Excessive inter-contamination with heavy metals hampers the application of biological treatment products derived from mixed or mechanically-sorted municipal solid waste（MSW）. In this study, we investigated fine part...Excessive inter-contamination with heavy metals hampers the application of biological treatment products derived from mixed or mechanically-sorted municipal solid waste（MSW）. In this study, we investigated fine particles of 〈 2 mm, which are small fractions in MSW but constitute a significant component of the total heavy metal content, using bulk detection techniques. A total of 17 individual fine particles were evaluated using synchrotron radiation-based micro-X-ray fluorescence and micro-X-ray diffraction. We also discussed the association, speciation and source apportionment of heavy metals. Metals were found to exist in a diffuse distribution with heterogeneous intensities and intense hot-spots of 〈 10 μm within the fine particles. Zn–Cu, Pb–Fe and Fe–Mn–Cr had significant correlations in terms of spatial distribution. The overlapped enrichment, spatial association, and the mineral phases of metals revealed the potential sources of fine particles from size-reduced waste fractions（such as scraps of organic wastes or ceramics） or from the importation of other particles. The diverse sources of heavy metal pollutants within the fine particles suggested that separate collection and treatment of the biodegradable waste fraction（such as food waste） is a preferable means of facilitating the beneficial utilization of the stabilized products.展开更多
It has been evidenced that chlorinated polyfluor-oalkyl ether sulfonic acids(Cl-PFESAs)have strong potential cross the placental barrier,but their adverse effects on offspring remain unclear.In this study,pregnant mic...It has been evidenced that chlorinated polyfluor-oalkyl ether sulfonic acids(Cl-PFESAs)have strong potential cross the placental barrier,but their adverse effects on offspring remain unclear.In this study,pregnant mice received daily intraperitoneal injections of chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate(Cl-PFESA;commercially known as F-53B,primarily comprising 6:2 Cl-PFESA and 8:2 Cl-PFESA)at dosages of 40 and 200μg/kg from gestational days 6 to 17.Following gestational exposure,distinct accumulation of 6:2 and 8:2 Cl-PFESAs was observed in both the placenta and fetal brain,confirming their penetration across the placental and fetal blood-brain barriers.Maternal exposure to F-53B disrupted the placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2(hsd11b2)barrier,characterized by hypermethylation of its promoter,decreased blood sinusoids in labyrinth layer,and downregulation of the nutrient transport genes,thereby severely impairing the placenta’s protective and nutrient transfer functions.Concomitantly,significant fetal intrauterine growth restriction indicated by decreased fetal weight and crown-rump length was observed.Additionally,changes in thyroid hormones,along with transcriptional and DNA methylation alterations in the promoter regions of transthyretin(ttr)and deiodinase 3(dio3)genes,were noted in the placenta.These epigenetic changes might affect the maternal-fetal transport of thyroid hormones,possibly leading to disrupted thyroid function in the F1 generation.With the decreased nutrient transport capacity of the placenta,T4 levels in the fetus are significantly reduced,resulting in significant fetal neurodevelopmental abnormalities,reduced nerve cell proliferation(Ki67),and damage to synaptic plasticity.This study reveals unveil the hidden dangers of F-53B,highlighting its neurotoxic effects on fetal development through the disruption of thyroid hormone transport across the placenta.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2011CB201500)the National Social Science Fund of China (No. 12&ZD236)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21277096)
文摘Excessive inter-contamination with heavy metals hampers the application of biological treatment products derived from mixed or mechanically-sorted municipal solid waste（MSW）. In this study, we investigated fine particles of 〈 2 mm, which are small fractions in MSW but constitute a significant component of the total heavy metal content, using bulk detection techniques. A total of 17 individual fine particles were evaluated using synchrotron radiation-based micro-X-ray fluorescence and micro-X-ray diffraction. We also discussed the association, speciation and source apportionment of heavy metals. Metals were found to exist in a diffuse distribution with heterogeneous intensities and intense hot-spots of 〈 10 μm within the fine particles. Zn–Cu, Pb–Fe and Fe–Mn–Cr had significant correlations in terms of spatial distribution. The overlapped enrichment, spatial association, and the mineral phases of metals revealed the potential sources of fine particles from size-reduced waste fractions（such as scraps of organic wastes or ceramics） or from the importation of other particles. The diverse sources of heavy metal pollutants within the fine particles suggested that separate collection and treatment of the biodegradable waste fraction（such as food waste） is a preferable means of facilitating the beneficial utilization of the stabilized products.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 31971521,22111530176 and 42161134001,41991313)Ministry of Science and Technology(2022YFC3703202)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesNankai University,the 111 program of Ministry of Education,China(B2017002)Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2408085MC074).
文摘It has been evidenced that chlorinated polyfluor-oalkyl ether sulfonic acids(Cl-PFESAs)have strong potential cross the placental barrier,but their adverse effects on offspring remain unclear.In this study,pregnant mice received daily intraperitoneal injections of chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate(Cl-PFESA;commercially known as F-53B,primarily comprising 6:2 Cl-PFESA and 8:2 Cl-PFESA)at dosages of 40 and 200μg/kg from gestational days 6 to 17.Following gestational exposure,distinct accumulation of 6:2 and 8:2 Cl-PFESAs was observed in both the placenta and fetal brain,confirming their penetration across the placental and fetal blood-brain barriers.Maternal exposure to F-53B disrupted the placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2(hsd11b2)barrier,characterized by hypermethylation of its promoter,decreased blood sinusoids in labyrinth layer,and downregulation of the nutrient transport genes,thereby severely impairing the placenta’s protective and nutrient transfer functions.Concomitantly,significant fetal intrauterine growth restriction indicated by decreased fetal weight and crown-rump length was observed.Additionally,changes in thyroid hormones,along with transcriptional and DNA methylation alterations in the promoter regions of transthyretin(ttr)and deiodinase 3(dio3)genes,were noted in the placenta.These epigenetic changes might affect the maternal-fetal transport of thyroid hormones,possibly leading to disrupted thyroid function in the F1 generation.With the decreased nutrient transport capacity of the placenta,T4 levels in the fetus are significantly reduced,resulting in significant fetal neurodevelopmental abnormalities,reduced nerve cell proliferation(Ki67),and damage to synaptic plasticity.This study reveals unveil the hidden dangers of F-53B,highlighting its neurotoxic effects on fetal development through the disruption of thyroid hormone transport across the placenta.
