Wall-associated receptor kinases(WAKs)and WAK-likes(WAKLs)play pivotal roles in regulating plant immunity,through multiple downstream signaling components.However,knowledge of WAKs/WAKLs in wheat immune responses to r...Wall-associated receptor kinases(WAKs)and WAK-likes(WAKLs)play pivotal roles in regulating plant immunity,through multiple downstream signaling components.However,knowledge of WAKs/WAKLs in wheat immune responses to rust diseases remain limited.In this study,we identified and characterized a wheat WAKL,TaWAKL8-2B,which is upregulated during wheat resistance to both Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst)and Puccinia triticina(Ptt),indicating its role in wheat resistance to these two rust fungi.Transgenic wheat plants overexpressing TaWAKL8-2B exhibited enhanced resistance to stripe rust and leaf rust,accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species(ROS)production and up-regulated defense-related gene expression.Whereas,knockout TaWAKL8-2B reduced resistance to Pst and Ptt with less ROS accumulation,highlighting its positive role in wheat resistance.RNA-seq analysis revealed that 33 genes encoding ROS-scavenging enzymes were upregulated in TaWAKL8-2B-KO plants,explaining the reduced ROS.KEGG analysis enriched the monoterpenoid pathway,particularly the linalool biosynthesis pathway,with linalool synthases significantly downregulated in TaWAKL8-2B-KO plants.Correspondingly,linalool synthase content and linalool content decreased in knockout plants.Collectively,our findings uncover a novel mechanism by which TaWAKL8-2B positively modulates wheat rust resistance through modulating linalool biosynthesis and peroxidase activity.These results enhance our understanding of TaWAKL8-2B mediated immune signaling and offer a promising gene for improving wheat broad-spectrum resistance to rust diseases.展开更多
The fabrication of advanced radiation detectors is an important subject due to the wide use of radiation sources in scientific instruments,medical services,security check,non-destructive inspection,and nuclear industr...The fabrication of advanced radiation detectors is an important subject due to the wide use of radiation sources in scientific instruments,medical services,security check,non-destructive inspection,and nuclear industries.However,the manufacture of flexible and stretchable radiation detectors remains a challenge.Here,we report the scalable fabrication of super-elastic scintillating fibers and fabrics for visual radiation detection by thermal drawing and melt-spinning methods using styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene,and scintillating Gd_(2)O_(2)S:Tb(GOS).Microstructure evolution,rheological properties,and radiation-composite interaction are studied to reveal the excellent processability,elasticity,and radiation detection ability of the fabricated fibers.Benefiting from the physical crosslinking structural features of the polymer matrix and the excellent radiation absorption capacities of GOS,the resulting fiber can sustain high strains of 765%with a high content of GOS dopants(2 wt.%)and has excellent X-ray detection performance with the limit down to 53 nGy_(air)s^(-1).Furthermore,stretchable fabrics are constructed,and their applications in various fields,such as radiation warning,and X-ray imaging,are demonstrated.Our work not only provides a new type of super-elastic scintillating fibers and fabrics for smart textiles but also demonstrates their potential applications in the nuclear field.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32225041,32293243,32422073,32202325,32421004)the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-3)+1 种基金Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Shaanxi Province(grant no.2024JC-JCQN-22)Cyrus Tang Foundation and the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(2023LZGC002).
文摘Wall-associated receptor kinases(WAKs)and WAK-likes(WAKLs)play pivotal roles in regulating plant immunity,through multiple downstream signaling components.However,knowledge of WAKs/WAKLs in wheat immune responses to rust diseases remain limited.In this study,we identified and characterized a wheat WAKL,TaWAKL8-2B,which is upregulated during wheat resistance to both Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst)and Puccinia triticina(Ptt),indicating its role in wheat resistance to these two rust fungi.Transgenic wheat plants overexpressing TaWAKL8-2B exhibited enhanced resistance to stripe rust and leaf rust,accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species(ROS)production and up-regulated defense-related gene expression.Whereas,knockout TaWAKL8-2B reduced resistance to Pst and Ptt with less ROS accumulation,highlighting its positive role in wheat resistance.RNA-seq analysis revealed that 33 genes encoding ROS-scavenging enzymes were upregulated in TaWAKL8-2B-KO plants,explaining the reduced ROS.KEGG analysis enriched the monoterpenoid pathway,particularly the linalool biosynthesis pathway,with linalool synthases significantly downregulated in TaWAKL8-2B-KO plants.Correspondingly,linalool synthase content and linalool content decreased in knockout plants.Collectively,our findings uncover a novel mechanism by which TaWAKL8-2B positively modulates wheat rust resistance through modulating linalool biosynthesis and peroxidase activity.These results enhance our understanding of TaWAKL8-2B mediated immune signaling and offer a promising gene for improving wheat broad-spectrum resistance to rust diseases.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFB1805901)Key R&D Program of Guangzhou(202007020003)+6 种基金National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(62125502)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51972113,51873074,and 52105335)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M691052 and 2021M691060)Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices(2023-skllmd-20)Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(2017BT01X137)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Reactor System Design TechnologyFundamental Research Funds for the Central University.
文摘The fabrication of advanced radiation detectors is an important subject due to the wide use of radiation sources in scientific instruments,medical services,security check,non-destructive inspection,and nuclear industries.However,the manufacture of flexible and stretchable radiation detectors remains a challenge.Here,we report the scalable fabrication of super-elastic scintillating fibers and fabrics for visual radiation detection by thermal drawing and melt-spinning methods using styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene,and scintillating Gd_(2)O_(2)S:Tb(GOS).Microstructure evolution,rheological properties,and radiation-composite interaction are studied to reveal the excellent processability,elasticity,and radiation detection ability of the fabricated fibers.Benefiting from the physical crosslinking structural features of the polymer matrix and the excellent radiation absorption capacities of GOS,the resulting fiber can sustain high strains of 765%with a high content of GOS dopants(2 wt.%)and has excellent X-ray detection performance with the limit down to 53 nGy_(air)s^(-1).Furthermore,stretchable fabrics are constructed,and their applications in various fields,such as radiation warning,and X-ray imaging,are demonstrated.Our work not only provides a new type of super-elastic scintillating fibers and fabrics for smart textiles but also demonstrates their potential applications in the nuclear field.
