An isotope dilution ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method was developed to simultaneously detect two typical kinds ofα,β-unsaturated aldehydes,namely 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal(...An isotope dilution ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method was developed to simultaneously detect two typical kinds ofα,β-unsaturated aldehydes,namely 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal(4-HHE)and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal(4-HNE),in foods.The proposed method exhibited a linear range of 10-1000 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 0.1-2.0 ng/g and a limit of quantification of 0.3-5.0 ng/g.The recovery rates of these typical toxic aldehydes(i.e.,4-HHE,4-HNE)and their d3-labeled analogues were 91.54%-105.12%with a low matrix effect.Furthermore,this proposed method was successfully applied to a real frying system and a simulated digestion system,wherein the contents of 4-HHE and 4-HNE were determined for both.Overall,the obtained results provide strong support for further research into the production of 4-HHE and 4-HNE resulting from foods during oil digestion and frying.展开更多
Magnesium alloys are frequently subjected to biaxial stress during manufacturing process,however,the work hardening behavior under such circumstance are not well understood.In this study,the deformation mechanisms and...Magnesium alloys are frequently subjected to biaxial stress during manufacturing process,however,the work hardening behavior under such circumstance are not well understood.In this study,the deformation mechanisms and differential work hardening behavior of rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets under biaxial loading are investigated.The change of plastic work contours with increasing plastic strain indicates the differential work hardening behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy under biaxial stress state,resulting in higher macroscopic work hardening rates of biaxial loading than uniaxial loading,with the elastic-plastic transition part of work hardening extended and stage Ⅲ hardly emerged.Electron backscatter diffraction and Schmid factor analysis confirm the low activation of non-basalslip during biaxial loading tests.While the thickness strain is primarily accommodated by pyramidal<c+a>slip at the initial stage of biaxial deformation,{10–11}contraction twinning is activated at larger plastic strain.The low activation of non-basalslip also retards the dynamic recovery and cross-slip of basal and prismaticslips,leading to the differential work hardening behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy under biaxial stress state.展开更多
BACKGROUND： It demonstrates that erhuangfang can improve clinical symptoms of multiple sclerosis and relieve side effects of hormone. However, whether erhuangfang can improve experimental allergic encephalomyelitis ...BACKGROUND： It demonstrates that erhuangfang can improve clinical symptoms of multiple sclerosis and relieve side effects of hormone. However, whether erhuangfang can improve experimental allergic encephalomyelitis （EAE） or not needs a further study. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of erhuangfang on neuro-pathology and astrocyte in EAE rats and compare with the effect of hormone. DESIGN： Randomized controlled animal study. SETTINGS： Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University. MATERIALS： The experiment was carded out in the Laboratory Center of Capital Medical University from August to October 2005. Ten adult guinea pigs （SPF grade, weighing 400 - 450 g） and 70 adult Lewis rats （SPF grade, weighing 200- 220 g） were selected in this study. Erhuangfang consisted of fiudahuang, shengdi, shuizhi, dabeimu, etc. METHODS： ①Experimental intervention： Rats were randomly divided into normal group （n=10）, model group （n=20）, western medicine group （n=20） and Chinese herb group （n=20）. Mixed emulsion, which was consisted of Freund＇s adjuvant and spinal cord homogenate of guinea pigs, was subcutaneously injected into palms of the two hindfeet of rats in the latter three groups to establish EAE models. Foot pads were injected with saline and then rats were perfused with saline in the normal group.in the model group, models were established as the same as those mentioned above, and rats were also perfused with saline. Rats in the western medicine group were perfused with saline and then 5 mg/kg prednisone acetate suspension. Rats in the Chinese herb group were perfused with erhuangfang decoction （15 g raw materials per kilogram） at 5 days before model establishment. The dosage in the four groups was 3 mL/day per rat. ②Experimental evaluation： At 28 days after model establishment, rats were randomly selected for cerebral （mainly surrounding cerebral ventricle） and spinal cord （cervical enlargement and lumbar enlargement） collections, and then haematine-eosin （HE） staining and SLG myelin staining were used to observe demyelination and regeneration; meanwhile, immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the expression of glial fibriliary acidic protein （GFAP）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Cerebral and spinal demyelination and regeneration as well as expression of GFAP in EAE rats. RESULTS： All 70 Lewis rats were involved in the final analysis. ①Demyelination and regeneration： Infiltration of inflammatory cells surrounding cerebrum and small venous vessels of spinal cord white matter, demyelination surrounding vessels and plentiful foam cells at myelinolysis sites were observed in the model group. Symptoms were relieved in the western medicine group and the Chinese herb group as compared with those in the model group. While, numbers of inflammatory infiltrated cells and vascular cuffs were decreased in focal region as compared with those in the model group; in addition, areas of softening focus and demyelination were decreased. ②Expression of GFAP： Volumes and numbers of positive cells of GFAP in white matter region were respectively bigger and higher than those of normal cells in the model group. Plentiful positive cells of GFAP were disorderly aggregated in hippocampus and surrounding small vessel cuffs. While, expression of GFAP was mildly increased surrounding focus in the Chinese herb group; however, GFAP did not express surrounding focus in the western medicine group. In addition, expressions of GFAP were not increased in non-focal region in both Chinese herb group and western medicine group. CONCLUSION： Both erhuangfang and hormone can relieve inflammatory reaction of central nervoussystem and demyelination of EAE rats. On one hand, erhuangfang can regulate reaction of astrocyte in two ways, relieve reaction and proliferation of astrocyte in non-focal region and maintain the protective effect of astrocyte on brain tissue in focal region; on the other hand, hormone can overall inhibit reaction of astrocyte.展开更多
The completely selective oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde with dioxygen,without the need touse H_(2)O_(2),halogens,or any radical initiators,is a reaction long desired but never previously successful.Here,we demon...The completely selective oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde with dioxygen,without the need touse H_(2)O_(2),halogens,or any radical initiators,is a reaction long desired but never previously successful.Here,we demonstrate the enzyme‐like mechanism of the reaction over hexadecylphosphateacid(HDPA)‐bonded nano‐oxides,which appear to interact with toluene through specific recognition.The active sites of the catalyst are related to the ability of HDPA to change its bonding to theoxides between monodentate and bidentate during the reaction cycle.This greatly enhances themobility of the crystal oxygen or the reactivity of the catalyst,specifically in toluene transformations.The catalytic cycle of the catalyst is similar to that of methane monooxygenase.In thepresence of catalyst and through O_(2)oxidation,the conversion of toluene to benzaldehyde is initiatedat 70°C.We envision that this novel mechanism reveals alternatives for an attractive route to designhigh‐performance catalysts with bioinspired structures.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the treatment of oligoasthenospermatism(OAS) with Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).METHODS: The literature describing OAS treatment with TCM in the past 4 years was searched.Three studies were...OBJECTIVE: To summarize the treatment of oligoasthenospermatism(OAS) with Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).METHODS: The literature describing OAS treatment with TCM in the past 4 years was searched.Three studies were reviewed, evaluated, and summarized. The etiology and pathogenesis, pattern differentiation, medicine administration, and combination of TCM with Western Medicine were all examined.RESULTS: TCM had an advantage in treating OAS and had fewer adverse events than conventional treatments.CONCLUSION: Although TCM has an advantage in treating OAS and fewer adverse events, the efficacy of TCM and modern medicine on OAS is unsatisfactory.展开更多
Thermally responsive liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) hold great promise in applications of soft robots and actuators because of the induced size and shape change with temperature. Experiments have successfully demons...Thermally responsive liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) hold great promise in applications of soft robots and actuators because of the induced size and shape change with temperature. Experiments have successfully demonstrated that the LCE based bimorphs can be effective soft robots once integrated with soft sensors and thermal actuators. Here, we present an analytical transient thermo-mechanical model for a bimorph structure based soft robot, which consists of a strip of LCE and a thermal inert polymer actuated by an ultra-thin stretchable open-mesh shaped heater to mimic the unique locomotion behaviors of an inchworm. The coupled mechanical and thermal analysis based on the thermo-mechanical theory is carried out to underpin the transient bending behavior, and a systematic understanding is therefore achieved. The key analytical results reveal that the thickness and the modulus ratio of the LCE and the inert polymer layer dominate the transient bending deformation. The analytical results will not only render fundamental understanding of the actuation of bimorph structures, but also facilitate the rational design of soft robotics.展开更多
Commercially pure(CP)titanium is thermally processed and subjected to biaxial stress.However,the evolution of the microstructural deformation mechanisms under such circumstances is not adequately understood.In this st...Commercially pure(CP)titanium is thermally processed and subjected to biaxial stress.However,the evolution of the microstructural deformation mechanisms under such circumstances is not adequately understood.In this study,the mechanical responses and microstructural deformation mechanisms of TA2 CP titanium sheets under equi-biaxial loading at room temperature(RT),300℃,and 400℃were studied.The activated slip and twinning systems were investigated by transmission electron microscopy(TEM)after polished cruciform specimens were biaxially tensile-tested at RT and elevated temperatures.The results show that{11¯22}contraction twinning and{10¯12}extension twinning are the main deforma-tion mechanisms of RT biaxial deformation,while dislocation glide is predominant in biaxial deformation at 300℃and 400℃.This difference yields varied work-hardening behaviors at RT and elevated tem-peratures.In biaxial deformation at 400℃,the main slip trace type is multiple slip.The interaction of different slip systems in multiple slip created shear deformation concentration areas and further induced cross-slip.However,in biaxial deformation at 300℃,the amounts of simplex and multiple slip were significantly reduced compared to those at 400℃because the lower temperature increased the critical resolved shear stress and insufficient activated slip systems were available for grain deformation.There-fore,several stress-concentration areas were generated with the activation of cross-slip.展开更多
BACKGROUND： During formation of prolactin neoplasia, how cells and its structure in adenohypophysis affect prolactin cells should be further studied. Intermediate lobe can be regarded as a driving region to release p...BACKGROUND： During formation of prolactin neoplasia, how cells and its structure in adenohypophysis affect prolactin cells should be further studied. Intermediate lobe can be regarded as a driving region to release prolactin （PRL） and may promote formation of prolactin neoplasia in pituitary anterior lobe. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of diethylstilbestrol （DES） on the expressions of μ and m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe of female Wistar rats. DESIGN： Observational contrast animal study. SETTING： Beijing Neurosurgical Institute. MATERIALS： A total of 21 female Wistar rats, 3 weeks old weighing 70-80 g were housed with free access to tap water and standard pellet food. They were kept in a CL-grade condition, at （24±1）℃ and a humidity of （55±5）%, and with a 12 hours day-night cycle. Caprine anti-μ- and m-calpains antibodies were provided by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA; rabbit-anti-PRL antibodies by Dako, Denmark; rabbit-anti-ACTH antibody by Boster Company, Wuhan. METHODS： The experiment was carried out in Pathophysiological Department and Animal Laboratory, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute from August 2006 to January 2007. ① Rats were randomly divided into groups with 7 in each group, including vehicle control group, in which rats were injected intraperitoneally with sun-flower seed oil （1 mL/kg, twice a week） for 16 weeks; DES group, where animals were administered with DES （5 mg/kg, twice a week） for 16 weeks; DES ＋ vehicle control group, in which DES was administered for 12 weeks at the same dose with those in DES group, and then was discontinued and replaced by sun-flower seed oil （1 mL/kg, twice a week） for the following 4 weeks. ② At 16 weeks later, pituitary tissue was dealt with HE staining and PRL immunohistochemical examination to observe evoke of tumor; meanwhile, immunohistochemical examination was used to observe expression of PRL of pituitary anterior lobe, expressions of μ- and m-calpains of pituitary intermediate lobe and distribution of adrenocorticotropin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ① Expression of PRL of pituitary anterior lobe, expressions of μ- and m-calpains of pituitary intermediate lobe and distribution of adrenocorticotropin. ② Morphological observation of pituitary tissue. RESULTS： All 21 rats were involved in the final analysis. ① Results of immunohistochemical examination： Morphological changes of neoplasia in DES group were strongly positive to PRL, and this suggested that formation of prolactin adenoma was observed in pituitary tissue. As compared with vehicle control group, expression of adrenoeorticotropic hormone （ACTH） was increased in both DES group and DES ＋ vehicle control group. In addition, expressions of μ- and m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe were higher in DES group than that in vehicle control group. Otherwise, expressions of m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe was decreased in DES ＋ vehicle control group, but expression of μ-calpains was still increased. ② Morphological observation of pituitary tissue： Gland tubes were orderly arranged in rats in vehicle control group. Anterior pituitary gland in rats of DES group demonstrated an apparent disappearance of gland tubes and a relatively large-scaled vasculature formation, namely the vascular lake lined by tightly arranged endothelial cells. Local integrated tumor cell arrangements were also detected. In addition, the border between the IL and the anterior lobe was locally blurred. The definite tumor-like changes in pituitary tissueswere confirmed in 6 of 7 female Wistar rats in DES group, and one spontaneous occurrence of tumor formation was found in vehicle control group. In DES ＋ vehicle control group, DES withdrawal led to the subtile emergence of gland tube cavity, although tumor-like cells still existed in 4 of 7 rats, suggesting occurrence of the tumor regression due to the withdrawal of DES. CONCLUSION： A long-term application of DES can enhance the expressions of ubiquitours neutral cysteine protease in pituitary intermediate lobe and this suggests that both of them play a key role in release of hormone and formation of prolactin neoplasia through directly promoting PRL expression and release of neighboring pituitary intermediate lobe.展开更多
Background:Controlling Nutritional Status(CONUT)score was used for screening the preoperative nutritional status.The correlation between the CONUT score and the prognosis of patients with prostate cancer(PCa)has yet t...Background:Controlling Nutritional Status(CONUT)score was used for screening the preoperative nutritional status.The correlation between the CONUT score and the prognosis of patients with prostate cancer(PCa)has yet to be elucidated.Herein,we analyzed the prognostic value of CONUT scores in patients with PCa who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.Materials and methods:Data of 244 patients were retrospectively evaluated.Perioperative variables and follow-up data were analyzed.The patients were categorized into 2 groups according to their preoperative CONUT scores.Postoperative complication and incontinence rates were also compared.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the median biochemical recurrence-free survival(BCRFS)between the 2 groups.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify the potential prognostic factors for BCRFS.Results:Patients were categorized into the low-CONUT group(CONUT score<3,n=207)and high-CONUT group(CONUT score≥3,n=37).The high-CONUT group had a higher overall complication rate(40.5%vs.19.3%,p=0.004),a higher major complication rate(10.8%vs.3.9%,p=0.013),and longer postoperative length of stay(8 days vs.7 days,p=0.017).More fever,urinary infection,abdominal infection,scrotal edema,rash,and hemorrhagic events(all p values<0.05)were observed in the high-CONUT group.A higher rate of urinary incontinence was observed in the high-CONUT group at 1(34.4%vs.13.2%,p=0.030)and 3 months(24.1%vs.8.2%,p=0.023)postoperatively.The high-CONUT group had shorter medium BCRFS(23.8 months vs.54.6 months,p=0.029),and a CONUT score≥3 was an independent risk factor for a shorter BCRFS(hazards ratio,1.842;p=0.026).Conclusions:The CONUT score is a useful predictive tool for higher postoperative complication rates and shorter BCRFS in patients with PCa who undergo laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to explore the different effects between biomimetic mineralized collagen(MC)and ordinary physically blended hydroxyapatite/collagen(HA/Col)composite in evaluating new bone formation and r...The purpose of this study was to explore the different effects between biomimetic mineralized collagen(MC)and ordinary physically blended hydroxyapatite/collagen(HA/Col)composite in evaluating new bone formation and regenerated bone height in human extraction sockets.Thirty-four patients who cannot retain teeth caused by trauma or decay were randomly selected from Department of Stomatology of Dongzhimen Hospital from December 2013 to December 2014.The patients were randomly divided into two groups.After the operation of tooth extraction,17 patients were implanted with biomimetic MC(MC group),and other 17 patients were implanted with ordinary physically blended nHA/Col composite(nHA/Col group).X-ray positioning projection by auto-photographing was taken to test the distance between the lowest position and the neighboring CEJm-CEJd immediately,1 month and 3 months after the operation.The height of new bone formation of the MC group was significantly higher than the nHA/Col group.Biomimetic MC showed better clinical outcomes in the bone formation for extraction site preservation and would have broad application prospect in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgeries.展开更多
Background:Colorectal carcinogenesis and progression are related to the gut microbiota and the tumor immune microenvironment.Our previous clinical trial demonstrated that berberine(BBR)hydrochloride might reduce the r...Background:Colorectal carcinogenesis and progression are related to the gut microbiota and the tumor immune microenvironment.Our previous clinical trial demonstrated that berberine(BBR)hydrochloride might reduce the recurrence and canceration of colorectal adenoma(CRA).The present study aimed to further explore the mechanism of BBR in preventing colorectal cancer(CRC).Methods:We performed metagenomics sequencing on fecal specimens obtained from the BBR intervention trial,and the differential bacteria before and after medication were validated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.We further performed Apc Min/+animal intervention tests,RNA sequencing,flow cytometry,immunohistochemistry,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Results:The abundance of fecal Veillonella parvula(V.parvula)decreased significantly after BBR administration(P=0.0016)and increased through the development from CRA to CRC.Patients with CRC with a higher V.parvula abundance had worse tumor staging and a higher lymph node metastasis rate.The intestinal immune pathway of Immunoglobulin A production was activated,and the expression of TNFSF13B(Tumor necrosis factor superfamily 13b,encoding B lymphocyte stimulator[BLyS]),the representative gene of this pathway,and the genes encoding its receptors(interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor beta)were significantly upregulated.Animal experiments revealed that V.parvula promoted colorectal carcinogenesis and increased BLyS levels,while BBR reversed this effect.Conclusion:BBR might inhibit V.parvula and further weaken the immunomodulatory effect of B cells induced by V.parvula,thereby blocking the development of colorectal tumors.Trial Registraion:ClinicalTrials.gov,No.NCT02226185.展开更多
Different laminated structures of TiO_(2)/SiO_(2) composite film were prepared via atomic layer deposition(ALD)on alumina substrates.The effect of the annealing temperature in the air on the surface morphologies,cryst...Different laminated structures of TiO_(2)/SiO_(2) composite film were prepared via atomic layer deposition(ALD)on alumina substrates.The effect of the annealing temperature in the air on the surface morphologies,crystal structures,binding energies,and ingredient content of these films was investigated using X-ray diffraction,field emission scanning electron microscopy,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Results showed that the binding energy of Ti and Si increased with decrease of the Ti content,and the TiO_(2)/SiO_(2) nanolaminated films exhibited a complex bonding structure.As the annealing temperature increased,the thickness of the nanolaminated films decreased,and the density and surface roughness increased.An increase in the crystallization temperature was proportional to the SiO_(2) content in TiO_(2)/SiO_(2) composite film.The annealing temperature and thin thickness strongly affected the phase structure of the ALD TiO_(2) thin film.To be specific,the TiO_(2) thin film transformed into an anatase phase from an amorphous phase after an increase in the annealing temperature from 400℃ to 550℃,and the TiO_(2) film exhibited an anatase phase until the annealing temperature reached 850℃,owing to its extremely small thickness.The annealing process caused the Al ions in the substrate to diffuse into the films and bond with 0.展开更多
Background： The patients with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy （EOEE） suffer from neurodevelopmental delay. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical manifestations and amplitude-integrated encephalogr...Background： The patients with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy （EOEE） suffer from neurodevelopmental delay. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical manifestations and amplitude-integrated encephalogram （aEEG） characteristics of infants with EOEE with onset within the neonatal period, to make early diagnosis to improve the prognosis. Methods： One-hundred and twenty-eight patients with neonatal seizure were enrolled and followed up till 1 year old. Sixty-six neonates evolved into EOEE were as the EOEE group, the other 62 were as the non-EOEE （nEOEE） group. Then we compared the clinical and aEEG characteristics between the two groups to analyze the manifestations in neonates with EOEE. Results： Compared to the nEOEE group, the incidence of daily seizure attacks, more than two types of convulsions, more than two antiepileptic drugs （AEDs） application, severely abnormal aEEG background, absence of cyclicity, and more than two seizures detection were significantly higher in the EOEE group （P 〈 0.05） （97% vs. 54.8%; 30.3% vs. 14.5%; 97.0% vs. 25.4%; 39.4% vs. 3.2%; 57.6% vs. 9.7%; and 56% vs. 3.2%, respectively）. Severely abnormal background pattern （odds ratio [OR] = 0.081, 95% confidence interval [CI]：0.009-0.729, P = 0.025） and more than two seizures detection by aEEG （OR = 0.158, 95% CI： 0.043-0.576, P = 0.005） were the independent risk factors for the evolvement into EOEE. The upper and lower margins of active sleep （AS） and quiet sleep （QS） were significantly higher in EOEE group than those of the control group （P 〈 0.05） （34.3 ± 13.6 vs. 21.3 ± 6.4; 9.9 ± 3.7 vs. 6.7 ± 2.2; 41.2 ± 15.1 vs. 30.4 ± 11.4;and 11.9 ± 4.4 vs. 9.4 ± 4.0; unit： μV, respectively）. AS upper margin was demonstrated a higher diagnostic specificity and sensitivity for EOEE than another three parameters according to the receiver operating characteristic curves; the area under the curve was 0.827. Conclusions： The clinical characteristics of the neonatal seizure which will evolve into EOEE were more than two AEDs application, high seizure frequency （daily attack）, and more than two types of the seizure. Significant high voltage, severely abnormal background, absence of cyclicity, and more than two seizures detected on aEEG were the meaningful indicators to the prediction of EOEE.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China(32001622)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Research Foundation(2021A1515011060)+1 种基金the Fundamental and Applied Basic Research Fund for Young Scholars of Guangdong Province(2019A1515110823)the Guangdong Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Lingnan Specialty Foods(2021B1212040013).
文摘An isotope dilution ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method was developed to simultaneously detect two typical kinds ofα,β-unsaturated aldehydes,namely 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal(4-HHE)and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal(4-HNE),in foods.The proposed method exhibited a linear range of 10-1000 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 0.1-2.0 ng/g and a limit of quantification of 0.3-5.0 ng/g.The recovery rates of these typical toxic aldehydes(i.e.,4-HHE,4-HNE)and their d3-labeled analogues were 91.54%-105.12%with a low matrix effect.Furthermore,this proposed method was successfully applied to a real frying system and a simulated digestion system,wherein the contents of 4-HHE and 4-HNE were determined for both.Overall,the obtained results provide strong support for further research into the production of 4-HHE and 4-HNE resulting from foods during oil digestion and frying.
基金the financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC0808800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51875398 and 51471116)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2019ZDZX0001).
文摘Magnesium alloys are frequently subjected to biaxial stress during manufacturing process,however,the work hardening behavior under such circumstance are not well understood.In this study,the deformation mechanisms and differential work hardening behavior of rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets under biaxial loading are investigated.The change of plastic work contours with increasing plastic strain indicates the differential work hardening behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy under biaxial stress state,resulting in higher macroscopic work hardening rates of biaxial loading than uniaxial loading,with the elastic-plastic transition part of work hardening extended and stage Ⅲ hardly emerged.Electron backscatter diffraction and Schmid factor analysis confirm the low activation of non-basalslip during biaxial loading tests.While the thickness strain is primarily accommodated by pyramidal<c+a>slip at the initial stage of biaxial deformation,{10–11}contraction twinning is activated at larger plastic strain.The low activation of non-basalslip also retards the dynamic recovery and cross-slip of basal and prismaticslips,leading to the differential work hardening behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy under biaxial stress state.
基金Beijing Technology Development Foundation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 2003Ⅲ-21Beijing Key Program of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 2004 Ⅳ -14+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing, No.7062022the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30640069
文摘BACKGROUND： It demonstrates that erhuangfang can improve clinical symptoms of multiple sclerosis and relieve side effects of hormone. However, whether erhuangfang can improve experimental allergic encephalomyelitis （EAE） or not needs a further study. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of erhuangfang on neuro-pathology and astrocyte in EAE rats and compare with the effect of hormone. DESIGN： Randomized controlled animal study. SETTINGS： Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University. MATERIALS： The experiment was carded out in the Laboratory Center of Capital Medical University from August to October 2005. Ten adult guinea pigs （SPF grade, weighing 400 - 450 g） and 70 adult Lewis rats （SPF grade, weighing 200- 220 g） were selected in this study. Erhuangfang consisted of fiudahuang, shengdi, shuizhi, dabeimu, etc. METHODS： ①Experimental intervention： Rats were randomly divided into normal group （n=10）, model group （n=20）, western medicine group （n=20） and Chinese herb group （n=20）. Mixed emulsion, which was consisted of Freund＇s adjuvant and spinal cord homogenate of guinea pigs, was subcutaneously injected into palms of the two hindfeet of rats in the latter three groups to establish EAE models. Foot pads were injected with saline and then rats were perfused with saline in the normal group.in the model group, models were established as the same as those mentioned above, and rats were also perfused with saline. Rats in the western medicine group were perfused with saline and then 5 mg/kg prednisone acetate suspension. Rats in the Chinese herb group were perfused with erhuangfang decoction （15 g raw materials per kilogram） at 5 days before model establishment. The dosage in the four groups was 3 mL/day per rat. ②Experimental evaluation： At 28 days after model establishment, rats were randomly selected for cerebral （mainly surrounding cerebral ventricle） and spinal cord （cervical enlargement and lumbar enlargement） collections, and then haematine-eosin （HE） staining and SLG myelin staining were used to observe demyelination and regeneration; meanwhile, immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the expression of glial fibriliary acidic protein （GFAP）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Cerebral and spinal demyelination and regeneration as well as expression of GFAP in EAE rats. RESULTS： All 70 Lewis rats were involved in the final analysis. ①Demyelination and regeneration： Infiltration of inflammatory cells surrounding cerebrum and small venous vessels of spinal cord white matter, demyelination surrounding vessels and plentiful foam cells at myelinolysis sites were observed in the model group. Symptoms were relieved in the western medicine group and the Chinese herb group as compared with those in the model group. While, numbers of inflammatory infiltrated cells and vascular cuffs were decreased in focal region as compared with those in the model group; in addition, areas of softening focus and demyelination were decreased. ②Expression of GFAP： Volumes and numbers of positive cells of GFAP in white matter region were respectively bigger and higher than those of normal cells in the model group. Plentiful positive cells of GFAP were disorderly aggregated in hippocampus and surrounding small vessel cuffs. While, expression of GFAP was mildly increased surrounding focus in the Chinese herb group; however, GFAP did not express surrounding focus in the western medicine group. In addition, expressions of GFAP were not increased in non-focal region in both Chinese herb group and western medicine group. CONCLUSION： Both erhuangfang and hormone can relieve inflammatory reaction of central nervoussystem and demyelination of EAE rats. On one hand, erhuangfang can regulate reaction of astrocyte in two ways, relieve reaction and proliferation of astrocyte in non-focal region and maintain the protective effect of astrocyte on brain tissue in focal region; on the other hand, hormone can overall inhibit reaction of astrocyte.
文摘The completely selective oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde with dioxygen,without the need touse H_(2)O_(2),halogens,or any radical initiators,is a reaction long desired but never previously successful.Here,we demonstrate the enzyme‐like mechanism of the reaction over hexadecylphosphateacid(HDPA)‐bonded nano‐oxides,which appear to interact with toluene through specific recognition.The active sites of the catalyst are related to the ability of HDPA to change its bonding to theoxides between monodentate and bidentate during the reaction cycle.This greatly enhances themobility of the crystal oxygen or the reactivity of the catalyst,specifically in toluene transformations.The catalytic cycle of the catalyst is similar to that of methane monooxygenase.In thepresence of catalyst and through O_(2)oxidation,the conversion of toluene to benzaldehyde is initiatedat 70°C.We envision that this novel mechanism reveals alternatives for an attractive route to designhigh‐performance catalysts with bioinspired structures.
基金Supported by the project of famous old Traditional Chinese Medicine expert heritage studio in Zhejiang(No.GZS2012030)The project of science and technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang(No.2009CB071)+1 种基金Science and technology project of Ningbo(No.2010C91040)Natural Science Fund Project of Ningbo(No.2013A610273)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To summarize the treatment of oligoasthenospermatism(OAS) with Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).METHODS: The literature describing OAS treatment with TCM in the past 4 years was searched.Three studies were reviewed, evaluated, and summarized. The etiology and pathogenesis, pattern differentiation, medicine administration, and combination of TCM with Western Medicine were all examined.RESULTS: TCM had an advantage in treating OAS and had fewer adverse events than conventional treatments.CONCLUSION: Although TCM has an advantage in treating OAS and fewer adverse events, the efficacy of TCM and modern medicine on OAS is unsatisfactory.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program(No.2015CB351901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11372272,11622221,11621062,11502009,and 11772030)+2 种基金the Doctoral New Investigator Grant from American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund of the National Science Foundation(Nos.1509763 and 1554499)the Opening Fund of State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures,Xi’an Jiaotong University(No.SV2018-KF-13)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2017XZZX002-11)
文摘Thermally responsive liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) hold great promise in applications of soft robots and actuators because of the induced size and shape change with temperature. Experiments have successfully demonstrated that the LCE based bimorphs can be effective soft robots once integrated with soft sensors and thermal actuators. Here, we present an analytical transient thermo-mechanical model for a bimorph structure based soft robot, which consists of a strip of LCE and a thermal inert polymer actuated by an ultra-thin stretchable open-mesh shaped heater to mimic the unique locomotion behaviors of an inchworm. The coupled mechanical and thermal analysis based on the thermo-mechanical theory is carried out to underpin the transient bending behavior, and a systematic understanding is therefore achieved. The key analytical results reveal that the thickness and the modulus ratio of the LCE and the inert polymer layer dominate the transient bending deformation. The analytical results will not only render fundamental understanding of the actuation of bimorph structures, but also facilitate the rational design of soft robotics.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFA0405901),National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51875398),the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2019ZDZX0001)the Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory,Nuclear Power Institute of China.In addition,we would like to thank Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University,Ningbo.
文摘Commercially pure(CP)titanium is thermally processed and subjected to biaxial stress.However,the evolution of the microstructural deformation mechanisms under such circumstances is not adequately understood.In this study,the mechanical responses and microstructural deformation mechanisms of TA2 CP titanium sheets under equi-biaxial loading at room temperature(RT),300℃,and 400℃were studied.The activated slip and twinning systems were investigated by transmission electron microscopy(TEM)after polished cruciform specimens were biaxially tensile-tested at RT and elevated temperatures.The results show that{11¯22}contraction twinning and{10¯12}extension twinning are the main deforma-tion mechanisms of RT biaxial deformation,while dislocation glide is predominant in biaxial deformation at 300℃and 400℃.This difference yields varied work-hardening behaviors at RT and elevated tem-peratures.In biaxial deformation at 400℃,the main slip trace type is multiple slip.The interaction of different slip systems in multiple slip created shear deformation concentration areas and further induced cross-slip.However,in biaxial deformation at 300℃,the amounts of simplex and multiple slip were significantly reduced compared to those at 400℃because the lower temperature increased the critical resolved shear stress and insufficient activated slip systems were available for grain deformation.There-fore,several stress-concentration areas were generated with the activation of cross-slip.
文摘BACKGROUND： During formation of prolactin neoplasia, how cells and its structure in adenohypophysis affect prolactin cells should be further studied. Intermediate lobe can be regarded as a driving region to release prolactin （PRL） and may promote formation of prolactin neoplasia in pituitary anterior lobe. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of diethylstilbestrol （DES） on the expressions of μ and m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe of female Wistar rats. DESIGN： Observational contrast animal study. SETTING： Beijing Neurosurgical Institute. MATERIALS： A total of 21 female Wistar rats, 3 weeks old weighing 70-80 g were housed with free access to tap water and standard pellet food. They were kept in a CL-grade condition, at （24±1）℃ and a humidity of （55±5）%, and with a 12 hours day-night cycle. Caprine anti-μ- and m-calpains antibodies were provided by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA; rabbit-anti-PRL antibodies by Dako, Denmark; rabbit-anti-ACTH antibody by Boster Company, Wuhan. METHODS： The experiment was carried out in Pathophysiological Department and Animal Laboratory, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute from August 2006 to January 2007. ① Rats were randomly divided into groups with 7 in each group, including vehicle control group, in which rats were injected intraperitoneally with sun-flower seed oil （1 mL/kg, twice a week） for 16 weeks; DES group, where animals were administered with DES （5 mg/kg, twice a week） for 16 weeks; DES ＋ vehicle control group, in which DES was administered for 12 weeks at the same dose with those in DES group, and then was discontinued and replaced by sun-flower seed oil （1 mL/kg, twice a week） for the following 4 weeks. ② At 16 weeks later, pituitary tissue was dealt with HE staining and PRL immunohistochemical examination to observe evoke of tumor; meanwhile, immunohistochemical examination was used to observe expression of PRL of pituitary anterior lobe, expressions of μ- and m-calpains of pituitary intermediate lobe and distribution of adrenocorticotropin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ① Expression of PRL of pituitary anterior lobe, expressions of μ- and m-calpains of pituitary intermediate lobe and distribution of adrenocorticotropin. ② Morphological observation of pituitary tissue. RESULTS： All 21 rats were involved in the final analysis. ① Results of immunohistochemical examination： Morphological changes of neoplasia in DES group were strongly positive to PRL, and this suggested that formation of prolactin adenoma was observed in pituitary tissue. As compared with vehicle control group, expression of adrenoeorticotropic hormone （ACTH） was increased in both DES group and DES ＋ vehicle control group. In addition, expressions of μ- and m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe were higher in DES group than that in vehicle control group. Otherwise, expressions of m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe was decreased in DES ＋ vehicle control group, but expression of μ-calpains was still increased. ② Morphological observation of pituitary tissue： Gland tubes were orderly arranged in rats in vehicle control group. Anterior pituitary gland in rats of DES group demonstrated an apparent disappearance of gland tubes and a relatively large-scaled vasculature formation, namely the vascular lake lined by tightly arranged endothelial cells. Local integrated tumor cell arrangements were also detected. In addition, the border between the IL and the anterior lobe was locally blurred. The definite tumor-like changes in pituitary tissueswere confirmed in 6 of 7 female Wistar rats in DES group, and one spontaneous occurrence of tumor formation was found in vehicle control group. In DES ＋ vehicle control group, DES withdrawal led to the subtile emergence of gland tube cavity, although tumor-like cells still existed in 4 of 7 rats, suggesting occurrence of the tumor regression due to the withdrawal of DES. CONCLUSION： A long-term application of DES can enhance the expressions of ubiquitours neutral cysteine protease in pituitary intermediate lobe and this suggests that both of them play a key role in release of hormone and formation of prolactin neoplasia through directly promoting PRL expression and release of neighboring pituitary intermediate lobe.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 82170783).
文摘Background:Controlling Nutritional Status(CONUT)score was used for screening the preoperative nutritional status.The correlation between the CONUT score and the prognosis of patients with prostate cancer(PCa)has yet to be elucidated.Herein,we analyzed the prognostic value of CONUT scores in patients with PCa who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.Materials and methods:Data of 244 patients were retrospectively evaluated.Perioperative variables and follow-up data were analyzed.The patients were categorized into 2 groups according to their preoperative CONUT scores.Postoperative complication and incontinence rates were also compared.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the median biochemical recurrence-free survival(BCRFS)between the 2 groups.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify the potential prognostic factors for BCRFS.Results:Patients were categorized into the low-CONUT group(CONUT score<3,n=207)and high-CONUT group(CONUT score≥3,n=37).The high-CONUT group had a higher overall complication rate(40.5%vs.19.3%,p=0.004),a higher major complication rate(10.8%vs.3.9%,p=0.013),and longer postoperative length of stay(8 days vs.7 days,p=0.017).More fever,urinary infection,abdominal infection,scrotal edema,rash,and hemorrhagic events(all p values<0.05)were observed in the high-CONUT group.A higher rate of urinary incontinence was observed in the high-CONUT group at 1(34.4%vs.13.2%,p=0.030)and 3 months(24.1%vs.8.2%,p=0.023)postoperatively.The high-CONUT group had shorter medium BCRFS(23.8 months vs.54.6 months,p=0.029),and a CONUT score≥3 was an independent risk factor for a shorter BCRFS(hazards ratio,1.842;p=0.026).Conclusions:The CONUT score is a useful predictive tool for higher postoperative complication rates and shorter BCRFS in patients with PCa who undergo laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2011CB606205)the‘Twelfth Five-Year’National Science and Technology Support Program(2012BAI17B02)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21371106 and 51402167).
文摘The purpose of this study was to explore the different effects between biomimetic mineralized collagen(MC)and ordinary physically blended hydroxyapatite/collagen(HA/Col)composite in evaluating new bone formation and regenerated bone height in human extraction sockets.Thirty-four patients who cannot retain teeth caused by trauma or decay were randomly selected from Department of Stomatology of Dongzhimen Hospital from December 2013 to December 2014.The patients were randomly divided into two groups.After the operation of tooth extraction,17 patients were implanted with biomimetic MC(MC group),and other 17 patients were implanted with ordinary physically blended nHA/Col composite(nHA/Col group).X-ray positioning projection by auto-photographing was taken to test the distance between the lowest position and the neighboring CEJm-CEJd immediately,1 month and 3 months after the operation.The height of new bone formation of the MC group was significantly higher than the nHA/Col group.Biomimetic MC showed better clinical outcomes in the bone formation for extraction site preservation and would have broad application prospect in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgeries.
基金supported by the grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFA0509200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82002622,81830081,31970718,and 81972203)+1 种基金the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission,Collaborative Innovation Cluster Project(No.2019CXJQ02)the Youth Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(No.20194Y0096)
文摘Background:Colorectal carcinogenesis and progression are related to the gut microbiota and the tumor immune microenvironment.Our previous clinical trial demonstrated that berberine(BBR)hydrochloride might reduce the recurrence and canceration of colorectal adenoma(CRA).The present study aimed to further explore the mechanism of BBR in preventing colorectal cancer(CRC).Methods:We performed metagenomics sequencing on fecal specimens obtained from the BBR intervention trial,and the differential bacteria before and after medication were validated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.We further performed Apc Min/+animal intervention tests,RNA sequencing,flow cytometry,immunohistochemistry,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Results:The abundance of fecal Veillonella parvula(V.parvula)decreased significantly after BBR administration(P=0.0016)and increased through the development from CRA to CRC.Patients with CRC with a higher V.parvula abundance had worse tumor staging and a higher lymph node metastasis rate.The intestinal immune pathway of Immunoglobulin A production was activated,and the expression of TNFSF13B(Tumor necrosis factor superfamily 13b,encoding B lymphocyte stimulator[BLyS]),the representative gene of this pathway,and the genes encoding its receptors(interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor beta)were significantly upregulated.Animal experiments revealed that V.parvula promoted colorectal carcinogenesis and increased BLyS levels,while BBR reversed this effect.Conclusion:BBR might inhibit V.parvula and further weaken the immunomodulatory effect of B cells induced by V.parvula,thereby blocking the development of colorectal tumors.Trial Registraion:ClinicalTrials.gov,No.NCT02226185.
基金supported by the National Special Support Program for Young Top-notch TalentNational Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61975215)+2 种基金Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai Young Top-notch Talent ProgramStrategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB16030400)。
文摘Different laminated structures of TiO_(2)/SiO_(2) composite film were prepared via atomic layer deposition(ALD)on alumina substrates.The effect of the annealing temperature in the air on the surface morphologies,crystal structures,binding energies,and ingredient content of these films was investigated using X-ray diffraction,field emission scanning electron microscopy,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Results showed that the binding energy of Ti and Si increased with decrease of the Ti content,and the TiO_(2)/SiO_(2) nanolaminated films exhibited a complex bonding structure.As the annealing temperature increased,the thickness of the nanolaminated films decreased,and the density and surface roughness increased.An increase in the crystallization temperature was proportional to the SiO_(2) content in TiO_(2)/SiO_(2) composite film.The annealing temperature and thin thickness strongly affected the phase structure of the ALD TiO_(2) thin film.To be specific,the TiO_(2) thin film transformed into an anatase phase from an amorphous phase after an increase in the annealing temperature from 400℃ to 550℃,and the TiO_(2) film exhibited an anatase phase until the annealing temperature reached 850℃,owing to its extremely small thickness.The annealing process caused the Al ions in the substrate to diffuse into the films and bond with 0.
文摘Background： The patients with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy （EOEE） suffer from neurodevelopmental delay. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical manifestations and amplitude-integrated encephalogram （aEEG） characteristics of infants with EOEE with onset within the neonatal period, to make early diagnosis to improve the prognosis. Methods： One-hundred and twenty-eight patients with neonatal seizure were enrolled and followed up till 1 year old. Sixty-six neonates evolved into EOEE were as the EOEE group, the other 62 were as the non-EOEE （nEOEE） group. Then we compared the clinical and aEEG characteristics between the two groups to analyze the manifestations in neonates with EOEE. Results： Compared to the nEOEE group, the incidence of daily seizure attacks, more than two types of convulsions, more than two antiepileptic drugs （AEDs） application, severely abnormal aEEG background, absence of cyclicity, and more than two seizures detection were significantly higher in the EOEE group （P 〈 0.05） （97% vs. 54.8%; 30.3% vs. 14.5%; 97.0% vs. 25.4%; 39.4% vs. 3.2%; 57.6% vs. 9.7%; and 56% vs. 3.2%, respectively）. Severely abnormal background pattern （odds ratio [OR] = 0.081, 95% confidence interval [CI]：0.009-0.729, P = 0.025） and more than two seizures detection by aEEG （OR = 0.158, 95% CI： 0.043-0.576, P = 0.005） were the independent risk factors for the evolvement into EOEE. The upper and lower margins of active sleep （AS） and quiet sleep （QS） were significantly higher in EOEE group than those of the control group （P 〈 0.05） （34.3 ± 13.6 vs. 21.3 ± 6.4; 9.9 ± 3.7 vs. 6.7 ± 2.2; 41.2 ± 15.1 vs. 30.4 ± 11.4;and 11.9 ± 4.4 vs. 9.4 ± 4.0; unit： μV, respectively）. AS upper margin was demonstrated a higher diagnostic specificity and sensitivity for EOEE than another three parameters according to the receiver operating characteristic curves; the area under the curve was 0.827. Conclusions： The clinical characteristics of the neonatal seizure which will evolve into EOEE were more than two AEDs application, high seizure frequency （daily attack）, and more than two types of the seizure. Significant high voltage, severely abnormal background, absence of cyclicity, and more than two seizures detected on aEEG were the meaningful indicators to the prediction of EOEE.
