Background Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)is a frequent and prominent phenomenon in major depressive disorder(MDD).Even though its prevalence and risk factors are relatively well understood,the potential mechanisms of ...Background Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)is a frequent and prominent phenomenon in major depressive disorder(MDD).Even though its prevalence and risk factors are relatively well understood,the potential mechanisms of NSSI in MDD remain elusive.Aims To review present evidence related to the potential mechanisms of NSSI in MDD.Methods According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines,articles for this systematic review were searched on Medline(through PubMed),Embase(through Elsevier),PsycINFO(through OVID)and Web of Science databases for English articles,as well as China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),SinoMed,Wanfang Data,and the Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical(VIP)Databases for Chinese articles published from the date of inception to 2 August 2022.Two researchers(BW,HZ)independently screened studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed their quality.Results A total of 25157 studies were searched.Only 25 of them were ultimately included,containing 3336 subjects(1535 patients with MDD and NSSI,1403 patients with MDD without NSSI and 398 HCs).Included studies were divided into 6 categories:psychosocial factors(11 studies),neuroimaging(8 studies),stress and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis(2 studies),pain perception(1 study),electroencephalogram(EEG)(2 studies)and epigenetics(1 study).Conclusions This systematic review indicates that patients with MDD and NSSI might have specific psychosocial factors,aberrant brain functions and neurochemical metabolisms,HPA axis dysfunctions,abnormal pain perceptions and epigenetic alterations.展开更多
Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)is considered a very debilitating disorder with severe loss of quality of life and income.Aims This study estimates the quality of life and economic consequences of OCD in ...Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)is considered a very debilitating disorder with severe loss of quality of life and income.Aims This study estimates the quality of life and economic consequences of OCD in China.Methods The research team interviewed 639 patients with OCD in 13 hospitals in 12 cities in China.The direct method was used to get the direct cost of OCD.Indirect costs associated with OCD were estimated using the human capital approach.Linear regression analysis was conducted for quality of life and generalised linear model analysis was conducted for total cost.Sensitivity analysis was used to analyse the uncertainty of total cost.Results The mean quality of life score for OCD was 52.78(20.46).The annual total cost of OCD per capita was 24503.78(95%CI:22621.53 to 26386.03)renminbi(RMB)(US$3465.88(95%CI:US$3199.65 to US$3732.11)).The annual cost of OCD in China was estimated to be 37.74 billion(95%CI:34.95 billion to 40.53 billion)RMB(equal to US$5.34 billion(95%CI:US$4.94 billion to US$5.73 billion)).Sensitivity analysis showed that the total annual cost of OCD in China was between 23.15 billion RMB(US$3.27 billion)and 370.00 billion RMB(US$52.33 billion).Worse social function status,more psychiatric symptoms and higher Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale(Y-BOCS)score were associated with worse quality of life.The numbers of clinic visits and hospitalisations,socioeconomic status,education,Y-BOCS scores and age were found to be significantly associated with total cost.Conclusions OCD is associated with low quality of life and high costs in China.The findings call for concerted efforts to improve services for patients with OCD.Improvements may include early detection and diagnosis,the provision of evidence-based treatments and relapse prevention strategies.展开更多
The study of a Mitsunobu reaction is an important topic.Denton and co-workers first reported a novel(2-hydroxybenzyl)diphenylphosphine oxide for realizing the catalytic Mitsunobu reaction via a five-membered phosphoni...The study of a Mitsunobu reaction is an important topic.Denton and co-workers first reported a novel(2-hydroxybenzyl)diphenylphosphine oxide for realizing the catalytic Mitsunobu reaction via a five-membered phosphonium species.However,it is still worth investigating how to improve catalysts with higher efficiency.Guided by computational and experimental studies,we designed a new type of biphenyl-based phosphine oxide that would form a six-membered phosphonium species as a key intermediate to trigger the catalytic Mitsunobu reaction with a lower barrier of the rate-determining step(30.3 kcal/mol).DFT calculations revealed that only trans dehydration was participated in our catalytic progress and a strongπ-πinteraction and small spatial constraint of TS-V were crucial for high behavior.This readily accessible,highly stable,easily recyclable and efficient catalyst would boost the catalytic Mitsunobu reaction.展开更多
We report the world's first all-season training and validation sample sets for global land cover classification with Landsat-8 data.Prior to this,such samples were only available at a single date primarily from th...We report the world's first all-season training and validation sample sets for global land cover classification with Landsat-8 data.Prior to this,such samples were only available at a single date primarily from the growing season.It is unknown how much limitation such a single-date sample has to mapping global land cover in other seasons of the year.To answer this question,we selected available Landsat-8 images from four seasons and collected training and validation samples from them.We compared the performances of training samples in different seasons using Random Forest algorithm.We found that the use of training samples from any individual season would result in the best overall classification accuracy when validated by samples in the same season.The global overall accuracy from combined best seasonal results was 67.2% when classifying the 11 Level-1 classes in the Finer Resolution Observation and Monitoring of Global Land Cover(FROM-GLC) classification system.The use of training samples from all seasons(named all-season training sample set hereafter) produced an overall accuracy of 67.0%.We also tested classification within 10° latitude 60° longitude zones using all-season training subsample within each zone and obtained an overall accuracy of 70.2%.This indicates that properly grouped subsamples in space can help improve classification accuracies.All the results in this study seem to suggest that it is possible to use an all-season training sample set to reach global optimality with universal applicability in classifying images acquired at any time of a year for global land cover mapping.展开更多
Annual land use land cover(LULC)change information at medium spatial resolution(i.e.at 30 m)is required in numerous subjects,such as biophysical modelling,land management and global change studies.Annual LULC informat...Annual land use land cover(LULC)change information at medium spatial resolution(i.e.at 30 m)is required in numerous subjects,such as biophysical modelling,land management and global change studies.Annual LULC information,however,is usually not available at continental or national scale due to reasons such as insufficient remote sensing data coverage or lack of computational capabilities.Here we integrate high temporal resolution and coarse spatial resolution satellite images(i.e.,Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)and Global Inventory Modelling and Mapping Studies(GIMMS)normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI))with high spatial resolution datasets(China’s Land-Use/cover Datasets(CLUDs)derived from 30-meter Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI)to generate reliable annual nominal 30 m LULC maps for the whole of China between 1980 and 2015.We also test the performance of a statistical based change detection algorithm(Breaks for Additive Seasonal and Trend),originally designed for tracking forest change,in classifying all-type LULC change.As a result,a nominal 30 m annual land use/land cover datasets(CLUD-A)from 1980 to 2015 was developed for the whole China.The mapping results were assessed with a change sample dataset,a regional annual validation sample set and a three-year China sample set.Of the detected change years,75.61%matched the exact time of conversion within±1 year.Annual mapping results provided a detail process of urbanization,deforestation,afforestation,water and cropland dynamics over the past 36 years.The consistent characterization of land change dynamics for China can be further used in scientific research and to support land management for policy-makers.展开更多
We explored the association between HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 polymorphisms and reviewed clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)in Han population in Yunnan,China.Methods:There were 295 patients and 265 ...We explored the association between HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 polymorphisms and reviewed clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)in Han population in Yunnan,China.Methods:There were 295 patients and 265 healthy control subjects(HCs)enrolled in the study.Clinical data and blood samples were collected from the patients.The HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 genotypes were detected in SLE patients and HCs.Results:A total of 74 genotypes on HLA-B loci were determined in 288 patients as well as 57 genotypes in 265 HCs.The results showed SLE was associated with the HLA-B*40:01 and HLA-DRB1*08:03 alleles,and the HLAB*46:01,HLA-DRB1*12:02,DRB1*04:03,DRB1*14:01,DRB1*04:06,and DRB1*11:01 alleles were less likely to appear in SLE patients.Additionally,HLA-B*07:02 and B*40:06 were associated with disease activity.HLADRB1*03:01,DRB1*13:02,and DRB1*12:01 were associated with proteinuria.Furthermore,HLA-B*51:01,B*13:02,B*38:02,B*35:01,HLA-DRB1*15:02,DRB1*15:04,DRB1*15:01,and DRB1*08:03 were correlated with inflammatory factors and immune dysfunction.HLA-B*15:25 was related to the production of multiple antibodies.HLA-DRB1*12:02 might be a protective factor for pancytopenia.The haplotype of HLA-B*40:01/DRB1*08:03 was linked with SLE.Conclusion:SLE in Han population in Yunnan province was associated with the HLA-B*40:01 and HLA-DRB1*08:03 alleles,and the haplotype HLAB*40:01/DRB1*08:03.Several alleles were associated with inflammation,immune disorders,and organ involvement in SLE.Those alleles might be potential genetic markers of SLE.展开更多
基金This study was funded by Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(grant no.20ZR1448500,YDZX20213100001003,22YF1439100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.82201678).
文摘Background Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)is a frequent and prominent phenomenon in major depressive disorder(MDD).Even though its prevalence and risk factors are relatively well understood,the potential mechanisms of NSSI in MDD remain elusive.Aims To review present evidence related to the potential mechanisms of NSSI in MDD.Methods According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines,articles for this systematic review were searched on Medline(through PubMed),Embase(through Elsevier),PsycINFO(through OVID)and Web of Science databases for English articles,as well as China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),SinoMed,Wanfang Data,and the Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical(VIP)Databases for Chinese articles published from the date of inception to 2 August 2022.Two researchers(BW,HZ)independently screened studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed their quality.Results A total of 25157 studies were searched.Only 25 of them were ultimately included,containing 3336 subjects(1535 patients with MDD and NSSI,1403 patients with MDD without NSSI and 398 HCs).Included studies were divided into 6 categories:psychosocial factors(11 studies),neuroimaging(8 studies),stress and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis(2 studies),pain perception(1 study),electroencephalogram(EEG)(2 studies)and epigenetics(1 study).Conclusions This systematic review indicates that patients with MDD and NSSI might have specific psychosocial factors,aberrant brain functions and neurochemical metabolisms,HPA axis dysfunctions,abnormal pain perceptions and epigenetic alterations.
基金This research was supported by grants from the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(SMHC)(2019ZB0201)Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Mental Health(19MC1911100)SMHC Clinical Research Center(CRC2018ZD03).
文摘Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)is considered a very debilitating disorder with severe loss of quality of life and income.Aims This study estimates the quality of life and economic consequences of OCD in China.Methods The research team interviewed 639 patients with OCD in 13 hospitals in 12 cities in China.The direct method was used to get the direct cost of OCD.Indirect costs associated with OCD were estimated using the human capital approach.Linear regression analysis was conducted for quality of life and generalised linear model analysis was conducted for total cost.Sensitivity analysis was used to analyse the uncertainty of total cost.Results The mean quality of life score for OCD was 52.78(20.46).The annual total cost of OCD per capita was 24503.78(95%CI:22621.53 to 26386.03)renminbi(RMB)(US$3465.88(95%CI:US$3199.65 to US$3732.11)).The annual cost of OCD in China was estimated to be 37.74 billion(95%CI:34.95 billion to 40.53 billion)RMB(equal to US$5.34 billion(95%CI:US$4.94 billion to US$5.73 billion)).Sensitivity analysis showed that the total annual cost of OCD in China was between 23.15 billion RMB(US$3.27 billion)and 370.00 billion RMB(US$52.33 billion).Worse social function status,more psychiatric symptoms and higher Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale(Y-BOCS)score were associated with worse quality of life.The numbers of clinic visits and hospitalisations,socioeconomic status,education,Y-BOCS scores and age were found to be significantly associated with total cost.Conclusions OCD is associated with low quality of life and high costs in China.The findings call for concerted efforts to improve services for patients with OCD.Improvements may include early detection and diagnosis,the provision of evidence-based treatments and relapse prevention strategies.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22078298,21978271 and 22178315)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LY21B020007)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M712824)Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2023C03117).
文摘The study of a Mitsunobu reaction is an important topic.Denton and co-workers first reported a novel(2-hydroxybenzyl)diphenylphosphine oxide for realizing the catalytic Mitsunobu reaction via a five-membered phosphonium species.However,it is still worth investigating how to improve catalysts with higher efficiency.Guided by computational and experimental studies,we designed a new type of biphenyl-based phosphine oxide that would form a six-membered phosphonium species as a key intermediate to trigger the catalytic Mitsunobu reaction with a lower barrier of the rate-determining step(30.3 kcal/mol).DFT calculations revealed that only trans dehydration was participated in our catalytic progress and a strongπ-πinteraction and small spatial constraint of TS-V were crucial for high behavior.This readily accessible,highly stable,easily recyclable and efficient catalyst would boost the catalytic Mitsunobu reaction.
基金partially supported by the National High Technology Program(2013AA122804)the Special Fund for Meteorology Scientific Research in the Public Welfare(GYHY201506023)of ChinaOpen Fund of State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science(OFSLRSS201514)
文摘We report the world's first all-season training and validation sample sets for global land cover classification with Landsat-8 data.Prior to this,such samples were only available at a single date primarily from the growing season.It is unknown how much limitation such a single-date sample has to mapping global land cover in other seasons of the year.To answer this question,we selected available Landsat-8 images from four seasons and collected training and validation samples from them.We compared the performances of training samples in different seasons using Random Forest algorithm.We found that the use of training samples from any individual season would result in the best overall classification accuracy when validated by samples in the same season.The global overall accuracy from combined best seasonal results was 67.2% when classifying the 11 Level-1 classes in the Finer Resolution Observation and Monitoring of Global Land Cover(FROM-GLC) classification system.The use of training samples from all seasons(named all-season training sample set hereafter) produced an overall accuracy of 67.0%.We also tested classification within 10° latitude 60° longitude zones using all-season training subsample within each zone and obtained an overall accuracy of 70.2%.This indicates that properly grouped subsamples in space can help improve classification accuracies.All the results in this study seem to suggest that it is possible to use an all-season training sample set to reach global optimality with universal applicability in classifying images acquired at any time of a year for global land cover mapping.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2017YFA0604401 and 2019YFA0606601)the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(Grant No.2019Z02CAU)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.Y4YR1300QM)。
文摘Annual land use land cover(LULC)change information at medium spatial resolution(i.e.at 30 m)is required in numerous subjects,such as biophysical modelling,land management and global change studies.Annual LULC information,however,is usually not available at continental or national scale due to reasons such as insufficient remote sensing data coverage or lack of computational capabilities.Here we integrate high temporal resolution and coarse spatial resolution satellite images(i.e.,Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)and Global Inventory Modelling and Mapping Studies(GIMMS)normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI))with high spatial resolution datasets(China’s Land-Use/cover Datasets(CLUDs)derived from 30-meter Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI)to generate reliable annual nominal 30 m LULC maps for the whole of China between 1980 and 2015.We also test the performance of a statistical based change detection algorithm(Breaks for Additive Seasonal and Trend),originally designed for tracking forest change,in classifying all-type LULC change.As a result,a nominal 30 m annual land use/land cover datasets(CLUD-A)from 1980 to 2015 was developed for the whole China.The mapping results were assessed with a change sample dataset,a regional annual validation sample set and a three-year China sample set.Of the detected change years,75.61%matched the exact time of conversion within±1 year.Annual mapping results provided a detail process of urbanization,deforestation,afforestation,water and cropland dynamics over the past 36 years.The consistent characterization of land change dynamics for China can be further used in scientific research and to support land management for policy-makers.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:81760296,81460256,81160379。
文摘We explored the association between HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 polymorphisms and reviewed clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)in Han population in Yunnan,China.Methods:There were 295 patients and 265 healthy control subjects(HCs)enrolled in the study.Clinical data and blood samples were collected from the patients.The HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 genotypes were detected in SLE patients and HCs.Results:A total of 74 genotypes on HLA-B loci were determined in 288 patients as well as 57 genotypes in 265 HCs.The results showed SLE was associated with the HLA-B*40:01 and HLA-DRB1*08:03 alleles,and the HLAB*46:01,HLA-DRB1*12:02,DRB1*04:03,DRB1*14:01,DRB1*04:06,and DRB1*11:01 alleles were less likely to appear in SLE patients.Additionally,HLA-B*07:02 and B*40:06 were associated with disease activity.HLADRB1*03:01,DRB1*13:02,and DRB1*12:01 were associated with proteinuria.Furthermore,HLA-B*51:01,B*13:02,B*38:02,B*35:01,HLA-DRB1*15:02,DRB1*15:04,DRB1*15:01,and DRB1*08:03 were correlated with inflammatory factors and immune dysfunction.HLA-B*15:25 was related to the production of multiple antibodies.HLA-DRB1*12:02 might be a protective factor for pancytopenia.The haplotype of HLA-B*40:01/DRB1*08:03 was linked with SLE.Conclusion:SLE in Han population in Yunnan province was associated with the HLA-B*40:01 and HLA-DRB1*08:03 alleles,and the haplotype HLAB*40:01/DRB1*08:03.Several alleles were associated with inflammation,immune disorders,and organ involvement in SLE.Those alleles might be potential genetic markers of SLE.
