Objective Exposure to mixtures of environmental chemicals may influence asthma outcomes;however,the evidence remains equivocal.This study aimed to assess the association between mixed exposure to phenols and parabens ...Objective Exposure to mixtures of environmental chemicals may influence asthma outcomes;however,the evidence remains equivocal.This study aimed to assess the association between mixed exposure to phenols and parabens and asthma outcomes in adults and to explore the mediating role of body mass index(BMI).Methods Based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES,2013–2016),this study used multivariate generalized linear regression and weighted quantile sum(WQS)regression models to evaluate the associations between individual and joint exposure to phenols and parabens and asthma outcomes.These associations were further analyzed and stratified according to age and BMI.A mediation effect analysis was used to assess the role of BMI in this association.Results This study included 2,556 adults,of whom 400(15.7%)were diagnosed with asthma.After adjusting for all covariates,a significant positive correlation was observed between the chemical mixture and asthma,with an odds ratio of 1.33(95%confidence interval,1.06–1.68).Among the eight phenols and parabens,bisphenol F(BPF),propylparaben(PrP),and bisphenol S(BPS)were the major contributors.Additionally,BMI mediated 15.5%of the association between BPF exposure and asthma.Conclusion In this cross-sectional study,mixed exposure to phenols and parabens was significantly associated with asthma outcomes,with BPF,PrP,and BPS identified as the primary contributing chemicals.This study provides valuable insights into the association between mixed chemical exposure and asthma as well as potential control pathways.展开更多
Organophosphate esters（OPEs）, used as flame retardants and plasticizers, are widely present in environmental waters. Development of accurate determination methods for trace OPEs in water is urgent for understanding ...Organophosphate esters（OPEs）, used as flame retardants and plasticizers, are widely present in environmental waters. Development of accurate determination methods for trace OPEs in water is urgent for understanding the fate and risk of this class of emerging pollutants. However, the wide use of OPEs in experimental materials results in blank interference, which influences the accuracy of analytical results. In the present work, blank contamination and recovery of pretreatment procedures for analysis of OPEs in water samples were systematically examined for the first time. Blank contaminations were observed in filtration membranes, glass bottles, solid phase extraction cartridges, and nitrogen blowing instruments. These contaminations could be as high as 6.4–64 ng/L per treatment. Different kinds of membranes were compared in terms of contamination levels left after common glassware cleaning, and a special wash procedure was proposed to eliminate the contamination from membranes. Meanwhile, adsorption of highly hydrophobic OPEs on the inside wall of glass bottles was found to be 42.4%–86.1%, which was the primary cause of low recoveries and was significantly reduced by an additional washing step with acetonitrile. This work is expected to provide guidelines for the establishment of analysis methods for OPEs in aqueous samples.展开更多
Methotrexate （MTX） is a cytotoxic drug widely used in the treatment of tumors, autoimmune diseases and severe asthma, jen00883This drug has been frequently detected in the aquatic environment with concentrations up ...Methotrexate （MTX） is a cytotoxic drug widely used in the treatment of tumors, autoimmune diseases and severe asthma, jen00883This drug has been frequently detected in the aquatic environment with concentrations up to μg/L levels. The MTX present in environmental water might be transformed and removed during chlorination disinfection treatment. In this work, the fate of MTX during aqueous chlorination was investigated in laboratory batch experiments, and the transformation products of MTX were identified. Aqueous solutions of MTX （1 mg/L） were chlorinated by sodium hypochlorite solution at room temperature under neutral pH conditions. Chlorinated products were pre-concentrated with solid-phase extraction （SPE） cartridges and determined by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry （LC-ESI-MS/MS）. The reaction of MTX chlorination exhibited pseudo-first-order kinetics and the half-life time of MTX degradation was calculated to be 1.65 min, when the initial chlorine concentration was 2 mg/L. Two chlorinated MTX congeners, 4-amino-3-chlorinated-N10-methylpteroylglutamic （monochloro-MTX） and 4-amino-3,5-dichloro-N10-methylpteroylglutamic （dichloro-MTX） were found in the chlori- nated solution. Monochloro-MTX was successfully fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） and its structure was further identified using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） analysis. The presence of the two products in real hospital wastewater was then examined and both compounds were detected. Finally, the effects of MTX and monochloro-MTX on the cell cycle progression in vitro were evaluated using zebrafish liver cell line. It was found that both compounds could inhibit the proliferation of zebrafish liver cells through S phase arrest and their effects on the cell cycle profile had no significant difference.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22276017)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Nos.7232236 and 7244455).
文摘Objective Exposure to mixtures of environmental chemicals may influence asthma outcomes;however,the evidence remains equivocal.This study aimed to assess the association between mixed exposure to phenols and parabens and asthma outcomes in adults and to explore the mediating role of body mass index(BMI).Methods Based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES,2013–2016),this study used multivariate generalized linear regression and weighted quantile sum(WQS)regression models to evaluate the associations between individual and joint exposure to phenols and parabens and asthma outcomes.These associations were further analyzed and stratified according to age and BMI.A mediation effect analysis was used to assess the role of BMI in this association.Results This study included 2,556 adults,of whom 400(15.7%)were diagnosed with asthma.After adjusting for all covariates,a significant positive correlation was observed between the chemical mixture and asthma,with an odds ratio of 1.33(95%confidence interval,1.06–1.68).Among the eight phenols and parabens,bisphenol F(BPF),propylparaben(PrP),and bisphenol S(BPS)were the major contributors.Additionally,BMI mediated 15.5%of the association between BPF exposure and asthma.Conclusion In this cross-sectional study,mixed exposure to phenols and parabens was significantly associated with asthma outcomes,with BPF,PrP,and BPS identified as the primary contributing chemicals.This study provides valuable insights into the association between mixed chemical exposure and asthma as well as potential control pathways.
基金financially supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No.2013AA065201)Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nos.XDB14020101, YSW2013A01, YSW2013B01)
文摘Organophosphate esters（OPEs）, used as flame retardants and plasticizers, are widely present in environmental waters. Development of accurate determination methods for trace OPEs in water is urgent for understanding the fate and risk of this class of emerging pollutants. However, the wide use of OPEs in experimental materials results in blank interference, which influences the accuracy of analytical results. In the present work, blank contamination and recovery of pretreatment procedures for analysis of OPEs in water samples were systematically examined for the first time. Blank contaminations were observed in filtration membranes, glass bottles, solid phase extraction cartridges, and nitrogen blowing instruments. These contaminations could be as high as 6.4–64 ng/L per treatment. Different kinds of membranes were compared in terms of contamination levels left after common glassware cleaning, and a special wash procedure was proposed to eliminate the contamination from membranes. Meanwhile, adsorption of highly hydrophobic OPEs on the inside wall of glass bottles was found to be 42.4%–86.1%, which was the primary cause of low recoveries and was significantly reduced by an additional washing step with acetonitrile. This work is expected to provide guidelines for the establishment of analysis methods for OPEs in aqueous samples.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 20607004)the Capital Health Research and Development of Special(grant number 2014-1-3011)
文摘Methotrexate （MTX） is a cytotoxic drug widely used in the treatment of tumors, autoimmune diseases and severe asthma, jen00883This drug has been frequently detected in the aquatic environment with concentrations up to μg/L levels. The MTX present in environmental water might be transformed and removed during chlorination disinfection treatment. In this work, the fate of MTX during aqueous chlorination was investigated in laboratory batch experiments, and the transformation products of MTX were identified. Aqueous solutions of MTX （1 mg/L） were chlorinated by sodium hypochlorite solution at room temperature under neutral pH conditions. Chlorinated products were pre-concentrated with solid-phase extraction （SPE） cartridges and determined by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry （LC-ESI-MS/MS）. The reaction of MTX chlorination exhibited pseudo-first-order kinetics and the half-life time of MTX degradation was calculated to be 1.65 min, when the initial chlorine concentration was 2 mg/L. Two chlorinated MTX congeners, 4-amino-3-chlorinated-N10-methylpteroylglutamic （monochloro-MTX） and 4-amino-3,5-dichloro-N10-methylpteroylglutamic （dichloro-MTX） were found in the chlori- nated solution. Monochloro-MTX was successfully fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） and its structure was further identified using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） analysis. The presence of the two products in real hospital wastewater was then examined and both compounds were detected. Finally, the effects of MTX and monochloro-MTX on the cell cycle progression in vitro were evaluated using zebrafish liver cell line. It was found that both compounds could inhibit the proliferation of zebrafish liver cells through S phase arrest and their effects on the cell cycle profile had no significant difference.
