Plant height and heading date are important agronomic traits in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)that affect final grain yield.In wheat,knowledge of pseudo-response regulator(PRR)genes on agronomic traits is limited.Here,we...Plant height and heading date are important agronomic traits in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)that affect final grain yield.In wheat,knowledge of pseudo-response regulator(PRR)genes on agronomic traits is limited.Here,we identify a wheat TaPRR95 gene by genome-wide association studies to be associated with plant height.Triple allele mutant plants produced by CRISPR/Cas9 show increased plant height,particularly the peduncle,with an earlier heading date.The longer peduncle is mainly caused by the increased cell elon-gation at its upper section,whilst the early heading date is accompanied by elevated expression of flow-ering genes,such as TaFT and TacO1.A peduncle-specific transcriptome analysis reveals up-regulated photosynthesis genes and down-regulated IAAVAux genes for auxin signaling inpr95abad plants that may act as a regulatory mechanism to promote robust plant growth.A haplotype analysis identifies a TaPRR95-B haplotype(Hap2)to be closely associated with reduced plant height and increased thousand-grain weight.Moreover,the Hap2 frequency is higher in cultivars than that in landraces,suggesting the artifi-cial selection on the allele during wheat breeding.These findings suggest that TaPRR95 is a regulator for plant height and heading date,thereby providing an important target for wheat yield improvement.展开更多
Terrestrialization is an important evolutionary process that plants experienced.However,little is known about how land plants acquired aquatic growth behaviors.Here,we integrate multiproxy evidence to elucidate the ev...Terrestrialization is an important evolutionary process that plants experienced.However,little is known about how land plants acquired aquatic growth behaviors.Here,we integrate multiproxy evidence to elucidate the evolution of the aquatic plant duckweed.Three genera of duckweeds show chronologically gradual degeneration in root structure and stomatal function and a decrease in lignocellulose content,accompanied by the contraction of relevant gene families and/or a decline in their transcription levels.The number of genes in main phytohormone pathways is also gradually decreased.The coordinated action of genes involved in auxin signaling and rhizoid development causes a gradual decrease in adventitious roots.Additionally,the significant expansion of the flavonoid pathway is related to the adaptation of duckweeds to floating growth.This study reconstructs the evolutionary history of duckweeds,tracing its journey from land back to water-a reverse trajectory of early land plants.展开更多
基金We are grateful for the funding from STI 2030-Major Projects(2023ZD0406802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072066,32172050,3220151460)+2 种基金Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab(B21HJ0215)CAAS Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ZDRW202002,CAAS-ZDRW202201)Hebei Natural Science Foundation(C2021205013).
文摘Plant height and heading date are important agronomic traits in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)that affect final grain yield.In wheat,knowledge of pseudo-response regulator(PRR)genes on agronomic traits is limited.Here,we identify a wheat TaPRR95 gene by genome-wide association studies to be associated with plant height.Triple allele mutant plants produced by CRISPR/Cas9 show increased plant height,particularly the peduncle,with an earlier heading date.The longer peduncle is mainly caused by the increased cell elon-gation at its upper section,whilst the early heading date is accompanied by elevated expression of flow-ering genes,such as TaFT and TacO1.A peduncle-specific transcriptome analysis reveals up-regulated photosynthesis genes and down-regulated IAAVAux genes for auxin signaling inpr95abad plants that may act as a regulatory mechanism to promote robust plant growth.A haplotype analysis identifies a TaPRR95-B haplotype(Hap2)to be closely associated with reduced plant height and increased thousand-grain weight.Moreover,the Hap2 frequency is higher in cultivars than that in landraces,suggesting the artifi-cial selection on the allele during wheat breeding.These findings suggest that TaPRR95 is a regulator for plant height and heading date,thereby providing an important target for wheat yield improvement.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDB1290000 and XDB1290103)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2024ZDZX0052)+2 种基金the National Aquatic Biological Resource Center(NABRC),Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31770395)the Biological Resources Program,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KFJ-BRP-008).
文摘Terrestrialization is an important evolutionary process that plants experienced.However,little is known about how land plants acquired aquatic growth behaviors.Here,we integrate multiproxy evidence to elucidate the evolution of the aquatic plant duckweed.Three genera of duckweeds show chronologically gradual degeneration in root structure and stomatal function and a decrease in lignocellulose content,accompanied by the contraction of relevant gene families and/or a decline in their transcription levels.The number of genes in main phytohormone pathways is also gradually decreased.The coordinated action of genes involved in auxin signaling and rhizoid development causes a gradual decrease in adventitious roots.Additionally,the significant expansion of the flavonoid pathway is related to the adaptation of duckweeds to floating growth.This study reconstructs the evolutionary history of duckweeds,tracing its journey from land back to water-a reverse trajectory of early land plants.
