阐明谷子(Setaria italica var.germanica)杂种优势的生理机制是提高谷子杂交种产量的重要基础。2023-2024年,以3个高产谷子杂交种长杂谷466、长杂谷2922和长杂谷333及其亲本为供试材料,测定杂交种及其亲本的产量性状及生理指标,对杂交...阐明谷子(Setaria italica var.germanica)杂种优势的生理机制是提高谷子杂交种产量的重要基础。2023-2024年,以3个高产谷子杂交种长杂谷466、长杂谷2922和长杂谷333及其亲本为供试材料,测定杂交种及其亲本的产量性状及生理指标,对杂交种的产量优势及其影响因子进行系统分析,初步解析了杂种优势的生理机制。结果表明,在整个生育期内,3个杂交种的叶绿素含量均高于双亲,其中长杂谷466在拔节期的叶绿素含量最高,达13.86 mg·g^(-1) FW。在苗期和拔节期,3个杂交种的根系活力均显著高于双亲,其中长杂谷466在苗期的根系活力最高,为1.76 mg·g^(-1)·h^(-1),分别为其父母本的7.8倍和5.5倍;长杂谷2922在苗期的根系活力较父母本分别高0.38和0.66 mg·g^(-1)·h^(-1);而长杂谷333在拔节期优势更为显著,较父母本分别高0.31和0.62 mg·g^(-1)·h^(-1)。在产量形成性状方面,与双亲相比,杂交种的灌浆速率和颖花数均显著提高,长杂谷466在花后19天灌浆速率达最大值,为1.58 g·d^(-1) per panicle;长杂谷466和长杂谷333颖花数极显著高于其亲本,长杂谷2922颖花数显著增加。此外,杂交种根系的氮素积累量和氮素转运效率也表现出一定的优势,其中长杂谷2922根系氮素积累优势最大且氮素转运效率(近56%)最高,显著高于其父本M22。综上表明,长杂谷系列杂交种通过提高光合能力、养分吸收利用效率、籽粒灌浆速率和颖花数实现产量增加。展开更多
[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid （ALA） on the content of total flavonoids and relative expression levels of chalcoue sythase （CHS） and chalcone isomerase （CHI） ge...[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid （ALA） on the content of total flavonoids and relative expression levels of chalcoue sythase （CHS） and chalcone isomerase （CHI） genes in young apples to determine the appropriate ALA concentration and processing time. [Method] Before thinning, young apples were treated with 0 （ CK）, 100,200,300 and 400 mg/L ALA. At 12 d after ALA treatment, the content of total flavonoids in young apples was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The relative expression levels of CHS and CHI genes in young apples were determined by qPCR. [ Result ] When ALA concentration was 0 - 300 mg/L, the content of total flavonoids and relative expression levels of CHS and CHI genes in young apples were improved with the increase of ALA concentration. As ALA concentration rose to 400 rag/L, various indicators showed a downward trend. Moreover, the content of total flavouoids and relative expression levels of CHS and CHI genes in young apples treated with different concentrations of ALA were improved significantly, which reached the maximum at 9 d and declined since 12 d. [ Conclusion] Compared with CK, spraying young apples with 300 mg/L ALA at 6 -9 d before thinning was conducive to improving the content of flavanoids in thinned young apples.展开更多
Ultra-long room temperature phosphorescence(URTP) has been increasingly recognized in pure organic luminophor in recent years. Through a simpler molecular design and charge separation-recombination pathway, organic lu...Ultra-long room temperature phosphorescence(URTP) has been increasingly recognized in pure organic luminophor in recent years. Through a simpler molecular design and charge separation-recombination pathway, organic luminophor can achieve even better URTP properties. In this work, we achieved URTP in a system of host-vip doped benzophenone derivatives whose phosphorescence is visible to the naked eye. The differences in the wavelength lifetimes of luminescent emission correspond to different photophysical mechanisms. Through a combination of theoretical calculations and experiments, the host acts as a powerful substrate that restricts the motion of the vip and inhibits the non-radiative transitions of the vip, accompanied by a charge transfer separation-recombination process between the host and the vip, resulting in an URTP phenomenon. Transient absorption results demonstrate the existence of a charge-separated state. The design strategy via charge separation is generic and easy to implement,providing a direction for the future design of doped URTP.展开更多
The development of innovative products such as ice cider is an important means of adding value to the industry.This research aimed to examine the aroma profiles of late and ice-harvested Changfu No.2(CF2)apples,along ...The development of innovative products such as ice cider is an important means of adding value to the industry.This research aimed to examine the aroma profiles of late and ice-harvested Changfu No.2(CF2)apples,along with their essential phytochemicals.Samples were collected at 15-day intervals,starting from the commercial harvest and continuing through to the ice harvest.Through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry/detection frequency analysis,21 aroma components were identified as the key odorants of CF2.the ice-harvested apples were used to make ice cider,and then it was compared with the apple juice produced during the same period.Quantitative analysis using headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and subsequent odor activity value analysis revealed increasing trends in most aroma compounds leading up to the ice harvest.Moreover,there are more aroma compounds in ice cider than in apple juice,suggesting that late and ice harvests are beneficial for enhancing the aggregation of apple aroma.These findings establish a scientific foundation for assessing the potential for producing ice cider from late and ice-harvested apples from the Loess Plateau area of China.展开更多
Covalent organic frameworks(COFs),as an emerging class of crystalline porous polymeric material,process large surface area,ordered pore structure,good biocompatibility,excellent chemical stability,and low toxicity,mak...Covalent organic frameworks(COFs),as an emerging class of crystalline porous polymeric material,process large surface area,ordered pore structure,good biocompatibility,excellent chemical stability,and low toxicity,making it an excellent candidate for nanotherapeutics.In this article,the recent research progress of COFs was reviewed in the antibacterial field.We introduced the antibacterial potential of COF materials themselves,covering framework structures and pore chemistry.Moreover,the synergistic antibacterial effects of COF composites were discussed,which were formed by the combination of COF with other nanomaterials.In addition,the excellent performances of COFs as nanozymes were investigated in antibacterial applications.Currently,COF-based high-efficiency antibacterial agents face great challenges and prospects in practical applications.The review will provide new COF-based methods for resolving drug-resistant bacterial issues.展开更多
A healthy population of captive Amur tigers might assist recovery of the wild population in Northeast China if individuals were properly prepared and considered suitable for release in the wild.We analyzed the breedin...A healthy population of captive Amur tigers might assist recovery of the wild population in Northeast China if individuals were properly prepared and considered suitable for release in the wild.We analyzed the breeding records of 68 female Amur tigers from 1995 to 2010 in the Hengdaohezi Felid Breeding Center of China and compared the reproductive parameters of this population to wild female Amur tigers.We found that the reproductive parameters of the captive population(the age of first parturition,length of gestation and litter survival rate)were not significantly different from those of wild Amur tigers.Differences in birth date and litter size between wild and captive populations may be caused by management protocols for the captive population or insufficient field data from the wild population.Reproductive parameters of females giving birth after losing a litter were similar to parameters of females that did not lose a litter,except for birth date.These results provide no indication of major problems in using captive females for a breeding program for release of cubs into the wild,but additional information is still needed to assess their suitability.展开更多
This article aims to explain the inhibitory mechanism of thinned-young apple polyphenols(YAP)toward Fusobacterium nucleatum(F.nucleatum),Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.gingivalis)and Prevotella intermedia(P.intermedia).YA...This article aims to explain the inhibitory mechanism of thinned-young apple polyphenols(YAP)toward Fusobacterium nucleatum(F.nucleatum),Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.gingivalis)and Prevotella intermedia(P.intermedia).YAP has optimal antibacterial concentration against F.nucleatum(10.00 mg/mL),P.gingivalis(8.00 mg/mL)and P.intermedia(8.00 mg/mL),with viability of 47.97%,38.01%and 36.94%,respectively.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM)observation revealed that YAP could cause the morphological changes of the halitosis-related bacterial cells and induce cell apoptosis.With the increase of YAP treatment concentrations,the permeability of the outer membranes(OM)and inner membranes(IM)of halitosis-related bacteria dramatically increased,resulting in the release of proteins and nucleic acids.In addition,bacterial cell membrane potential(MP)decreased after exposure to YAP.The results of this study provide new antibacterial agents for halitosis-related bacteria and find a new way for the development of thinned-young apples.展开更多
基金Supported by Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of China(GK661001)
文摘[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid （ALA） on the content of total flavonoids and relative expression levels of chalcoue sythase （CHS） and chalcone isomerase （CHI） genes in young apples to determine the appropriate ALA concentration and processing time. [Method] Before thinning, young apples were treated with 0 （ CK）, 100,200,300 and 400 mg/L ALA. At 12 d after ALA treatment, the content of total flavonoids in young apples was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The relative expression levels of CHS and CHI genes in young apples were determined by qPCR. [ Result ] When ALA concentration was 0 - 300 mg/L, the content of total flavonoids and relative expression levels of CHS and CHI genes in young apples were improved with the increase of ALA concentration. As ALA concentration rose to 400 rag/L, various indicators showed a downward trend. Moreover, the content of total flavouoids and relative expression levels of CHS and CHI genes in young apples treated with different concentrations of ALA were improved significantly, which reached the maximum at 9 d and declined since 12 d. [ Conclusion] Compared with CK, spraying young apples with 300 mg/L ALA at 6 -9 d before thinning was conducive to improving the content of flavanoids in thinned young apples.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21873068, 21573229 and 21422309)the financial support from Double FirstRate and Peiyang Scholar Projects (Tianjin University)+1 种基金the Open Research Funds of State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Southeast University)the Frontier Science Project of the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)。
文摘Ultra-long room temperature phosphorescence(URTP) has been increasingly recognized in pure organic luminophor in recent years. Through a simpler molecular design and charge separation-recombination pathway, organic luminophor can achieve even better URTP properties. In this work, we achieved URTP in a system of host-vip doped benzophenone derivatives whose phosphorescence is visible to the naked eye. The differences in the wavelength lifetimes of luminescent emission correspond to different photophysical mechanisms. Through a combination of theoretical calculations and experiments, the host acts as a powerful substrate that restricts the motion of the vip and inhibits the non-radiative transitions of the vip, accompanied by a charge transfer separation-recombination process between the host and the vip, resulting in an URTP phenomenon. Transient absorption results demonstrate the existence of a charge-separated state. The design strategy via charge separation is generic and easy to implement,providing a direction for the future design of doped URTP.
基金supported by the National Natural science Foundation of China(32202075)shaanxi Key research and Development Project(2023-ZDLNY-43,2024NC-YBXM-143)+1 种基金National apple Modern industry technology system Project(CARS-27)the National Key research and Development Project(2023YFD2301004).
文摘The development of innovative products such as ice cider is an important means of adding value to the industry.This research aimed to examine the aroma profiles of late and ice-harvested Changfu No.2(CF2)apples,along with their essential phytochemicals.Samples were collected at 15-day intervals,starting from the commercial harvest and continuing through to the ice harvest.Through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry/detection frequency analysis,21 aroma components were identified as the key odorants of CF2.the ice-harvested apples were used to make ice cider,and then it was compared with the apple juice produced during the same period.Quantitative analysis using headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and subsequent odor activity value analysis revealed increasing trends in most aroma compounds leading up to the ice harvest.Moreover,there are more aroma compounds in ice cider than in apple juice,suggesting that late and ice harvests are beneficial for enhancing the aggregation of apple aroma.These findings establish a scientific foundation for assessing the potential for producing ice cider from late and ice-harvested apples from the Loess Plateau area of China.
基金We are grateful for financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32101112 and 82302258)the Major Basic Research Projects of Shandong Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2022QB106).
文摘Covalent organic frameworks(COFs),as an emerging class of crystalline porous polymeric material,process large surface area,ordered pore structure,good biocompatibility,excellent chemical stability,and low toxicity,making it an excellent candidate for nanotherapeutics.In this article,the recent research progress of COFs was reviewed in the antibacterial field.We introduced the antibacterial potential of COF materials themselves,covering framework structures and pore chemistry.Moreover,the synergistic antibacterial effects of COF composites were discussed,which were formed by the combination of COF with other nanomaterials.In addition,the excellent performances of COFs as nanozymes were investigated in antibacterial applications.Currently,COF-based high-efficiency antibacterial agents face great challenges and prospects in practical applications.The review will provide new COF-based methods for resolving drug-resistant bacterial issues.
基金We are grateful for support provided through the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(2572014EA06 and 2572014AA14),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC31272336,31572285)and the"Study on Resource Survey Technology for Tiger and Amur Leopard Population"and"Standard of Tiger and Amur Leopard Population and Habitat Survey and Data Summarization"(State Forestry Administration).
文摘A healthy population of captive Amur tigers might assist recovery of the wild population in Northeast China if individuals were properly prepared and considered suitable for release in the wild.We analyzed the breeding records of 68 female Amur tigers from 1995 to 2010 in the Hengdaohezi Felid Breeding Center of China and compared the reproductive parameters of this population to wild female Amur tigers.We found that the reproductive parameters of the captive population(the age of first parturition,length of gestation and litter survival rate)were not significantly different from those of wild Amur tigers.Differences in birth date and litter size between wild and captive populations may be caused by management protocols for the captive population or insufficient field data from the wild population.Reproductive parameters of females giving birth after losing a litter were similar to parameters of females that did not lose a litter,except for birth date.These results provide no indication of major problems in using captive females for a breeding program for release of cubs into the wild,but additional information is still needed to assess their suitability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31701563)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2019NY-124)+1 种基金Ministry of Education(XGZX 2021G08)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities at Shaanxi Normal University(1301031057).
文摘This article aims to explain the inhibitory mechanism of thinned-young apple polyphenols(YAP)toward Fusobacterium nucleatum(F.nucleatum),Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.gingivalis)and Prevotella intermedia(P.intermedia).YAP has optimal antibacterial concentration against F.nucleatum(10.00 mg/mL),P.gingivalis(8.00 mg/mL)and P.intermedia(8.00 mg/mL),with viability of 47.97%,38.01%and 36.94%,respectively.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM)observation revealed that YAP could cause the morphological changes of the halitosis-related bacterial cells and induce cell apoptosis.With the increase of YAP treatment concentrations,the permeability of the outer membranes(OM)and inner membranes(IM)of halitosis-related bacteria dramatically increased,resulting in the release of proteins and nucleic acids.In addition,bacterial cell membrane potential(MP)decreased after exposure to YAP.The results of this study provide new antibacterial agents for halitosis-related bacteria and find a new way for the development of thinned-young apples.
