The article raises the question of how diffusion pairs A/B,A/C,and B/C form in three-component alloys ABC.This issue solves experimentally using the TEM(transmission electron microscopy)method and Ni65Mo20Cr15 alloy.T...The article raises the question of how diffusion pairs A/B,A/C,and B/C form in three-component alloys ABC.This issue solves experimentally using the TEM(transmission electron microscopy)method and Ni65Mo20Cr15 alloy.The quenching of this alloy from a liquid showed that such pairs form in the liquid state of the alloy,and as the quenching temperature decreases,particles of the new phases form inside them.We concluded that not a disordered solid solution after high-temperature quenching“from a region of disordered solid solution at the phase diagrams”is the starting point for the formation of a low-temperature microstructure,but a liquid state,into which the alloy passes during its melting.The author hopes the results got will lead to a reorientation of our ideas about alloys and will change a lot both in the theory of alloys and in the technology of their manufacture.展开更多
The paper discusses the researches that formed the basis of the study of the transition of “ordering-phase separation” and the reasons for such transition occurrence. Experimental results have presented what diffusi...The paper discusses the researches that formed the basis of the study of the transition of “ordering-phase separation” and the reasons for such transition occurrence. Experimental results have presented what diffusion pairs are and how they occur in binary and multicomponent alloys. The paper illustrates that the chemical bonds between atoms are realized on the principle of pair interaction in both solid and liquid states of the alloy. The process of separating a multi-component ABC alloy into diffusion pairs A/B, A/C, and B/C occurs in a liquid solution, where the diffusion mobility of atoms is very high, and the resistance of the environment is relatively low. The driving force of such a process is the chemical attraction between like and unlike atoms, that is, the tendency to phase separation and the tendency to ordering. Quenching the liquid alloy into the water fixes a microstructure consisting of microscopic areas corresponding in composition to one or another diffusion pairs. The paper shows what exactly should be done so that such a branch of science as Materials Science could get rid of the empirical approach when creating new alloys.展开更多
The article presents our generalization of electron microscopy results that got for binary and some ternary alloys based on Ni. These results are considered as the basis for the conclusion that chemical bond...The article presents our generalization of electron microscopy results that got for binary and some ternary alloys based on Ni. These results are considered as the basis for the conclusion that chemical bonds between atoms are realized in binary alloys according to the principle of pair-wise chemical interaction. In ternary alloys, such a process begins with the separation of the liquid alloy into diffusion micro-pairs, inside which particles of a new phase are subsequently formed. The latter circumstance allows us to consider the liquid state of the alloy as the initial stage of the formation of a new phase. That formation of diffusion micro-pairs (and particles of a new phase inside them) occurs because of the presence of alloys, along with a metallic bond, of the ionic and covalent components of a strong chemical bond, which exist at all temperatures of the condensed state. The article shows what exactly needs to be done so that such a branch of science as the science of alloys can get rid of the empirical approach when creating new alloys.展开更多
The article presents a generalization of our electron microscopic results got on some binary and ternary alloys based on Ni,Fe or Co.They are considered as the basis for the conclusion that chemical bonds between atom...The article presents a generalization of our electron microscopic results got on some binary and ternary alloys based on Ni,Fe or Co.They are considered as the basis for the conclusion that chemical bonds between atoms are realized in alloys according to the principle of pair interaction.This process begins with the separation of the alloy into diffusion micro-pairs already in the liquid state,which makes it possible to consider the liquid state of the alloy as the initial stage of the new phase formation.With a subsequent decrease in temperature,particles of a new phase form inside a diffusion micro-pair.The formation of diffusion micro-pairs and phases within them occurs due to the existence in alloys,along with a metallic bond,of ionic and covalent components of a strong chemical bond at all temperatures of the condensed state.The article shows what exactly needs to be done so that such a branch of science as materials science could get rid of the empirical approach when creating new alloys.展开更多
The article raises the question of what to do with one of the main achievements of metal science in recent years—binary phase diagrams. These diagrams play a key role in the science of alloys and therefore their reli...The article raises the question of what to do with one of the main achievements of metal science in recent years—binary phase diagrams. These diagrams play a key role in the science of alloys and therefore their reliability must be complete. However, the discovery of the “ordering-separation” phase transition, which showed that in binary alloys at certain temperatures the sign of the chemical interatomic interaction changes (and, consequently, the microstructure changes), forces us to reconsider our ideas about those areas. Currently, these areas are designated on diagrams as areas of a “disordered solid solution.” This article proposes, using transmission electron microscopy, to study all the so-called solid solution regions, and apply the results obtained to the studied regions of the phase diagram.展开更多
文摘The article raises the question of how diffusion pairs A/B,A/C,and B/C form in three-component alloys ABC.This issue solves experimentally using the TEM(transmission electron microscopy)method and Ni65Mo20Cr15 alloy.The quenching of this alloy from a liquid showed that such pairs form in the liquid state of the alloy,and as the quenching temperature decreases,particles of the new phases form inside them.We concluded that not a disordered solid solution after high-temperature quenching“from a region of disordered solid solution at the phase diagrams”is the starting point for the formation of a low-temperature microstructure,but a liquid state,into which the alloy passes during its melting.The author hopes the results got will lead to a reorientation of our ideas about alloys and will change a lot both in the theory of alloys and in the technology of their manufacture.
文摘The paper discusses the researches that formed the basis of the study of the transition of “ordering-phase separation” and the reasons for such transition occurrence. Experimental results have presented what diffusion pairs are and how they occur in binary and multicomponent alloys. The paper illustrates that the chemical bonds between atoms are realized on the principle of pair interaction in both solid and liquid states of the alloy. The process of separating a multi-component ABC alloy into diffusion pairs A/B, A/C, and B/C occurs in a liquid solution, where the diffusion mobility of atoms is very high, and the resistance of the environment is relatively low. The driving force of such a process is the chemical attraction between like and unlike atoms, that is, the tendency to phase separation and the tendency to ordering. Quenching the liquid alloy into the water fixes a microstructure consisting of microscopic areas corresponding in composition to one or another diffusion pairs. The paper shows what exactly should be done so that such a branch of science as Materials Science could get rid of the empirical approach when creating new alloys.
文摘The article presents our generalization of electron microscopy results that got for binary and some ternary alloys based on Ni. These results are considered as the basis for the conclusion that chemical bonds between atoms are realized in binary alloys according to the principle of pair-wise chemical interaction. In ternary alloys, such a process begins with the separation of the liquid alloy into diffusion micro-pairs, inside which particles of a new phase are subsequently formed. The latter circumstance allows us to consider the liquid state of the alloy as the initial stage of the formation of a new phase. That formation of diffusion micro-pairs (and particles of a new phase inside them) occurs because of the presence of alloys, along with a metallic bond, of the ionic and covalent components of a strong chemical bond, which exist at all temperatures of the condensed state. The article shows what exactly needs to be done so that such a branch of science as the science of alloys can get rid of the empirical approach when creating new alloys.
文摘The article presents a generalization of our electron microscopic results got on some binary and ternary alloys based on Ni,Fe or Co.They are considered as the basis for the conclusion that chemical bonds between atoms are realized in alloys according to the principle of pair interaction.This process begins with the separation of the alloy into diffusion micro-pairs already in the liquid state,which makes it possible to consider the liquid state of the alloy as the initial stage of the new phase formation.With a subsequent decrease in temperature,particles of a new phase form inside a diffusion micro-pair.The formation of diffusion micro-pairs and phases within them occurs due to the existence in alloys,along with a metallic bond,of ionic and covalent components of a strong chemical bond at all temperatures of the condensed state.The article shows what exactly needs to be done so that such a branch of science as materials science could get rid of the empirical approach when creating new alloys.
文摘The article raises the question of what to do with one of the main achievements of metal science in recent years—binary phase diagrams. These diagrams play a key role in the science of alloys and therefore their reliability must be complete. However, the discovery of the “ordering-separation” phase transition, which showed that in binary alloys at certain temperatures the sign of the chemical interatomic interaction changes (and, consequently, the microstructure changes), forces us to reconsider our ideas about those areas. Currently, these areas are designated on diagrams as areas of a “disordered solid solution.” This article proposes, using transmission electron microscopy, to study all the so-called solid solution regions, and apply the results obtained to the studied regions of the phase diagram.
