The high energy density of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)has attracted widespread attention,which is expected to improve the endurance mileage of electric vehicles comparable to fossil fuel-powered vehicles.At present,...The high energy density of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)has attracted widespread attention,which is expected to improve the endurance mileage of electric vehicles comparable to fossil fuel-powered vehicles.At present,the main research is focused on developing advanced materials and revealing the indepth electrochemical mechanism of LMBs,while there is a significant lagging behind of attention to the safety evaluation.This review aims to emphasize the fire safety challenges faced by LMBs and summarize advanced strategies for improving intrinsic safety.Firstly,the basic chemical composition and working principle of LMBs were introduced compared with lithium-ion batteries.Moreover,we reviewed the thermal runaway problem of LMBs from the aspects of material activity,interfacial stability triggering conditions,thermal runaway behavior and mechanism,the special thermal runaway characteristics,and new safety challenges of Li-S,Li-O_(2),and the solid-state LMBs were discussed in detail.Based on the analysis of the thermal runaway mechanism,we summarized the advanced strategies,including electrolyte design,interphase film construction,separator,and anode design for improving the intrinsic safety of LMBs.Finally,we proposed the fire safety challenge at the battery level and emphasized the necessity of designing safe materials based on the thermal runaway mechanism.Blocking the thermal coupling reaction and conducting multi-strategy collaborative optimization is the key point to restrain thermal runaway.展开更多
Selenium sulfide(SeS2)cathodes have attracted much concern as an optimized choice comparing to sulfur and selenium for lithium and sodium storage.However,it also suffers from poor cycling stability due to the dissolut...Selenium sulfide(SeS2)cathodes have attracted much concern as an optimized choice comparing to sulfur and selenium for lithium and sodium storage.However,it also suffers from poor cycling stability due to the dissolution of reaction intermediate products.In this study,N-doped Interconnected carbon aerogels was applied as an efficient SeS2 host by infiltrating selenium sulfide into its microporous structure(denoted as SeS2@NCAs),which could effectively accommodate the volume change of SeS2 during cycling and alleviate the dissolution of reaction intermediate products.Therefore,as for Na storage,the SeS2@NCAs cathode delivers a superior long-term cycling performance of 536 mA·h·g^-1 at a current density of 0.5 A·g^-1 after 1,000 cycles with only 0.04%capacity decline per cycle and a high rate performance(524 mA·h·g^-1 at 2 A·g^-1 and 745 mA·h·g^-1 at 0.1 A·g^-1 retained),indicating the remarkable cycling stability of SeS2@NCAs cathodes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52204248)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn202408191)。
文摘The high energy density of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)has attracted widespread attention,which is expected to improve the endurance mileage of electric vehicles comparable to fossil fuel-powered vehicles.At present,the main research is focused on developing advanced materials and revealing the indepth electrochemical mechanism of LMBs,while there is a significant lagging behind of attention to the safety evaluation.This review aims to emphasize the fire safety challenges faced by LMBs and summarize advanced strategies for improving intrinsic safety.Firstly,the basic chemical composition and working principle of LMBs were introduced compared with lithium-ion batteries.Moreover,we reviewed the thermal runaway problem of LMBs from the aspects of material activity,interfacial stability triggering conditions,thermal runaway behavior and mechanism,the special thermal runaway characteristics,and new safety challenges of Li-S,Li-O_(2),and the solid-state LMBs were discussed in detail.Based on the analysis of the thermal runaway mechanism,we summarized the advanced strategies,including electrolyte design,interphase film construction,separator,and anode design for improving the intrinsic safety of LMBs.Finally,we proposed the fire safety challenge at the battery level and emphasized the necessity of designing safe materials based on the thermal runaway mechanism.Blocking the thermal coupling reaction and conducting multi-strategy collaborative optimization is the key point to restrain thermal runaway.
基金The work supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC0807600)Fundam ental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.WK2320000035).
文摘Selenium sulfide(SeS2)cathodes have attracted much concern as an optimized choice comparing to sulfur and selenium for lithium and sodium storage.However,it also suffers from poor cycling stability due to the dissolution of reaction intermediate products.In this study,N-doped Interconnected carbon aerogels was applied as an efficient SeS2 host by infiltrating selenium sulfide into its microporous structure(denoted as SeS2@NCAs),which could effectively accommodate the volume change of SeS2 during cycling and alleviate the dissolution of reaction intermediate products.Therefore,as for Na storage,the SeS2@NCAs cathode delivers a superior long-term cycling performance of 536 mA·h·g^-1 at a current density of 0.5 A·g^-1 after 1,000 cycles with only 0.04%capacity decline per cycle and a high rate performance(524 mA·h·g^-1 at 2 A·g^-1 and 745 mA·h·g^-1 at 0.1 A·g^-1 retained),indicating the remarkable cycling stability of SeS2@NCAs cathodes.
