Streptococcus thermophilus is one of the most prevalent species in stool samples of westernized populations due to continuous exposure to fermented dairy products.However,few studies have explored the effect on host p...Streptococcus thermophilus is one of the most prevalent species in stool samples of westernized populations due to continuous exposure to fermented dairy products.However,few studies have explored the effect on host physiology by multiple S.thermophilus strains and considered the inter-strain differences in regulating host.In the present study,we investigated how four S.thermophilus strains influenced the gut microbiota,mucin changes,and host metabolism after 28 days of intervention in conventional mice.The results indicated that the consumption of S.thermophilus affected the host with strain specificity.Among four S.thermophilus strains,DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61,especially DQHXNQ38M61,had more effect on host physiology by modulating gut microbiota and host metabolism than LMD9 and 4M6.Ingestion of strains DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61 resulted in more remarkable changes in amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism than that of strains LMD9 and 4M6,which may be related to the elevation of intestinal Bifidobacterium by DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61.The enriched Coriobacteriaceae UCG-002,Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group,and Lactobacillus only in the DQHXNQ38M61 group,had a close relationship with the prominent effect of DQHXNQ38M61 on regulating amino acid and lipid metabolism.In addition,DQHXNQ38M61 had a strong influence on degrading colonic mucin fucose by decreasedα-fucosidase activity in feces,and improving mucin sulfation by upregulated Gal3ST2 expression.Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the four S.thermophilus strains belonged to different branches in the phylogenetic tree,and DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61 had more genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism,amino acid metabolism,membrane transport,and signal transduction,which may confer the capacity of nutrient utilization and gastrointestinal adaptation of the strains and be associated with their strong regulation in host.Our study provides valuable information for understanding the regulation of host metabolism after consuming different S.thermophilus strains and could facilitate potential personalized applications of S.thermophilus based on strain varieties.展开更多
Parvalbumin interneurons belong to the major types of GABAergic interneurons.Although the distribution and pathological alterations of parvalbumin interneuron somata have been widely studied,the distribution and vulne...Parvalbumin interneurons belong to the major types of GABAergic interneurons.Although the distribution and pathological alterations of parvalbumin interneuron somata have been widely studied,the distribution and vulnerability of the neurites and fibers extending from parvalbumin interneurons have not been detailly interrogated.Through the Cre recombinase-reporter system,we visualized parvalbumin-positive fibers and thoroughly investigated their spatial distribution in the mouse brain.We found that parvalbumin fibers are widely distributed in the brain with specific morphological characteristics in different regions,among which the cortex and thalamus exhibited the most intense parvalbumin signals.In regions such as the striatum and optic tract,even long-range thick parvalbumin projections were detected.Furthermore,in mouse models of temporal lobe epilepsy and Parkinson’s disease,parvalbumin fibers suffered both massive and subtle morphological alterations.Our study provides an overview of parvalbumin fibers in the brain and emphasizes the potential pathological implications of parvalbumin fiber alterations.展开更多
Streptococcus thermophilus is generally considered to be sensitive to bile salt stimulation,and its bile salt tolerance is strain specific.In this study,the viable bacteria count,sugar utilization capacity,β-galactos...Streptococcus thermophilus is generally considered to be sensitive to bile salt stimulation,and its bile salt tolerance is strain specific.In this study,the viable bacteria count,sugar utilization capacity,β-galactosidase activity,and extracellular polysaccharide synthesis capacity of 5 strains of Streptococcus thermophilus in bile salt with or without(w/o)lactose were measured to explore the protective ability of lactose to the strains.The changes in gene expression in stress and carbohydrate metabolism-related pathways were recorded.The results indicated that the protective effect of lactose on the bile salt stress response of Streptococcus thermophilus is strain dependent.Theβ-galactosidase activity of the strains was correlated with the yield of exopolysaccharides(EPS)significantly,and the strain with a high survival rate(4M6)showed higher lactose utilization,β-galactosidase activity and more EPS production in general.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871829,31820103010,and 32021005)the Collaborative Innovation Centre of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province(Jiangsu,China).
文摘Streptococcus thermophilus is one of the most prevalent species in stool samples of westernized populations due to continuous exposure to fermented dairy products.However,few studies have explored the effect on host physiology by multiple S.thermophilus strains and considered the inter-strain differences in regulating host.In the present study,we investigated how four S.thermophilus strains influenced the gut microbiota,mucin changes,and host metabolism after 28 days of intervention in conventional mice.The results indicated that the consumption of S.thermophilus affected the host with strain specificity.Among four S.thermophilus strains,DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61,especially DQHXNQ38M61,had more effect on host physiology by modulating gut microbiota and host metabolism than LMD9 and 4M6.Ingestion of strains DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61 resulted in more remarkable changes in amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism than that of strains LMD9 and 4M6,which may be related to the elevation of intestinal Bifidobacterium by DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61.The enriched Coriobacteriaceae UCG-002,Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group,and Lactobacillus only in the DQHXNQ38M61 group,had a close relationship with the prominent effect of DQHXNQ38M61 on regulating amino acid and lipid metabolism.In addition,DQHXNQ38M61 had a strong influence on degrading colonic mucin fucose by decreasedα-fucosidase activity in feces,and improving mucin sulfation by upregulated Gal3ST2 expression.Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the four S.thermophilus strains belonged to different branches in the phylogenetic tree,and DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61 had more genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism,amino acid metabolism,membrane transport,and signal transduction,which may confer the capacity of nutrient utilization and gastrointestinal adaptation of the strains and be associated with their strong regulation in host.Our study provides valuable information for understanding the regulation of host metabolism after consuming different S.thermophilus strains and could facilitate potential personalized applications of S.thermophilus based on strain varieties.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2021ZD0201005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071529 and 81974204)the Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Province(2021SF-238).
文摘Parvalbumin interneurons belong to the major types of GABAergic interneurons.Although the distribution and pathological alterations of parvalbumin interneuron somata have been widely studied,the distribution and vulnerability of the neurites and fibers extending from parvalbumin interneurons have not been detailly interrogated.Through the Cre recombinase-reporter system,we visualized parvalbumin-positive fibers and thoroughly investigated their spatial distribution in the mouse brain.We found that parvalbumin fibers are widely distributed in the brain with specific morphological characteristics in different regions,among which the cortex and thalamus exhibited the most intense parvalbumin signals.In regions such as the striatum and optic tract,even long-range thick parvalbumin projections were detected.Furthermore,in mouse models of temporal lobe epilepsy and Parkinson’s disease,parvalbumin fibers suffered both massive and subtle morphological alterations.Our study provides an overview of parvalbumin fibers in the brain and emphasizes the potential pathological implications of parvalbumin fiber alterations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31871829,31820103010,and 32021005)the Collaborative Innovation Centre of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province(Jiangsu,China).
文摘Streptococcus thermophilus is generally considered to be sensitive to bile salt stimulation,and its bile salt tolerance is strain specific.In this study,the viable bacteria count,sugar utilization capacity,β-galactosidase activity,and extracellular polysaccharide synthesis capacity of 5 strains of Streptococcus thermophilus in bile salt with or without(w/o)lactose were measured to explore the protective ability of lactose to the strains.The changes in gene expression in stress and carbohydrate metabolism-related pathways were recorded.The results indicated that the protective effect of lactose on the bile salt stress response of Streptococcus thermophilus is strain dependent.Theβ-galactosidase activity of the strains was correlated with the yield of exopolysaccharides(EPS)significantly,and the strain with a high survival rate(4M6)showed higher lactose utilization,β-galactosidase activity and more EPS production in general.
