The carbides and nitrides of transition metals known as“MXenes”refer to a fast-growing family of two-dimensional materials discovered in 2011.Thanks to their unique nanolayer structure,superior electrical,mechanical...The carbides and nitrides of transition metals known as“MXenes”refer to a fast-growing family of two-dimensional materials discovered in 2011.Thanks to their unique nanolayer structure,superior electrical,mechanical,and thermal properties,MXenes have shown great potential in addressing the critical overheating issues that jeopardize the performance,stability,and lifetime of high-energy-density components in modern devices such as microprocessors,integrated circuits,and capacitors,etc.The outstanding intrinsic thermal conductivity of MXenes has been proved by experimental and theoretical research.Numerous MXenes-enabled high thermal conductivity composites incorporated with polymer matrix have also been reported and widely used as thermal management materials.Considering the booming heat dissipation demands,MXenes-enabled thermal management material is an extremely valuable and scalable option for modern electronics industries.However,the fundamental thermal transport mechanisms behind the MXenes family remain unclear.The MXene thermal conductivity disparities between the theoretical prediction and experimental results are still significant.To better understand the thermal conduction in MXenes and provide more insights for engineering high-performance MXene thermal management materials,in this article,we summarize recent progress on thermal conductive MXenes.The essential factors that affect MXenes intrinsic thermal conductivities are tackled,selected MXenes-polymer composites are highlighted,and prospects and challenges are also discussed.展开更多
Mitochondria play a crucial role in regulating cellular energy homeostasis and cell death,making them essential organelles.Maintaining proper cellular functions relies on the removal of damaged mitochondria through a ...Mitochondria play a crucial role in regulating cellular energy homeostasis and cell death,making them essential organelles.Maintaining proper cellular functions relies on the removal of damaged mitochondria through a process called mitophagy.Mitophagy is associated with changes in the pH value and has implications for numerous diseases.To effectively monitor mitophagy,fluorescent probes that exhibit high selectivity and sensitivity based on pH detection have emerged as powerful tools.In this review,we present recent advancements in the monitoring of mitophagy using small-molecule fluorescence pH probes.We focus on various sensing mechanisms employed by these probes,including intramolecular charge transfer(ICT),fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET),through bond energy transfer(TBET),and photoelectron transfer(PET).Additionally,we discuss disease models used for studying mitophagy and summarize the design requirements for small-molecule fluorescent pH probes suitable for monitoring the mitophagy process.Lastly,we highlight the remaining challenges in this field and propose potential directions for the future development of mitophagy probes.展开更多
基金supported by the Office of Naval Research under Award Number N000142312569。
文摘The carbides and nitrides of transition metals known as“MXenes”refer to a fast-growing family of two-dimensional materials discovered in 2011.Thanks to their unique nanolayer structure,superior electrical,mechanical,and thermal properties,MXenes have shown great potential in addressing the critical overheating issues that jeopardize the performance,stability,and lifetime of high-energy-density components in modern devices such as microprocessors,integrated circuits,and capacitors,etc.The outstanding intrinsic thermal conductivity of MXenes has been proved by experimental and theoretical research.Numerous MXenes-enabled high thermal conductivity composites incorporated with polymer matrix have also been reported and widely used as thermal management materials.Considering the booming heat dissipation demands,MXenes-enabled thermal management material is an extremely valuable and scalable option for modern electronics industries.However,the fundamental thermal transport mechanisms behind the MXenes family remain unclear.The MXene thermal conductivity disparities between the theoretical prediction and experimental results are still significant.To better understand the thermal conduction in MXenes and provide more insights for engineering high-performance MXene thermal management materials,in this article,we summarize recent progress on thermal conductive MXenes.The essential factors that affect MXenes intrinsic thermal conductivities are tackled,selected MXenes-polymer composites are highlighted,and prospects and challenges are also discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22077101,L.L.)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(L.L.),President Funding of XMU(20720230047,D.A.X.)Startup Program of XMU(D.A.X.and L.L.).
文摘Mitochondria play a crucial role in regulating cellular energy homeostasis and cell death,making them essential organelles.Maintaining proper cellular functions relies on the removal of damaged mitochondria through a process called mitophagy.Mitophagy is associated with changes in the pH value and has implications for numerous diseases.To effectively monitor mitophagy,fluorescent probes that exhibit high selectivity and sensitivity based on pH detection have emerged as powerful tools.In this review,we present recent advancements in the monitoring of mitophagy using small-molecule fluorescence pH probes.We focus on various sensing mechanisms employed by these probes,including intramolecular charge transfer(ICT),fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET),through bond energy transfer(TBET),and photoelectron transfer(PET).Additionally,we discuss disease models used for studying mitophagy and summarize the design requirements for small-molecule fluorescent pH probes suitable for monitoring the mitophagy process.Lastly,we highlight the remaining challenges in this field and propose potential directions for the future development of mitophagy probes.
