Carbon hollow microspheres as microwave absorption materials(MAMs)are of great significance in the research focuses owing to their lightweight,good impedance matching,and modifiable dielectric proper-ties.However,it i...Carbon hollow microspheres as microwave absorption materials(MAMs)are of great significance in the research focuses owing to their lightweight,good impedance matching,and modifiable dielectric proper-ties.However,it is still a huge challenge to distinguish the contribution of dielectric attenuation between carbon intrinsic feature and hollow structure due to the lack of appropriate model materials.Then,the inadequate analysis of effective dielectric attenuation resulted in the construction of carbon hollow mi-crospheres semiempirical and often lacked precise modification of microstructure.Herein,a series of car-bon hollow microspheres with controllable graphitization and thickness of shell derived from phenolic resin coated on polystyrene microspheres that fully decomposed were synthesized,which is free of the impact of template residue.The carbon fragments ground from hollow microspheres exhibit the same broadband response as hollow microspheres,with effective bandwidth(RL<-10 dB)of 7.6 GHz,while their electromagnetic wave loss mechanisms are distinct.The high dielectric loss of carbon fragments with the same intrinsic characteristics as carbon hollow microspheres is mainly caused by dipole po-larization relaxation and enhancement of electrical conductivity ascribed to overlapping between carbon sheets.For the hollow structure,in addition to dipole polarization relaxation attributed to carbon intrin-sic feature,the effective dielectric loss is also comprised of the interfacial polarization in advantage due to the effective heterogeneous interface between air and carbon shell.This work provides a simplified model to clarify the effect of carbon intrinsic feature and microstructure on the dielectric loss of carbon hollow microspheres.展开更多
RNA-binding proteins(RBPs)constitute central regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression and have been increasingly recognized as critical contributors to the pathogenesis of cancer,neurodegenerative disorders,...RNA-binding proteins(RBPs)constitute central regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression and have been increasingly recognized as critical contributors to the pathogenesis of cancer,neurodegenerative disorders,and autoimmune diseases.However,in contrast to well-established drug targets such as kinases and G protein-coupled receptors,RBPs remain largely underexploited owing to their intrinsic structural heterogeneity,dynamic RNA interactions,and paucity of canonical ligand-binding pockets.In this review,we synthesize current knowledge on the roles of RBPs in disease,outline recent advances in the design of small-molecule modulators,and highlight innovative applications of high-throughput screening and chemical biology approaches for target identification and validation.We further discuss emerging concepts and challenges in translating RBP modulators into therapeutics,providing a forward-looking perspective on how these efforts may reshape small-molecule drug discovery in this evolving field.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.51802278)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(grant Nos.B2021203012,E2022203082)Department of Education of Hebei Province(grant No.QN2021140).
文摘Carbon hollow microspheres as microwave absorption materials(MAMs)are of great significance in the research focuses owing to their lightweight,good impedance matching,and modifiable dielectric proper-ties.However,it is still a huge challenge to distinguish the contribution of dielectric attenuation between carbon intrinsic feature and hollow structure due to the lack of appropriate model materials.Then,the inadequate analysis of effective dielectric attenuation resulted in the construction of carbon hollow mi-crospheres semiempirical and often lacked precise modification of microstructure.Herein,a series of car-bon hollow microspheres with controllable graphitization and thickness of shell derived from phenolic resin coated on polystyrene microspheres that fully decomposed were synthesized,which is free of the impact of template residue.The carbon fragments ground from hollow microspheres exhibit the same broadband response as hollow microspheres,with effective bandwidth(RL<-10 dB)of 7.6 GHz,while their electromagnetic wave loss mechanisms are distinct.The high dielectric loss of carbon fragments with the same intrinsic characteristics as carbon hollow microspheres is mainly caused by dipole po-larization relaxation and enhancement of electrical conductivity ascribed to overlapping between carbon sheets.For the hollow structure,in addition to dipole polarization relaxation attributed to carbon intrin-sic feature,the effective dielectric loss is also comprised of the interfacial polarization in advantage due to the effective heterogeneous interface between air and carbon shell.This work provides a simplified model to clarify the effect of carbon intrinsic feature and microstructure on the dielectric loss of carbon hollow microspheres.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82574253)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20231483,China)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2632025TD01,China).
文摘RNA-binding proteins(RBPs)constitute central regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression and have been increasingly recognized as critical contributors to the pathogenesis of cancer,neurodegenerative disorders,and autoimmune diseases.However,in contrast to well-established drug targets such as kinases and G protein-coupled receptors,RBPs remain largely underexploited owing to their intrinsic structural heterogeneity,dynamic RNA interactions,and paucity of canonical ligand-binding pockets.In this review,we synthesize current knowledge on the roles of RBPs in disease,outline recent advances in the design of small-molecule modulators,and highlight innovative applications of high-throughput screening and chemical biology approaches for target identification and validation.We further discuss emerging concepts and challenges in translating RBP modulators into therapeutics,providing a forward-looking perspective on how these efforts may reshape small-molecule drug discovery in this evolving field.
