstrated that the growth response of Pinus tabuliformis to the observed temperature increase was closely related to the increase in water availability.Conclusions:Our study indicates that warming is not the direct cause of forest decline,but does indeed exacerbate droughts,which generally cause forest declines.Water availability at the beginning of the growing season might be critical in the adaptation to rising temperatures in Asia.Temperate forests may be better able to withstand rising temperatures if they have sufficient water,with boosted growth even possible during periods of rising temperatures,thus forming stronger carbon sinks.展开更多
Excellent radiation resistance is a prerequisite for pressure-sensitive hydrogels to be used in high-energy radiation environments. In this work, tannic acid-modified boron nitride nanosheet(BNNS-TA) is first prepared...Excellent radiation resistance is a prerequisite for pressure-sensitive hydrogels to be used in high-energy radiation environments. In this work, tannic acid-modified boron nitride nanosheet(BNNS-TA) is first prepared as the radiation-resistant additive by a facile one-step ball milling of hexagonal boron nitride and tannic acid. Then, polyacrylamide(PAAm)-based pressure-sensitive hydrogel doped with BNNS-TA and Fe^(3+)ions is fabricated. The ternary BNNS-TA/Fe^(3+)/PAAm hydrogel exhibits excellent compressive strength(at least four times the compressive strength of unfilled pure PAAm hydrogel), pressure-sensitive performance(gauge factor is up to 1.4), and performance recovery due to the combination of multiple intermolecular interactions, such as covalent crosslinking, hydrogen bonds, and ion coordination interactions.The BNNS-TA/Fe^(3+)/PAAm hydrogel can be made as a pressure sensor installed in the control circuit or attached on the human body to detect human activities accurately. More importantly, the compressive strength and the pressure-sensitive performance of the BNNS-TA/Fe^(3+)/PAAm hydrogel can be maintained after the hydrogel is irradiated by^(60)Co gamma-ray at an absorbed dose of 15 k Gy. As a comparison, the compressive strength of the unfilled PAAm hydrogel is only a quarter of that before irradiation. This work not only reveals a facile method to achieve the preparation of chemically modified BNNS as a promising radiation-resistant additive but also provides a novel strategy for the development of pressure-sensitive hydrogel devices in radiation environments.展开更多
Objective:Neoadjuvant therapy(NAT)has been widely implemented as an essential treatment to improve therapeutic efficacy in patients with locally-advanced cancer to reduce tumor burden and prolong survival,particularly...Objective:Neoadjuvant therapy(NAT)has been widely implemented as an essential treatment to improve therapeutic efficacy in patients with locally-advanced cancer to reduce tumor burden and prolong survival,particularly for human epidermal growth receptor 2-positive and triple-negative breast cancer.The role of peripheral immune components in predicting therapeutic responses has received limited attention.Herein we determined the relationship between dynamic changes in peripheral immune indices and therapeutic responses during NAT administration.Methods:Peripheral immune index data were collected from 134 patients before and after NAT.Logistic regression and machine learning algorithms were applied to the feature selection and model construction processes,respectively.Results:Peripheral immune status with a greater number of CD3^(+)T cells before and after NAT,and a greater number of CD8^(+)T cells,fewer CD4^(+)T cells,and fewer NK cells after NAT was significantly related to a pathological complete response(P<0.05).The post-NAT NK cell-to-pre-NAT NK cell ratio was negatively correlated with the response to NAT(HR=0.13,P=0.008).Based on the results of logistic regression,14 reliable features(P<0.05)were selected to construct the machine learning model.The random forest model exhibited the best power to predict efficacy of NAT among 10 machine learning model approaches(AUC=0.733).Conclusions:Statistically significant relationships between several specific immune indices and the efficacy of NAT were revealed.A random forest model based on dynamic changes in peripheral immune indices showed robust performance in predicting NAT efficacy.展开更多
An accurate period is important to recover the pulse profile from a recorded photon event series of an X-ray pulsar and to estimate the pulse time of arrival,which is the measurement of X-ray pulsar navigation.Epoch f...An accurate period is important to recover the pulse profile from a recorded photon event series of an X-ray pulsar and to estimate the pulse time of arrival,which is the measurement of X-ray pulsar navigation.Epoch folding is a classical period estimation method in the time domain;however,its computational complexity grows as the number of trail periods increases.In order to reduce the computational complexity,this paper improves the fast folding algorithm through segment correlation and amplitude accumulation,which is based on the post-order traversal of a binary tree.Compared with epoch folding,the improved fast folding algorithm can achieve a similar accuracy at the cost of a lower computational burden.Compared with the original fast folding algorithm,the improved algorithm can be applied to detectors with a much smaller effective area.The performance of the method is investigated by simulation data and observation data from the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer(NICER).展开更多
Paleoclimate changes during the last glacial in the arid central Asia are not as well understood as the monsoon-dominated areas of Asia. Here we report a 75-m-long sediment core over past 120 kyr based on astronomical...Paleoclimate changes during the last glacial in the arid central Asia are not as well understood as the monsoon-dominated areas of Asia. Here we report a 75-m-long sediment core over past 120 kyr based on astronomical tuning combined with the optically stimulated luminescence(OSL) dating in the Kashi depression of the western Tarim Basin, Northwest China. Analysis of grain size and highresolution gamma ray(GR) logs from the KT11 borehole across the last glacial period yields a climate history for the Tarim Basin which reflects the variations of its temperature and the hydrological cycles. Comparison of these records with north hemisphere summer insolation, the Greenland ice core temperature, stalagmites and the loess from the nearby region indicates that the deposits in the fluvio-lacustrine system of the Kashi depression responded to climate change at the Younger Dryas(YD), six Heinrich cooling events and the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles. Our work indicates that the alternations between warm-humid and cold-dry climates were prevalent in the western Tarim Basin during the last glacial period, showing an in-phase pattern with the climate variations of the East Asian Monsoon, controlled ultimately by precession and North Atlantic Ocean climate variability on orbital-millennial time scales.展开更多
Here, we report a finding on light-mediated CO_(2)^(-)responsiveness. It is found on the microgels that are made of side-chain type metallopolymers containing metalla-aromatics. Turbidity and laser light scattering st...Here, we report a finding on light-mediated CO_(2)^(-)responsiveness. It is found on the microgels that are made of side-chain type metallopolymers containing metalla-aromatics. Turbidity and laser light scattering studies on dilute aqueous dispersion of these microgels in dark indicate high CO_(2)^(-)responsivity, but poor reversibility upon N2 purge, which can be improved by exposing to light. This light-mediated CO_(2)^(-)responsiveness can be elucidated by the loss of aromaticity from initial photoexcitation and concurrent formation of a less reactive, antiaromatic excited state of relatively low CO_(2) binding affinity, and by subsequent relief of antiaromaticity that can enhance the CO_(2) removal. The finding is also checked by CO_(2) uptake-release experiments on the microgels, which enables both CO_(2) capture of high capacity and CO_(2) removal of good reversibility under a mild condition, allowing effective and reversible response to dilute CO_(2).展开更多
Scheduled for launch in 2030,the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarization(eXTP)telescope is a Chinese space-based mission aimed at studying extreme conditions and phenomena in astrophysics.eXTP will feature three main p...Scheduled for launch in 2030,the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarization(eXTP)telescope is a Chinese space-based mission aimed at studying extreme conditions and phenomena in astrophysics.eXTP will feature three main payloads:Spectroscopy Focusing Array(SFA),Polarimetry Focusing Array(PFA),and a Wide-field Camera(W2C).This white paper outlines observatory science,incorporating key scientific advances and instrumental changes since the publication of the previous white paper.We will discuss perspectives of eXTP on the research domains of flare stars,supernova remnants,pulsar wind nebulae,cataclysmic variables,X-ray binaries,ultraluminous X-ray sources,active galactic nucleus(AGN),and pulsar-based positioning and timekeeping.展开更多
The optimal chemotherapy backbone and specific population of triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)patients that benefit from neoadjuvant immunotherapy are not well established.This prospective,single-arm,phaseⅡTREND tr...The optimal chemotherapy backbone and specific population of triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)patients that benefit from neoadjuvant immunotherapy are not well established.This prospective,single-arm,phaseⅡTREND trial assessed the efficacy and safety of tislelizumab plus nab-paclitaxel and epirubicin/cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy as a neoadjuvant treatment for TNBC(ChiCTR2000035262).The primary endpoint was pathological complete response(pCR),with the secondary endpoints including safety assessment and objective response rate(ORR).ScRNA-seq,bulk RNA-seq,TCR-seq,cyTOF and WES were performed on pre-treatment and post-treatment samples.Among 53 total enrolled patients,44 completed the combined neoadjuvant therapy,and 30 of 44 patients(68.18%)achieved pCR.Additionally,14 out of 44 patients had a complete response(31.82%),with an ORR of 93.18%.The most commonly observed treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs)were alopecia,nausea and liver injury with 6 cases classified as grade 3 or higher adverse events.Immune response-related pathways,including TNF signaling pathway,T cell receptor signaling pathway,were enriched in pCR group.Pre-treatment model was identified and construct to predict response to immunotherapy.CDKN1A+CD8 T lymphocytes were enriched in pCR group after neoadjuvant immunotherapy.Dynamic change of immune-related pathways at an early stage during the neoadjuvant immunotherapy may be associated with the treatment effcacy.In conclusion,neoadjuvant treatment of tislelizumab with nab-paclitaxel and anthracycline-based chemotherapy showed promising clinical activity and was well-tolerated among TNBC patients,without high incidence of TRAEs.These findings provide evidence supporting neoadjuvant tislelizumab with chemotherapy as an effective rational approach for treating TNBC.展开更多
Nerve guidance conduits have demonstrated great promise for the restoration of injured peripheral nerves in recent decades.Associated research has focused on improving the structure and function of these conduits as w...Nerve guidance conduits have demonstrated great promise for the restoration of injured peripheral nerves in recent decades.Associated research has focused on improving the structure and function of these conduits as well as simplifying the manufacturing processes.Herein,a novel decellularized umbilical cord(DUC)wrapped with conductive hydrogel is presented for peripheral nerve regeneration,which is prepared by integrating the DUC matrix into a methacrylate gelatin(GelMA)/Ti3C2Tx MXene(MXene)composite hollow conduit(named DUC–MXene–GelMA conduit).The obtained DUC–MXene–GelMA conduit displays superior mechanical properties,electrical conductivity,and biocompatibility.Particularly,ascribed to the introduction of DUC and MXene,the DUC–MXene–GelMA conduit exhibits satisfactory biological effects in promoting neuron growth and Schwann cell proliferation and migration.Through in vivo experiments using a rat sciatic nerve injury model,the beneficial effects of the DUC–MXene–GelMA conduit on axonal regeneration and motor function recovery are demonstrated.These findings indicate that the DUC–MXene–GelMA conduit may be a promising candidate for peripheral nerve injury repair.展开更多
Optical trapping techniques hold great interest for their advantages that enable direct handling of nanoparticles. In this work, we study the optical trapping effects of a diffraction-limited focal field possessing an...Optical trapping techniques hold great interest for their advantages that enable direct handling of nanoparticles. In this work, we study the optical trapping effects of a diffraction-limited focal field possessing an arbitrary photonic spin and propose a convenient method to manipulate the movement behavior of the trapped nanoparticles. In order to achieve controllable spin axis orientation and ellipticity of the tightly focused beam in three dimensions, an efficient method to analytically calculate and experimentally generate complex optical fields at the pupil plane of a high numerical aperture lens is developed. By numerically calculating the optical forces and torques of Rayleigh particles with spherical/ellipsoidal shape, we demonstrate that the interactions between the tunable photonic spin and nanoparticles lead to not only 3D trapping but also precise control of the nanoparticles' movements in terms of stable orientation, rotational orientation, and rotation frequency. This versatile trapping method may open up new avenues for optical trapping and their applications in various scientific fields.展开更多
Changes in forest cover can affect not only the total runoff from a watershed,but also the runoff components(e.g.,surface runoff,interflow,groundwater flow).In this study,based on the WetSpa model simulation method an...Changes in forest cover can affect not only the total runoff from a watershed,but also the runoff components(e.g.,surface runoff,interflow,groundwater flow).In this study,based on the WetSpa model simulation method and the recursive digital filtering(RDF)method,the Banchengzi watershed in the mountainous region of Beijing,China,was selected to investigate how changes in forest cover type and cover percentage affect total runoff,surface runoff,interflow,and groundwater flow through scenario settings.Our results show that the difference between the WetSpa model and the RDF method for separating runoff components is small,with only 4.7%and 0.4%difference between the calibration and validation periods.Total runoff in different forest types followed the order shrub forest>coniferous forest>mixed forest>broadleaf forest.Regarding runoff components,the proportions of baseflow(sum of interflow and groundwater flow)to total runoff were 61.1%and 60.8%for broadleaf and mixed forests,which was significantly higher than those of 53.0%and 43.1%for coniferous and shrub forests.However,the proportion of shrub forest baseflow was high in wet years,and that of broadleaf forest baseflow was high in normal and dry years.The proportions of interflow and groundwater flow from various forest cover types to total runoff continued to increase with increasing forest cover rate.Our results have important implications for the implementation of afforestation projects and forest conservation programs,contributing to water resource regulation and ecosystem protection in watersheds.展开更多
As structural variants of famous hexagonal tungsten bronzes,hexagonal tungsten oxides(HTO)represent an important family with fascinating functional properties,such as piezoelectric,ferroelectric,pyroelectric,and nonli...As structural variants of famous hexagonal tungsten bronzes,hexagonal tungsten oxides(HTO)represent an important family with fascinating functional properties,such as piezoelectric,ferroelectric,pyroelectric,and nonlinear optical(NLO)properties.However,none of them are transparent in the deep-UV spectral region,which limits their applications.Herein,we report the first HTO-type monofluorophosphate K_(3)Sc_(3)(PO_(4))(PO_(3)F)_(2)F_(5)(I)with deep-UV transparency.Such a monofluorophosphate is NLO-active with a phase-matchable powder second harmonic generation efficiency of 0.9 times that of KH_(2)PO_(4)at 1,064 nm.Importantly,the UV-Vis reflectance spectrum indicates that it is deep-UV transparent down to 200 nm.This work pushes the transparent window of NLO materials with HTO-type structures down to the deep-UV spectral region for the first time and opens up a new door for HTO materials.展开更多
Background Accurate estimation of potential evapotranspiration(PET)is the key for studying land-air interaction hydrological processes.Several models are used to estimate the PET based on standardized meteorological d...Background Accurate estimation of potential evapotranspiration(PET)is the key for studying land-air interaction hydrological processes.Several models are used to estimate the PET based on standardized meteorological data.Although combination-based models have the highest level performance estimation of PET,they require more meteorological data and may therefore be difficult to apply in areas lacking meteorological observation data.Results The results showed significant differences in the spatial trends of PET calculated by different models in China,the Doorenbots–Pruitts model revealed the highest PET(1902.6 mm),and the Kuzmin model revealed the lowest PET(349.6 mm),with the largest difference being 5.5 times.The Romanenko and the Rohwer models were the recommended temperature-based and aerodynamic-based models.On the other hand,the Abtew model was more suitable for arid and semi-arid regions,while the Priestley–Taylor model was more suitable for humid regions.Combination-based models revealed ideal calculation accuracies,among which the Penman–Monteith model was the best option for PET calculation.Conclusions The accuracy range of Romanenko,Rohwer,Abten,Priestley Taylor,and Penman Monteith models improved in MPZ and TCZ is higher than that improved in TMZ and SMZ.This does not mean that the improved models have higher accuracy in MPZ and TCZ than in TMZ and SMZ.On the contrary,the original model performed poorly in MPZ and TCZ,so the improved accuracy was relatively large.The unimproved model was already more suitable in TMZ and SMZ,so the improved accuracy was relatively small.Therefore,regional calibration of the PET models can improve the accuracy and applicability of PET calculation,providing a reference for studying hydrological processes in different climatic zones.展开更多
Cochlear implantation(CI)offers a dependable treatment for sensorineural hearing loss,with precision electroa-coustic stimulation parameters showing great potential in improving auditory outcomes in CI patients.Here,w...Cochlear implantation(CI)offers a dependable treatment for sensorineural hearing loss,with precision electroa-coustic stimulation parameters showing great potential in improving auditory outcomes in CI patients.Here,we report the attachment of MXene into CI systems which effectively mimic the neural electrode interface due to MXene’s excellent electrical conductivity and biocompatibility.Low-frequency short-term biphasic electrical pulses emitted by the MXenes-based CI promoted the outgrowth of spiral ganglion neuron(SGN)neurites and growth cones,substantially boosting the calcium activity in SGNs.This study lays a theoretical foundation for the precision medicine approaches in CI patient care,and informs the selection of materials for cochlear implant electrode materials in the future.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2501800,2023YFC0872500 and 2024YFC3044600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82072214,82272198,82202373)+1 种基金the Science and Technology of Shanghai Committee(21MC1930400,22Y11900100 and 23Y31900100)the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(2023ZDFC0101)。
文摘BACKGROUND:Community-acquired pneumonia(CAP)represents a significant public health concern due to its widespread prevalence and substantial healthcare costs.This study was to utilize an integrated proteomic and metabolomic approach to explore the mechanisms involved in severe CAP.METHODS:We integrated proteomics and metabolomics data to identify potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of severe CAP.Plasma samples were collected from 46 CAP patients(including27 with severe CAP and 19 with non-severe CAP)and 19 healthy controls upon admission.A comprehensive analysis of the combined proteomics and metabolomics data was then performed to elucidate the key pathological features associated with CAP severity.RESULTS:The proteomic and metabolic signature was markedly dif ferent between CAPs and healthy controls.Pathway analysis of changes revealed complement and coagulation cascades,ribosome,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)signaling pathway and lipid metabolic process as contributors to CAP.Furthermore,alterations in lipid metabolism,including sphingolipids and phosphatidylcholines(PCs),and dysregulation of cadherin binding were observed,potentially contributing to the development of severe CAP.Specifi cally,within the severe CAP group,sphingosine-1-phosphate(S1P)and apolipoproteins(APOC1 and APOA2)levels were downregulated,while S100P level was signifi cantly upregulated.CONCLUSION:The combined proteomic and metabolomic analysis may elucidate the complexity of CAP severity and inform the development of improved diagnostic tools.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41877152)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2019ZY35)the Beijing Municipal Education Commission(CEFF_PXM2019_014207_000099).
文摘Background:Global climate change,characterized by changes in precipitation,prolonged growing seasons,and warming-induced water deficits,is putting increased pressure on forest ecosystems globally.Understanding the impact of climate change on drought-prone forests is a key objective in assessing forest responses to climate change.Methods:In this study,we assessed tree growth trends and changes in physiological activity under climate change based on measurements of tree ring and stable isotopes.Additionally,structural equation models were used to identify the climate drivers influencing tree growth for the period 1957–2016.Results:We found that the mean basal area increment decreased first and then increased,while the water use efficiency showed a steady increase.The effects of climate warming on tree growth switched from negative to positive in the period 1957–2016.Adequate water supply,especially snowmelt water available in the early critical period,combined with an earlier arrival of the growing season,allowed to be the key to the reversal of the effects of warming on temperature forests.The analysis of structural equation models(SEM)also demonstrated that the growth response of Pinus tabuliformis to the observed temperature increase was closely related to the increase in water availability.Conclusions:Our study indicates that warming is not the direct cause of forest decline,but does indeed exacerbate droughts,which generally cause forest declines.Water availability at the beginning of the growing season might be critical in the adaptation to rising temperatures in Asia.Temperate forests may be better able to withstand rising temperatures if they have sufficient water,with boosted growth even possible during periods of rising temperatures,thus forming stronger carbon sinks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51773189 and 51973205)the Joint Laboratory for University of Science and Technology of China and Yanchang Petroleum (No.ES2060200084)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos.WK3450000005,WK3450000006)。
文摘Excellent radiation resistance is a prerequisite for pressure-sensitive hydrogels to be used in high-energy radiation environments. In this work, tannic acid-modified boron nitride nanosheet(BNNS-TA) is first prepared as the radiation-resistant additive by a facile one-step ball milling of hexagonal boron nitride and tannic acid. Then, polyacrylamide(PAAm)-based pressure-sensitive hydrogel doped with BNNS-TA and Fe^(3+)ions is fabricated. The ternary BNNS-TA/Fe^(3+)/PAAm hydrogel exhibits excellent compressive strength(at least four times the compressive strength of unfilled pure PAAm hydrogel), pressure-sensitive performance(gauge factor is up to 1.4), and performance recovery due to the combination of multiple intermolecular interactions, such as covalent crosslinking, hydrogen bonds, and ion coordination interactions.The BNNS-TA/Fe^(3+)/PAAm hydrogel can be made as a pressure sensor installed in the control circuit or attached on the human body to detect human activities accurately. More importantly, the compressive strength and the pressure-sensitive performance of the BNNS-TA/Fe^(3+)/PAAm hydrogel can be maintained after the hydrogel is irradiated by^(60)Co gamma-ray at an absorbed dose of 15 k Gy. As a comparison, the compressive strength of the unfilled PAAm hydrogel is only a quarter of that before irradiation. This work not only reveals a facile method to achieve the preparation of chemically modified BNNS as a promising radiation-resistant additive but also provides a novel strategy for the development of pressure-sensitive hydrogel devices in radiation environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82203786)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(Grant No.2022-YGJC-68)Chinese Young Breast Experts Research project(Grant No.CYBER-2021-A02)。
文摘Objective:Neoadjuvant therapy(NAT)has been widely implemented as an essential treatment to improve therapeutic efficacy in patients with locally-advanced cancer to reduce tumor burden and prolong survival,particularly for human epidermal growth receptor 2-positive and triple-negative breast cancer.The role of peripheral immune components in predicting therapeutic responses has received limited attention.Herein we determined the relationship between dynamic changes in peripheral immune indices and therapeutic responses during NAT administration.Methods:Peripheral immune index data were collected from 134 patients before and after NAT.Logistic regression and machine learning algorithms were applied to the feature selection and model construction processes,respectively.Results:Peripheral immune status with a greater number of CD3^(+)T cells before and after NAT,and a greater number of CD8^(+)T cells,fewer CD4^(+)T cells,and fewer NK cells after NAT was significantly related to a pathological complete response(P<0.05).The post-NAT NK cell-to-pre-NAT NK cell ratio was negatively correlated with the response to NAT(HR=0.13,P=0.008).Based on the results of logistic regression,14 reliable features(P<0.05)were selected to construct the machine learning model.The random forest model exhibited the best power to predict efficacy of NAT among 10 machine learning model approaches(AUC=0.733).Conclusions:Statistically significant relationships between several specific immune indices and the efficacy of NAT were revealed.A random forest model based on dynamic changes in peripheral immune indices showed robust performance in predicting NAT efficacy.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61703413).
文摘An accurate period is important to recover the pulse profile from a recorded photon event series of an X-ray pulsar and to estimate the pulse time of arrival,which is the measurement of X-ray pulsar navigation.Epoch folding is a classical period estimation method in the time domain;however,its computational complexity grows as the number of trail periods increases.In order to reduce the computational complexity,this paper improves the fast folding algorithm through segment correlation and amplitude accumulation,which is based on the post-order traversal of a binary tree.Compared with epoch folding,the improved fast folding algorithm can achieve a similar accuracy at the cost of a lower computational burden.Compared with the original fast folding algorithm,the improved algorithm can be applied to detectors with a much smaller effective area.The performance of the method is investigated by simulation data and observation data from the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer(NICER).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41772029, 41322013)Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hubei Province of China (No. 2016CFA051)+2 种基金the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (Nos. B14031, B08030)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) (Nos. CUGCJ1703, CUGQYZX1705)Hydrogeological Environmental Geological Survey of Kashi, Xinjiang (No. S15-2LQ1)。
文摘Paleoclimate changes during the last glacial in the arid central Asia are not as well understood as the monsoon-dominated areas of Asia. Here we report a 75-m-long sediment core over past 120 kyr based on astronomical tuning combined with the optically stimulated luminescence(OSL) dating in the Kashi depression of the western Tarim Basin, Northwest China. Analysis of grain size and highresolution gamma ray(GR) logs from the KT11 borehole across the last glacial period yields a climate history for the Tarim Basin which reflects the variations of its temperature and the hydrological cycles. Comparison of these records with north hemisphere summer insolation, the Greenland ice core temperature, stalagmites and the loess from the nearby region indicates that the deposits in the fluvio-lacustrine system of the Kashi depression responded to climate change at the Younger Dryas(YD), six Heinrich cooling events and the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles. Our work indicates that the alternations between warm-humid and cold-dry climates were prevalent in the western Tarim Basin during the last glacial period, showing an in-phase pattern with the climate variations of the East Asian Monsoon, controlled ultimately by precession and North Atlantic Ocean climate variability on orbital-millennial time scales.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21774105, 21805164, 20923004)Chuying Plan Youth Top-notch Talents of Fujian ProvinceNational Fund for Fostering Talents of Basic Science (No. J1310024)。
文摘Here, we report a finding on light-mediated CO_(2)^(-)responsiveness. It is found on the microgels that are made of side-chain type metallopolymers containing metalla-aromatics. Turbidity and laser light scattering studies on dilute aqueous dispersion of these microgels in dark indicate high CO_(2)^(-)responsivity, but poor reversibility upon N2 purge, which can be improved by exposing to light. This light-mediated CO_(2)^(-)responsiveness can be elucidated by the loss of aromaticity from initial photoexcitation and concurrent formation of a less reactive, antiaromatic excited state of relatively low CO_(2) binding affinity, and by subsequent relief of antiaromaticity that can enhance the CO_(2) removal. The finding is also checked by CO_(2) uptake-release experiments on the microgels, which enables both CO_(2) capture of high capacity and CO_(2) removal of good reversibility under a mild condition, allowing effective and reversible response to dilute CO_(2).
基金supported by the China’s Space Origins Exploration Program,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12273010,12333007,12433004,12233002,12373041,and 12422306)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.113111KYSB20190020)+9 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA15020100)the Spanish MICIU(Grant Nos.PID2021-124581OB-I0,PID2024-155316NB-I00,and 2021SGR00426)the Ramon y Cajal Fellowship(Grant Nos.RYC2021-032718-I,and RYC2018-025950-I)the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR,the Spanish MINECO(Grant Nos.PID2022-136828NB-C44,and PID2023-148661NB-I00)the E.U.FEDER Funds,the AGAUR/Generalitat de Catalunya(Grant No.SGR-386/2021)the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)-Projektnummer(Grant No.549824807)the Programma di Ricerca Fondamentale INAF 2023,the National SKA Program of China(Grant No.2020SKA0120300)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA0718500)the Xinjiang Tianchi Program,the Hong Kong Government under HKU(Grant No.17304524)the Bagui Scholars Program.
文摘Scheduled for launch in 2030,the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarization(eXTP)telescope is a Chinese space-based mission aimed at studying extreme conditions and phenomena in astrophysics.eXTP will feature three main payloads:Spectroscopy Focusing Array(SFA),Polarimetry Focusing Array(PFA),and a Wide-field Camera(W2C).This white paper outlines observatory science,incorporating key scientific advances and instrumental changes since the publication of the previous white paper.We will discuss perspectives of eXTP on the research domains of flare stars,supernova remnants,pulsar wind nebulae,cataclysmic variables,X-ray binaries,ultraluminous X-ray sources,active galactic nucleus(AGN),and pulsar-based positioning and timekeeping.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82203786,82373231)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(2022-YGJC-68,2023-BS-105)Chinese Young Breast Experts Research Project(CYBER-2021-A02,CYBER-2022-001).
文摘The optimal chemotherapy backbone and specific population of triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)patients that benefit from neoadjuvant immunotherapy are not well established.This prospective,single-arm,phaseⅡTREND trial assessed the efficacy and safety of tislelizumab plus nab-paclitaxel and epirubicin/cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy as a neoadjuvant treatment for TNBC(ChiCTR2000035262).The primary endpoint was pathological complete response(pCR),with the secondary endpoints including safety assessment and objective response rate(ORR).ScRNA-seq,bulk RNA-seq,TCR-seq,cyTOF and WES were performed on pre-treatment and post-treatment samples.Among 53 total enrolled patients,44 completed the combined neoadjuvant therapy,and 30 of 44 patients(68.18%)achieved pCR.Additionally,14 out of 44 patients had a complete response(31.82%),with an ORR of 93.18%.The most commonly observed treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs)were alopecia,nausea and liver injury with 6 cases classified as grade 3 or higher adverse events.Immune response-related pathways,including TNF signaling pathway,T cell receptor signaling pathway,were enriched in pCR group.Pre-treatment model was identified and construct to predict response to immunotherapy.CDKN1A+CD8 T lymphocytes were enriched in pCR group after neoadjuvant immunotherapy.Dynamic change of immune-related pathways at an early stage during the neoadjuvant immunotherapy may be associated with the treatment effcacy.In conclusion,neoadjuvant treatment of tislelizumab with nab-paclitaxel and anthracycline-based chemotherapy showed promising clinical activity and was well-tolerated among TNBC patients,without high incidence of TRAEs.These findings provide evidence supporting neoadjuvant tislelizumab with chemotherapy as an effective rational approach for treating TNBC.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,Grant/Award Numbers:2020YFA0113600,2021YFA1101300,2021YFA1101800,2020YFA0112503National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:82330033,82030029,92149304,82371167,82102181+9 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,Grant/Award Numbers:BK20232007,BK20210009Jiangsu Provincial Scientific Research Center of Applied Mathematics,Grant/Award Number:BK20233002Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province,Grant/Award Number:2021YFS0371Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,Grant/Award Numbers:JCYJ20190814093401920,JCYJ202103241256080222022 Open Project Fund of Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences,Grant/Award Number:YKY-KF202201China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talent,Grant/Award Number:BX20230070China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2023M740606Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent,Grant/Award Number:2023ZB597SEU Innovation Capability Enhancement Plan for Doctoral Students,Grant/Award Number:CXJH_SEU 24214Nanjing Distinguished Young Scholars Foundation,Grant/Award Number:JQX22002。
文摘Nerve guidance conduits have demonstrated great promise for the restoration of injured peripheral nerves in recent decades.Associated research has focused on improving the structure and function of these conduits as well as simplifying the manufacturing processes.Herein,a novel decellularized umbilical cord(DUC)wrapped with conductive hydrogel is presented for peripheral nerve regeneration,which is prepared by integrating the DUC matrix into a methacrylate gelatin(GelMA)/Ti3C2Tx MXene(MXene)composite hollow conduit(named DUC–MXene–GelMA conduit).The obtained DUC–MXene–GelMA conduit displays superior mechanical properties,electrical conductivity,and biocompatibility.Particularly,ascribed to the introduction of DUC and MXene,the DUC–MXene–GelMA conduit exhibits satisfactory biological effects in promoting neuron growth and Schwann cell proliferation and migration.Through in vivo experiments using a rat sciatic nerve injury model,the beneficial effects of the DUC–MXene–GelMA conduit on axonal regeneration and motor function recovery are demonstrated.These findings indicate that the DUC–MXene–GelMA conduit may be a promising candidate for peripheral nerve injury repair.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11504049,11474052,11774055)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20150593)National Key Basic Research Program of China(2015CB352002)
文摘Optical trapping techniques hold great interest for their advantages that enable direct handling of nanoparticles. In this work, we study the optical trapping effects of a diffraction-limited focal field possessing an arbitrary photonic spin and propose a convenient method to manipulate the movement behavior of the trapped nanoparticles. In order to achieve controllable spin axis orientation and ellipticity of the tightly focused beam in three dimensions, an efficient method to analytically calculate and experimentally generate complex optical fields at the pupil plane of a high numerical aperture lens is developed. By numerically calculating the optical forces and torques of Rayleigh particles with spherical/ellipsoidal shape, we demonstrate that the interactions between the tunable photonic spin and nanoparticles lead to not only 3D trapping but also precise control of the nanoparticles' movements in terms of stable orientation, rotational orientation, and rotation frequency. This versatile trapping method may open up new avenues for optical trapping and their applications in various scientific fields.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFF0305905-03).
文摘Changes in forest cover can affect not only the total runoff from a watershed,but also the runoff components(e.g.,surface runoff,interflow,groundwater flow).In this study,based on the WetSpa model simulation method and the recursive digital filtering(RDF)method,the Banchengzi watershed in the mountainous region of Beijing,China,was selected to investigate how changes in forest cover type and cover percentage affect total runoff,surface runoff,interflow,and groundwater flow through scenario settings.Our results show that the difference between the WetSpa model and the RDF method for separating runoff components is small,with only 4.7%and 0.4%difference between the calibration and validation periods.Total runoff in different forest types followed the order shrub forest>coniferous forest>mixed forest>broadleaf forest.Regarding runoff components,the proportions of baseflow(sum of interflow and groundwater flow)to total runoff were 61.1%and 60.8%for broadleaf and mixed forests,which was significantly higher than those of 53.0%and 43.1%for coniferous and shrub forests.However,the proportion of shrub forest baseflow was high in wet years,and that of broadleaf forest baseflow was high in normal and dry years.The proportions of interflow and groundwater flow from various forest cover types to total runoff continued to increase with increasing forest cover rate.Our results have important implications for the implementation of afforestation projects and forest conservation programs,contributing to water resource regulation and ecosystem protection in watersheds.
基金supported by the NSFC(21833010,61975207,21921001,21971238,51872297,and 51890864)Youth Innovation Promotion of CAS(202069)+6 种基金the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDBS-LYSLH024)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB20010200 and XDB20000000)Fujian Institute of Innovation(FJCXY18010201)in Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0210400)Key Laboratory of Functional Crystals and Laser Technology,TIPC,CAS(FCLT 202003)Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal&Materials,Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices(20KF-11)Startup Project of Doctor Scientific Research of Jiangxi Normal University(12021319)。
文摘As structural variants of famous hexagonal tungsten bronzes,hexagonal tungsten oxides(HTO)represent an important family with fascinating functional properties,such as piezoelectric,ferroelectric,pyroelectric,and nonlinear optical(NLO)properties.However,none of them are transparent in the deep-UV spectral region,which limits their applications.Herein,we report the first HTO-type monofluorophosphate K_(3)Sc_(3)(PO_(4))(PO_(3)F)_(2)F_(5)(I)with deep-UV transparency.Such a monofluorophosphate is NLO-active with a phase-matchable powder second harmonic generation efficiency of 0.9 times that of KH_(2)PO_(4)at 1,064 nm.Importantly,the UV-Vis reflectance spectrum indicates that it is deep-UV transparent down to 200 nm.This work pushes the transparent window of NLO materials with HTO-type structures down to the deep-UV spectral region for the first time and opens up a new door for HTO materials.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China[U2243202],[42230714,41977149]
文摘Background Accurate estimation of potential evapotranspiration(PET)is the key for studying land-air interaction hydrological processes.Several models are used to estimate the PET based on standardized meteorological data.Although combination-based models have the highest level performance estimation of PET,they require more meteorological data and may therefore be difficult to apply in areas lacking meteorological observation data.Results The results showed significant differences in the spatial trends of PET calculated by different models in China,the Doorenbots–Pruitts model revealed the highest PET(1902.6 mm),and the Kuzmin model revealed the lowest PET(349.6 mm),with the largest difference being 5.5 times.The Romanenko and the Rohwer models were the recommended temperature-based and aerodynamic-based models.On the other hand,the Abtew model was more suitable for arid and semi-arid regions,while the Priestley–Taylor model was more suitable for humid regions.Combination-based models revealed ideal calculation accuracies,among which the Penman–Monteith model was the best option for PET calculation.Conclusions The accuracy range of Romanenko,Rohwer,Abten,Priestley Taylor,and Penman Monteith models improved in MPZ and TCZ is higher than that improved in TMZ and SMZ.This does not mean that the improved models have higher accuracy in MPZ and TCZ than in TMZ and SMZ.On the contrary,the original model performed poorly in MPZ and TCZ,so the improved accuracy was relatively large.The unimproved model was already more suitable in TMZ and SMZ,so the improved accuracy was relatively small.Therefore,regional calibration of the PET models can improve the accuracy and applicability of PET calculation,providing a reference for studying hydrological processes in different climatic zones.
基金supported by grants from National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2020YFA0113600,2021YFA1101300,2021YFA1101800,2020YFA0112503)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82330033,82030029,92149304,82201292)+7 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20232007)Jiangsu Provincial Scientific Research Center of Applied Mathematics(BK20233002)Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(JCYJ20190814093401920,JCYJ20210324125608022)Open Project Fund of Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences(YKY-KF202201)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.Z200019)China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talent(BX20230070)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M740606)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2023ZB597).
文摘Cochlear implantation(CI)offers a dependable treatment for sensorineural hearing loss,with precision electroa-coustic stimulation parameters showing great potential in improving auditory outcomes in CI patients.Here,we report the attachment of MXene into CI systems which effectively mimic the neural electrode interface due to MXene’s excellent electrical conductivity and biocompatibility.Low-frequency short-term biphasic electrical pulses emitted by the MXenes-based CI promoted the outgrowth of spiral ganglion neuron(SGN)neurites and growth cones,substantially boosting the calcium activity in SGNs.This study lays a theoretical foundation for the precision medicine approaches in CI patient care,and informs the selection of materials for cochlear implant electrode materials in the future.
