Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) is characterized by glycemia and insulin disorders.Bile acids(BAs) have emerged as vital signaling molecules in glucose metabolic regulation.BA change in GDM is still unclear,which e...Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) is characterized by glycemia and insulin disorders.Bile acids(BAs) have emerged as vital signaling molecules in glucose metabolic regulation.BA change in GDM is still unclear,which exerts great significance to illustrate the change of BAs in GDM.GDM patients and normal pregnant women were enrolled during the oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) screening period.Fasting serums were sampled for the measurement of BAs.BA metabolism profiles were analyzed in both pregnant women with GDM and those with normal glucose tolerance(NGT).Delivery characteristics,delivery gestational age,and infant birthweight were extracted from medical records.GDM patients presented distinctive features compared with NGT patients,including higher body mass index(BMI),elevated serum glucose concentration,raised insulin(both fasting and OGTT),and increased hemoglobin A1 c(HbA1c) levels.Higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) and decreased β-cell compensation(i.e.,oral disposition index(DIo)) were also prevalent in this group.Total BAs(TBAs) remained stable,but glycodeoxycholic acid(GDCA) and taurodeoxycholic acid(TDCA) levels declined significantly in GDM.GDCA was inversely correlated with HOMA-IR and positively correlated with DIo.No obvious differences in clinical outcome between the GDM and NGT groups were observed.However,GDM patients with high HOMA-IR and low DIo tended to have a higher cesarean delivery rate and younger delivery gestational age.In conclusion,GDCA provides a valuable biomarker to evaluate HOMA-IR and DIo, and decreased GDCA levels predict poorer clinical outcomes for GDM.展开更多
Young children’s reputation management is closely related to their social development.The purpose of our study is to examine the interaction between theory of mind and partner choice on children’s reputation managem...Young children’s reputation management is closely related to their social development.The purpose of our study is to examine the interaction between theory of mind and partner choice on children’s reputation management.Participants consisted of 270 children who were 3 to 5 years old.First,we measured participants’theory of mind capabilities using the unexpected location task and unexpected content task and then randomly divided the participants into the control group,non-partner–choice group,and partner-choice group.We measured reputation management by comparing children’s willingness to share and sharing behavior between these groups.Thefindings are as follows:(1)Children from ages 3 to 5 demonstrated reputation management,and their reputation management followed a significant developmental trend.The reputation management of 4-to 5-year-old children was significantly better than that of 3-year-old children.(2)Scores on the theory of mind tasks positively predicted children’s reputation management.(3)Partner choice affected children’s reputation management.In the partner-choice group,children’s reputation management was more apparent.(4)Partner choice did moderate the relationship between theory of mind and children’s reputation management.In the partner-choice group,theory of mind had a stronger predictive effect on children’s reputation management.展开更多
Synoptic meteorology is a branch of meteorology that uses synoptic weather observations and charts for the diagnosis,study,and forecasting of weather.Weather refers to the specific state of the atmosphere near the Ea...Synoptic meteorology is a branch of meteorology that uses synoptic weather observations and charts for the diagnosis,study,and forecasting of weather.Weather refers to the specific state of the atmosphere near the Earth’s surface during a short period of time.The spatial distribution of meteorological elements in the atmosphere can be represented by a variety of transient weather phenomena,which are caused by weather systems of different spatial and temporal scales.Weather is closely related to people’s life,and its development and evolution have always been the focus of atmospheric scientific research and operation.The development of synoptic meteorology is closely related to the development of observation systems,dynamical theories and numerical models.In China,observation networks have been built since the early 1950 s.Up to now,a comprehensive meteorological observation systembased on ground,air and space has been established.In particular,the development of a new generation of dense radar networks,the development of the Fengyun satellite series and the implementation of a series of large field experiments have brought our understanding of weather from large-scale environment to thermal dynamics,cloud microphysical structure and evolution characteristics of meso and micro-scale weather systems.The development of observation has also promoted the development of theory,numerical model and simulation.In the early days,China mainly used foreign numerical models.Lately,China has developed numerical model systems with independent intellectual property rights.Based on the results of high-resolution numerical simulations,in-depth understanding of the initiation and evolution mechanism and predictability of weather at different scales has been obtained.Synoptic meteorology has gradually changed from an initially independent development to a multidisciplinary approach,and the interaction between weather and the change of climate and environment has become a hot and frontier topic in atmospheric science.This paper reviews the important scientific and technological achievements made in China over the past 70 years in the fields of synoptic meteorology based on the literatures in China and abroad,from six aspects respectively including atmospheric dynamics,synoptic-scale weather,typhoon and tropical weather,severe convective weather,numerical weather prediction and data assimilation,weather and climate,atmospheric physics and atmospheric environment.展开更多
High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was conducted to characterize the changing patterns of bacterial community and potential pathogens in full-scale drinking water treatment and distribution systems....High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was conducted to characterize the changing patterns of bacterial community and potential pathogens in full-scale drinking water treatment and distribution systems.Results showed that Actinobacteria was the predominant phylum in source water,while Proteobacteria dominated after chlorine disinfection and its relative abundance increased from 40.88%±9.45%to 67.86%±27.10%.The genera Pseudarthrobacter,Arenimonas,and Limnohabitans were effectively removed by chlorination,while Phreatobacter,Undibacterium,Pseudomonas,and Sphingomonas within the Proteobacteria phylum were greatly enriched after chlorination.Metagenomic analyses revealed the occurrence of 56 species of potential pathogenic bacteria within 17 genera in drinking water,mainly including Pseudomonas fluorescens and five mycobacteria species,which were also persistent in tap water samples.The bacteria were found to be involved in various pathways,among which considerable groups were related to human diseases,including infectious diseases and even cancers.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Nos.2018YFC1002700 and 2018YFC1002702)。
文摘Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) is characterized by glycemia and insulin disorders.Bile acids(BAs) have emerged as vital signaling molecules in glucose metabolic regulation.BA change in GDM is still unclear,which exerts great significance to illustrate the change of BAs in GDM.GDM patients and normal pregnant women were enrolled during the oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) screening period.Fasting serums were sampled for the measurement of BAs.BA metabolism profiles were analyzed in both pregnant women with GDM and those with normal glucose tolerance(NGT).Delivery characteristics,delivery gestational age,and infant birthweight were extracted from medical records.GDM patients presented distinctive features compared with NGT patients,including higher body mass index(BMI),elevated serum glucose concentration,raised insulin(both fasting and OGTT),and increased hemoglobin A1 c(HbA1c) levels.Higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) and decreased β-cell compensation(i.e.,oral disposition index(DIo)) were also prevalent in this group.Total BAs(TBAs) remained stable,but glycodeoxycholic acid(GDCA) and taurodeoxycholic acid(TDCA) levels declined significantly in GDM.GDCA was inversely correlated with HOMA-IR and positively correlated with DIo.No obvious differences in clinical outcome between the GDM and NGT groups were observed.However,GDM patients with high HOMA-IR and low DIo tended to have a higher cesarean delivery rate and younger delivery gestational age.In conclusion,GDCA provides a valuable biomarker to evaluate HOMA-IR and DIo, and decreased GDCA levels predict poorer clinical outcomes for GDM.
文摘Young children’s reputation management is closely related to their social development.The purpose of our study is to examine the interaction between theory of mind and partner choice on children’s reputation management.Participants consisted of 270 children who were 3 to 5 years old.First,we measured participants’theory of mind capabilities using the unexpected location task and unexpected content task and then randomly divided the participants into the control group,non-partner–choice group,and partner-choice group.We measured reputation management by comparing children’s willingness to share and sharing behavior between these groups.Thefindings are as follows:(1)Children from ages 3 to 5 demonstrated reputation management,and their reputation management followed a significant developmental trend.The reputation management of 4-to 5-year-old children was significantly better than that of 3-year-old children.(2)Scores on the theory of mind tasks positively predicted children’s reputation management.(3)Partner choice affected children’s reputation management.In the partner-choice group,children’s reputation management was more apparent.(4)Partner choice did moderate the relationship between theory of mind and children’s reputation management.In the partner-choice group,theory of mind had a stronger predictive effect on children’s reputation management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41425018)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFC1501601)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41675045)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFC1501904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41875066, 41675108 & 41875051)the Special Program on the Monitoring, Warning and Prevention of Major Natural Disasters (Grant No. 2018YFC1506702)
文摘Synoptic meteorology is a branch of meteorology that uses synoptic weather observations and charts for the diagnosis,study,and forecasting of weather.Weather refers to the specific state of the atmosphere near the Earth’s surface during a short period of time.The spatial distribution of meteorological elements in the atmosphere can be represented by a variety of transient weather phenomena,which are caused by weather systems of different spatial and temporal scales.Weather is closely related to people’s life,and its development and evolution have always been the focus of atmospheric scientific research and operation.The development of synoptic meteorology is closely related to the development of observation systems,dynamical theories and numerical models.In China,observation networks have been built since the early 1950 s.Up to now,a comprehensive meteorological observation systembased on ground,air and space has been established.In particular,the development of a new generation of dense radar networks,the development of the Fengyun satellite series and the implementation of a series of large field experiments have brought our understanding of weather from large-scale environment to thermal dynamics,cloud microphysical structure and evolution characteristics of meso and micro-scale weather systems.The development of observation has also promoted the development of theory,numerical model and simulation.In the early days,China mainly used foreign numerical models.Lately,China has developed numerical model systems with independent intellectual property rights.Based on the results of high-resolution numerical simulations,in-depth understanding of the initiation and evolution mechanism and predictability of weather at different scales has been obtained.Synoptic meteorology has gradually changed from an initially independent development to a multidisciplinary approach,and the interaction between weather and the change of climate and environment has become a hot and frontier topic in atmospheric science.This paper reviews the important scientific and technological achievements made in China over the past 70 years in the fields of synoptic meteorology based on the literatures in China and abroad,from six aspects respectively including atmospheric dynamics,synoptic-scale weather,typhoon and tropical weather,severe convective weather,numerical weather prediction and data assimilation,weather and climate,atmospheric physics and atmospheric environment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52025102 and 51908274)Nanjing University Excellent Research Program(ZYJH005)State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Foundation(PCRRF20004).
文摘High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was conducted to characterize the changing patterns of bacterial community and potential pathogens in full-scale drinking water treatment and distribution systems.Results showed that Actinobacteria was the predominant phylum in source water,while Proteobacteria dominated after chlorine disinfection and its relative abundance increased from 40.88%±9.45%to 67.86%±27.10%.The genera Pseudarthrobacter,Arenimonas,and Limnohabitans were effectively removed by chlorination,while Phreatobacter,Undibacterium,Pseudomonas,and Sphingomonas within the Proteobacteria phylum were greatly enriched after chlorination.Metagenomic analyses revealed the occurrence of 56 species of potential pathogenic bacteria within 17 genera in drinking water,mainly including Pseudomonas fluorescens and five mycobacteria species,which were also persistent in tap water samples.The bacteria were found to be involved in various pathways,among which considerable groups were related to human diseases,including infectious diseases and even cancers.
