Introduction:Current international guidelines encourage cancer patients to engage in physical activity and recommend mind-body therapies(MBTs)as a method for treating cancer-related pain(CRP).However,the most effectiv...Introduction:Current international guidelines encourage cancer patients to engage in physical activity and recommend mind-body therapies(MBTs)as a method for treating cancer-related pain(CRP).However,the most effective MBTs for improving CRP in this population remain unknown.Therefore,this network meta-analysis(NMA)aimed to assess and rank the relative efficacy of different MBTs for CRP,and to conduct subgroup analyses according to different cancer types and stages of treatment.Content:Eight electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that compared differentMBTs to improve pain in adults living with cancer.RCTs were evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.A random effects network meta-analysis was performed within a frequentist framework.Of the 4,916 articles retrieved and screened against the selection criteria.36 studies with a total 2,387 participants were eligible to be included in the analysis.Qigong demonstrated significantly greater effects than Usual care(standardized mean difference[SMD]-0.85,95% confidence interval[CI]-1.46 to -0.24),Waitlist(SMD−0.93,-1.77 to -0.08),and Massage(SMD-1.71,-3.20 to -0.23),with the highest surface under the cumulative ranking value of 86.5%,was ranked first.It was preceded by Conventional exercise(75.2%),Taichi(74.9%),with Massage having the lowest rank(7.2%).In a subgroup analysis of breast cancer,Taichi(89.6%),Conventional exercise(68.4%),and Pilates(68.3%)ranked as the top three.Summary and outlook:This network meta-analysis indicates that Qigong and Tai Chi are among the most effective mind–body therapies(MBTs)for managing cancer-related pain and may serve as complementary adjuvant treatments for patients with cancer.展开更多
Preharvest bagging is a simple,grower-friendly and safe physical protection technique commonly applied to many fruits,and the application of different fruit bags can have various effects.To explore the molecular mecha...Preharvest bagging is a simple,grower-friendly and safe physical protection technique commonly applied to many fruits,and the application of different fruit bags can have various effects.To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the fruit quality effects of different bagging treatments,digital gene expression(DGE)profiling of bagged and unbagged‘Chili’(Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)pear pericarp during development was performed.Relative to unbagged fruit,a total of 3022 and 769 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were detected in the polyethylene(PE)-bagged and non-woven fabric-bagged fruit,respectively.DEGs annotated as photosynthesis-antenna proteins and photosynthesis metabolism pathway were upregulated in non-woven fabric-bagged fruit but downregulated in the PE-bagged fruit.Non-woven fabric bagging inhibited lignin synthesis in‘Chili’pear pericarp by downregulating DEGs involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis;consequently,the fruit lenticels in non-woven fabric-bagged fruit were smaller than those in the other treatments.The results indicate that the non-woven fabric bagging method has a positive effect on the appearance of‘Chili’pear fruit but neither of the two bagging treatments is conducive to the accumulation of soluble sugar.展开更多
The turbulent boundary layer control on NACA 0012 airfoil with Mach number ranging from 0.3 to 0.5 by a spanwise array of dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)plasma actuators by hot-film sensor technology is investigated...The turbulent boundary layer control on NACA 0012 airfoil with Mach number ranging from 0.3 to 0.5 by a spanwise array of dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)plasma actuators by hot-film sensor technology is investigated.Due to temperature change mainly caused through heat produced along with plasma will lead to measurement error of shear stress measured by hot-film sensor,the correction method that takes account of the change measured by another sensor is used and works well.In order to achieve the value of shear stress change,we combine computational fluid dynamics computation with experiment to calibrate the hot-film sensor.To test the stability of the hot-film sensor,seven repeated measurements of shear stress at Ma=0.3 are conducted and show that confidence interval of hot-film sensor measurement is from−0.18 to 0.18 Pa and the root mean square is 0.11 Pa giving a relative error 0.5%over all Mach numbers in this experiment.The research on the turbulent boundary layer control with DBD plasma actuators demonstrates that the control makes shear stress increase by about 6%over the three Mach numbers,which is thought to be reliable through comparing it with the relative error 0.5%,and the value is hardly affected by burst frequency and excitation voltage.展开更多
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)spectroscopy is presented as a sensitive and spe-cific molecular tool for clinical diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of various diseases including cancer.In order for clinical a...Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)spectroscopy is presented as a sensitive and spe-cific molecular tool for clinical diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of various diseases including cancer.In order for clinical application of SERS technique,an ideal method of bulk synthesis of SERS nanoparticles is necessary to obtain sensitive,stable and highly reproducible Raman signals.In this contribution,we determined the ideal conditions for bulk synthesis of Raman reporter(Ra)molecules embedded silver-gold core-shell nanoparticles(Au@Ra@AgNPs)using hydroquinone as reducing agent of silver nitrate.By using UV-Vis spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy(TEM),we found that a 2∶1 ratio of silver nitrate to hydroquinone is ideal for a uniform silver coating with a strong and stable Raman signal.Through stability testing of the optimized Au@Ra@AgNPs over a two-week period,these SERS nanotags were found to be stable with minimal signal change occurred.The sta-bility of antibody linked SERS nanotags is also crucial for cancer and disease diagnosis,thus,we further conjugated the as-prepared SERS nanotags with anti-EpCAM antibody,in which the stability of bioconjugated SERS nanotags was tested over eight days.Both UV-Vis and SERS spectroscopy showed stable absorption and Raman signals on the anti-EpCAM conju-gated SERS nanotags,indicating the great potential of the synthesized SERS nanotags for future applications which require large,reproducible and uniform quantities in order for cancer biomarker diagnosis and monitoring.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed to discuss the impact of rainfall change on agricultural non-point source pollution in Uangping County. E Method ] Based on daily precipitation data of Liangping from 1955 to 2011, changes ...[Objective] The study aimed to discuss the impact of rainfall change on agricultural non-point source pollution in Uangping County. E Method ] Based on daily precipitation data of Liangping from 1955 to 2011, changes of precipitation and frequency of heavy rain in Uangping during a year were analyzed firstly, and then the risk of surface runoff caused by rainfall to agricultural non-point source pollution was studied, finally chan- ging trends of annual average precipitation and frequency during 1955 -2011 were discussed using Mann-Kendal method. [ Result] Total precipitati- on of heavy rain in Liangping mainly concentrated from late May to early September, especially in eady and middle July as well as early September. Meanwhile, fertilizer and pesticide were applied to main crops in Liangping in the periods above, so agricultural non-point source pollution became more serious. In recent 57 years, annual average precipitation and frequency of heavy rain in Liangping showed an increasing trend respectively, and surface runoff rose with the increase of the precipitation, thereby probably enlarging agricultural pollution area. [ Conclusion] The research could provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the control of agricultural non-point source pollution.展开更多
Based on the official criminal data released by the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department in 2019,this paper discusses the temporal-spatial distribution of various types of crimes in the special wards of Tokyo.The resu...Based on the official criminal data released by the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department in 2019,this paper discusses the temporal-spatial distribution of various types of crimes in the special wards of Tokyo.The results show that:(1)The times of high and low incidence of different types of crime differ significantly.Although vicious crime and violent crime present no obvious monthly distribution,property crime clearly differs between the first and second half of a calendar year.(2)The month before the new year sees a surge in most types of crime.(3)Vicious crime peaks in the hours between night and early morning.Violent crime and property crime correlate positively with the frequency of human interaction and peak in the morning and evening commuting hours.(4)The spatial distribution of crime resembles the concentric circles of the three rings of the special wards of Tokyo,with a central high-incidence area,a center-peripheral low-incidence area,and a marginal high-incidence area.In addition,the center sees more personal crime than the periphery,whereas property crimes show the opposite trend.(5)A spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that the special wards of Tokyo may be grouped into the“high-high”and“low-low”agglomeration modes of different types of crime,with marked differences between the various types of crime.The crime can be divided into three types:central agglomeration,double central agglomeration,and decentralized agglomeration.展开更多
A highly efficient photoelectrochemical(PEC)biosensor for glutathione(GSH)assay was constructed based on the targettriggered etching of CdS@MnO_(2)nanocomposites(NCs).The core-shell CdS@MnO_(2)NCs were prepared by a h...A highly efficient photoelectrochemical(PEC)biosensor for glutathione(GSH)assay was constructed based on the targettriggered etching of CdS@MnO_(2)nanocomposites(NCs).The core-shell CdS@MnO_(2)NCs were prepared by a hydrothermal method and coated on the indium tin oxide(ITO)electrode as a PEC sensing platform.The PEC sensing platform gave a near-zero PEC signal due to the excellent light absorption ability of MnO_(2)nanosheet coating on the CdS nanoparticles.In the presence of GSH,the etching of MnO_(2)on the CdS@MnO_(2)NCs was triggered because of the unique etching reaction between MnO_(2)and GSH,leading to the exposure of inner photoactive nanomaterials,i.e.,CdS in this system.This inevitably causes an obvious increase in the photocurrent response,which is related to the GSH concentration.Thanks to the excellent quenching effect of MnO_(2)on the PEC signal of CdS,acceptable PEC performance of CdS,and the specific interaction between GSH and MnO_(2),the targets-triggered etching strategy exhibited excellent analytical performance for GSH detection with a detection limit of 0.05μmol/L and a linear range from 0.2 to 100μmol/L.The PEC biosensor has advantages such as good selectivity,excellent stability,and low background.This work contributed a fresh idea to detect GSH sensitively through the PEC sensing method.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors for female sexual dysfunction(FSD)in urban and rural China.A prospective cohort study was conducted from February 2014 to January 2016,with follow-up from...This study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors for female sexual dysfunction(FSD)in urban and rural China.A prospective cohort study was conducted from February 2014 to January 2016,with follow-up from June to December 2018.Women aged≥20 years were recruited from urban and rural areas in six provinces of China using a multistage,stratified,cluster sampling method.Sexual function was assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index questionnaire.A total of 16827 women without sexual dysfunction at baseline participated in this study,9489 of them(urban,5321;rural,4168)who had complete information from baseline to follow-up were included in the final analysis.The rate of follow-up was 68.81%,and the median follow-up time was 4.13 years.The 4-year incidence of FSD was 43.07%,with an incidence density of 12.02 per 100 person-years.In particular,the 4-year incidence and incidence density of FSD were 41.03%and 11.88 per 100 person-years in the urban group and 45.68%and 12.17 per 100 person-years in the rural group.Among women with sexual dysfunction,difficulties in sexual desire,satisfaction,and arousal were the main symptoms.In urban women,the risk factors for FSD included age≥45 years(adjusted relative risk 1.69,95%confidence interval 1.57-1.81),hypertension(1.31,1.14-1.49),previous delivery(1.26,1.13-1.41),post-menopausal status(1.20,1.10-1.32),pelvic inflammatory disease(1.13,1.05-1.21),and multiparity(1.11,1.03-1.19).In the rural group,the risk factors significantly associated with FSD were age≥45 years(1.50,1.40-1.61),previous delivery(1.39,1.17-1.65),hypertension(1.18,1.06-1.30),multiparity(1.16,1.07-1.27),and post-menopausal status(1.15,1.07-1.23).FSD is a hidden epidemic condition in China,and the development of prevention strategies should consider the distinct risk factors present in rural and urban areas.展开更多
Pelvic organ prolapse(POP),whose etiology is influenced by genetic and clinical risk factors,considerably impacts women’s quality of life.However,the genetic underpinnings in non-European populations and comprehensiv...Pelvic organ prolapse(POP),whose etiology is influenced by genetic and clinical risk factors,considerably impacts women’s quality of life.However,the genetic underpinnings in non-European populations and comprehensive risk models integrating genetic and clinical factors remain underexplored.This study constructed the first polygenic risk score(PRS)for POP in the Chinese population by utilizing 20 disease-associated variants from the largest existing genome-wide association study.We analyzed a discovery cohort of 576 cases and 623 controls and a validation cohort of 264 cases and 200 controls.Results showed that the case group exhibited a significantly higher PRS than the control group.Moreover,the odds ratio of the top 10%risk group was 2.6 times higher than that of the bottom 10%.A high PRS was significantly correlated with POP occurrence in women older than 50 years old and in those with one or no childbirths.As far as we know,the integrated prediction model,which combined PRS and clinical risk factors,demonstrated better predictive accuracy than other existing PRS models.This combined risk assessment model serves as a robust tool for POP risk prediction and stratification,thereby offering insights into individualized preventive measures and treatment strategies in future clinical practice.展开更多
The development of urban underground space(UUS)is of great significance for sustainable urban development because it has potential to solve many urban problems.However,the development of UUS is limited because there a...The development of urban underground space(UUS)is of great significance for sustainable urban development because it has potential to solve many urban problems.However,the development of UUS is limited because there are still a lot of constraints and challenges.To better understand the constraining factors of developing UUS and improve the development and utilization of UUS,this study conducts a comprehensive survey of existing literature retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database.Five main constraining factors,including the limited geological conditions,high cost,lack of natural light and ventilation,high incidence,and difficulty in collecting data and information on UUS,have been discussed to better understand how they affect the development of UUS.Based on the survey,the critical success factors of developing UUS,such as the effective governance structure,planning system for integrating UUS into urban development,coordination of the design of ground and underground,delineation of land property rights of UUS,and application of information techniques in the use of UUS,have been identified and discussed.In addition,knowledge gaps in the studies on development of UUS have been identified.Finally,the research trends and future directions have been proposed for better understanding and practice of UUS development.展开更多
Based on suitable scaffolds,constructing high-loading single-atom catalysts is a promising strategy to achieve highly efficient catalysis.Herein,using ultrathin metal-organic framework(MOF)nanosheets(2.4±0.5 nm)a...Based on suitable scaffolds,constructing high-loading single-atom catalysts is a promising strategy to achieve highly efficient catalysis.Herein,using ultrathin metal-organic framework(MOF)nanosheets(2.4±0.5 nm)as the support,single-atom catalysts with high cobalt loading(6.0 wt%)were constructed(denoted as Co-MNSs)by a simple bottom-up synthetic strategy.The catalytic system of Co-MNSs exhibited an outstanding photocatalytic CO_(2)-to-CO evolution rate of 7,041μmol g^(-1)h^(-1)and a selectivity of 86%in aqueous media under visible-light irradiation,which has reached the top level of the reported MOF-based photocatalysts.The control experiments and theoretical calculation revealed that the Co-N_(4)moiety in the MOF nanosheets acted as the active site for the photocatalytic CO_(2)-to-CO conversion.The boosted photocatalytic performance could be ascribed to the high aspect-ratio of layered Co-MNSs providing abundant accessible active sites on their surfaces,which reduced the energy barrier,improved the charge separation efficiency,and also facilitated the adsorption of CO_(2)to form the reactive radicals of*COOH.Our study provides an appealing strategy for constructing high-loading single-atom catalysts and demonstrates the significance of 2D ultrathin MOF nanosheets as the support in boosting CO_(2)photoreduction efficiency.展开更多
High-speed visualization of three-dimensional(3D)processes across a large field of view with cellular resolution is essential for understanding living systems.Light-field microscopy(LFM)has emerged as a powerful tool ...High-speed visualization of three-dimensional(3D)processes across a large field of view with cellular resolution is essential for understanding living systems.Light-field microscopy(LFM)has emerged as a powerful tool for fast volumetric imaging.However,one inherent limitation of LFM is that the achievable lateral resolution degrades rapidly with the increase of the distance from the focal plane,which hinders the applications in observing thick samples.Here,we propose Spherical-Aberration-assisted scanning LFM(SAsLFM),a hardware-modification-free method that modulates the phase-space point-spread-functions(PSFs)to extend the effective high-resolution range along the z-axis by~3 times.By transferring the foci to different depths,we take full advantage of the redundant light-field data to preserve finer details over an extended depth range and reduce artifacts near the original focal plane.Experiments on a USAF-resolution chart and zebrafish vasculatures were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the method.We further investigated the capability of SAsLFM in dynamic samples by imaging large-scale calcium transients in the mouse brain,track-ing freely-moving jellyfish,and recording the development of Drosophila embryos.In addition,combined with deep-learning approaches,we accelerated the three-dimen-sional reconstruction of SAsLFM by three orders of magnitude.Our method is compat-ible with various phase-space imaging techniques without increasing system complex-ity and can facilitate high-speed large-scale volumetric imaging in thick samples.展开更多
Segmenting images of coal piles on a belt is an unsolved problem in coal-based machine vision research, though it is an essential step for estimating size distribution and classifying coal. In this investigation, a ne...Segmenting images of coal piles on a belt is an unsolved problem in coal-based machine vision research, though it is an essential step for estimating size distribution and classifying coal. In this investigation, a new algorithm for segmenting images of coal piles on a belt is proposed. A multi^scale linear filter, constructed of a Hessian matrix and Gaussian function, forms the core of this algorithm and obtains an edge intensity image to form good seed regions for a watershed segmentation. Manual segmentation is used to define ground truth segmentation images to quantify the errors of the proposed method. Tests indicate that 12.76% of the visible regions are under- or over-segmented, and that this algorithm is feasible and effective in practical applications.展开更多
Owing to the unique advantages of surface enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)in high sensitivity,specificity,multiplexing capability and photostability,it has been widely used in many applications,among which SERS biosens...Owing to the unique advantages of surface enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)in high sensitivity,specificity,multiplexing capability and photostability,it has been widely used in many applications,among which SERS biosensing and bioimaging are the focus in recent years.The successful applications of SERS for non-invasive biomarker detection and bioimaging under in vitro,in vivo and ex vivo conditions,offer significant clinical information to improve diagnostic and prognostic outcomes.This review provides recent developments and applications of SERS,in particular SERS nanotags in biosensing and bioimaging,describing case studies in which different types of biomarkers have been investigated,as well as outlining future challenges that need to be addressed before SERS sees both pathological and clinical use.展开更多
Background:Early-stage ampullary adenomas have only been reported in a small case series on endoscopic management.Hence,this study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of early ampullary adenoma with endoscopic ma...Background:Early-stage ampullary adenomas have only been reported in a small case series on endoscopic management.Hence,this study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of early ampullary adenoma with endoscopic management and identify the risk factors for acute pancreatitis after endoscopic papillectomy(EP).Methods:In this study,115 patients who underwent EP at Changhai Hospital(Shanghai,China)between January 2012 and December 2018 were retrospectively analysed.Endoscopy was performed at 1,3,6,and 12months after EP.Data were statistically analysed using the t-test or the Mann–Whitney U test.Results:A total of 107 patients were included in this study and the follow-up period was 75643 months.The average age of the 107 patients was 54.6 years and the average tumor size was 17mm.The average age of the patients(53.7610.7 years vs 55.2610.5 years,P=0.482),minimum tumor size(13 vs 19mm,P=0.063),and complete resection rate(84.78%vs 85.25%,P=0.947)did not differ significantly between the stent placement and non-stent placement groups.Post-EP acute pancreatitis rates in the non-stent placement and stent placement groups were 11.48%and 4.35%,respectively.The risk of post-EP acute pancreatitis was significantly associated with the preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level in univariate analysis,but not in multivariate analysis.The risk of post-EP acute pancreatitis was not significantly associated with the placement of the pancreatic stent in either univariate or multivariate analysis.Moreover,delayed proximal pancreatic duct stenosis was not noted in either group during long-term follow-up.Conclusions:EP is a satisfactory option for treating adenomas of the ampulla of the duodenum.展开更多
Artificial synapses are electronic devices that simulate important functions of biological synapses,and therefore are the basic components of artificial neural morphological networks for brain-like computing.One of th...Artificial synapses are electronic devices that simulate important functions of biological synapses,and therefore are the basic components of artificial neural morphological networks for brain-like computing.One of the most important objectives for developing artificial synapses is to simulate the characteristics of biological synapses as much as possible,especially their self-adaptive ability to external stimuli.Here,we have successfully developed an artificial synapse with multiple synaptic functions and highly adaptive characteristics based on a simple SrTiO_(3)/Nb:SrTiO_(3)heterojunction type memristor.Diverse functions of synaptic learning,such as short-term/long-term plasticity(STP/LTP),transition from STP to LTP,learning–forgetting–relearning behaviors,associative learning and dynamic filtering,are all bio-realistically implemented in a single device.The remarkable synaptic performance is attributed to the fascinating inherent dynamics of oxygen vacancy drift and diffusion,which give rise to the coexistence of volatile-and nonvolatile-type resistive switching.This work reports a multi-functional synaptic emulator with advanced computing capability based on a simple heterostructure,showing great application potential for a compact and low-power neuromorphic computing system.展开更多
基金supported by the program of Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine(2023B110003)the Research Foundation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau of Guangdong Province(20231,067)the Guangdong Hopson-Pearl River Education Development Foundation(No.H20190116202012724).
文摘Introduction:Current international guidelines encourage cancer patients to engage in physical activity and recommend mind-body therapies(MBTs)as a method for treating cancer-related pain(CRP).However,the most effective MBTs for improving CRP in this population remain unknown.Therefore,this network meta-analysis(NMA)aimed to assess and rank the relative efficacy of different MBTs for CRP,and to conduct subgroup analyses according to different cancer types and stages of treatment.Content:Eight electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that compared differentMBTs to improve pain in adults living with cancer.RCTs were evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.A random effects network meta-analysis was performed within a frequentist framework.Of the 4,916 articles retrieved and screened against the selection criteria.36 studies with a total 2,387 participants were eligible to be included in the analysis.Qigong demonstrated significantly greater effects than Usual care(standardized mean difference[SMD]-0.85,95% confidence interval[CI]-1.46 to -0.24),Waitlist(SMD−0.93,-1.77 to -0.08),and Massage(SMD-1.71,-3.20 to -0.23),with the highest surface under the cumulative ranking value of 86.5%,was ranked first.It was preceded by Conventional exercise(75.2%),Taichi(74.9%),with Massage having the lowest rank(7.2%).In a subgroup analysis of breast cancer,Taichi(89.6%),Conventional exercise(68.4%),and Pilates(68.3%)ranked as the top three.Summary and outlook:This network meta-analysis indicates that Qigong and Tai Chi are among the most effective mind–body therapies(MBTs)for managing cancer-related pain and may serve as complementary adjuvant treatments for patients with cancer.
基金This study was funded by a National Natural Science Foundation of China project(31201608)the China Modern Research Technology System(CARS-29-07)a Shandong Modern Fruit Technology Industry System project(SDAIT-06-06).
文摘Preharvest bagging is a simple,grower-friendly and safe physical protection technique commonly applied to many fruits,and the application of different fruit bags can have various effects.To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the fruit quality effects of different bagging treatments,digital gene expression(DGE)profiling of bagged and unbagged‘Chili’(Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)pear pericarp during development was performed.Relative to unbagged fruit,a total of 3022 and 769 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were detected in the polyethylene(PE)-bagged and non-woven fabric-bagged fruit,respectively.DEGs annotated as photosynthesis-antenna proteins and photosynthesis metabolism pathway were upregulated in non-woven fabric-bagged fruit but downregulated in the PE-bagged fruit.Non-woven fabric bagging inhibited lignin synthesis in‘Chili’pear pericarp by downregulating DEGs involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis;consequently,the fruit lenticels in non-woven fabric-bagged fruit were smaller than those in the other treatments.The results indicate that the non-woven fabric bagging method has a positive effect on the appearance of‘Chili’pear fruit but neither of the two bagging treatments is conducive to the accumulation of soluble sugar.
基金the European Commission through the Research and Innovation action DRAGY(Drag Reduction via Turbulent Boundary Layer Flow Control)under Grant No.690623+1 种基金the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(MIIT)of the Chinese governmentsupport received from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11572256).
文摘The turbulent boundary layer control on NACA 0012 airfoil with Mach number ranging from 0.3 to 0.5 by a spanwise array of dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)plasma actuators by hot-film sensor technology is investigated.Due to temperature change mainly caused through heat produced along with plasma will lead to measurement error of shear stress measured by hot-film sensor,the correction method that takes account of the change measured by another sensor is used and works well.In order to achieve the value of shear stress change,we combine computational fluid dynamics computation with experiment to calibrate the hot-film sensor.To test the stability of the hot-film sensor,seven repeated measurements of shear stress at Ma=0.3 are conducted and show that confidence interval of hot-film sensor measurement is from−0.18 to 0.18 Pa and the root mean square is 0.11 Pa giving a relative error 0.5%over all Mach numbers in this experiment.The research on the turbulent boundary layer control with DBD plasma actuators demonstrates that the control makes shear stress increase by about 6%over the three Mach numbers,which is thought to be reliable through comparing it with the relative error 0.5%,and the value is hardly affected by burst frequency and excitation voltage.
基金This work was supported by the Australian Research Council(ARC)through its Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics(CE140100003)ARC Discovery Projects(DP200102004).
文摘Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)spectroscopy is presented as a sensitive and spe-cific molecular tool for clinical diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of various diseases including cancer.In order for clinical application of SERS technique,an ideal method of bulk synthesis of SERS nanoparticles is necessary to obtain sensitive,stable and highly reproducible Raman signals.In this contribution,we determined the ideal conditions for bulk synthesis of Raman reporter(Ra)molecules embedded silver-gold core-shell nanoparticles(Au@Ra@AgNPs)using hydroquinone as reducing agent of silver nitrate.By using UV-Vis spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy(TEM),we found that a 2∶1 ratio of silver nitrate to hydroquinone is ideal for a uniform silver coating with a strong and stable Raman signal.Through stability testing of the optimized Au@Ra@AgNPs over a two-week period,these SERS nanotags were found to be stable with minimal signal change occurred.The sta-bility of antibody linked SERS nanotags is also crucial for cancer and disease diagnosis,thus,we further conjugated the as-prepared SERS nanotags with anti-EpCAM antibody,in which the stability of bioconjugated SERS nanotags was tested over eight days.Both UV-Vis and SERS spectroscopy showed stable absorption and Raman signals on the anti-EpCAM conju-gated SERS nanotags,indicating the great potential of the synthesized SERS nanotags for future applications which require large,reproducible and uniform quantities in order for cancer biomarker diagnosis and monitoring.
基金the Innovative and Entrepreneurship Training Program for Undergraduates in China in 2013(201310643003)Innovative and Entrepreneurship Training Program for Undergraduates in Chongqing in 2012(201210643009)+1 种基金Scientific and Technological Research Project of Education of Chongqing(KJ091106)Project for Young Scholars of Chongqing Three Gorges University(11QN-22)
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to discuss the impact of rainfall change on agricultural non-point source pollution in Uangping County. E Method ] Based on daily precipitation data of Liangping from 1955 to 2011, changes of precipitation and frequency of heavy rain in Uangping during a year were analyzed firstly, and then the risk of surface runoff caused by rainfall to agricultural non-point source pollution was studied, finally chan- ging trends of annual average precipitation and frequency during 1955 -2011 were discussed using Mann-Kendal method. [ Result] Total precipitati- on of heavy rain in Liangping mainly concentrated from late May to early September, especially in eady and middle July as well as early September. Meanwhile, fertilizer and pesticide were applied to main crops in Liangping in the periods above, so agricultural non-point source pollution became more serious. In recent 57 years, annual average precipitation and frequency of heavy rain in Liangping showed an increasing trend respectively, and surface runoff rose with the increase of the precipitation, thereby probably enlarging agricultural pollution area. [ Conclusion] The research could provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the control of agricultural non-point source pollution.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1811464)。
文摘Based on the official criminal data released by the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department in 2019,this paper discusses the temporal-spatial distribution of various types of crimes in the special wards of Tokyo.The results show that:(1)The times of high and low incidence of different types of crime differ significantly.Although vicious crime and violent crime present no obvious monthly distribution,property crime clearly differs between the first and second half of a calendar year.(2)The month before the new year sees a surge in most types of crime.(3)Vicious crime peaks in the hours between night and early morning.Violent crime and property crime correlate positively with the frequency of human interaction and peak in the morning and evening commuting hours.(4)The spatial distribution of crime resembles the concentric circles of the three rings of the special wards of Tokyo,with a central high-incidence area,a center-peripheral low-incidence area,and a marginal high-incidence area.In addition,the center sees more personal crime than the periphery,whereas property crimes show the opposite trend.(5)A spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that the special wards of Tokyo may be grouped into the“high-high”and“low-low”agglomeration modes of different types of crime,with marked differences between the various types of crime.The crime can be divided into three types:central agglomeration,double central agglomeration,and decentralized agglomeration.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22304146,21874115,and 21675136)Program for Innovative Research Team in Science and Technology in University of Henan Province(24IRTSTHN004)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(232300420389)Key Scientific Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province(24A150037,22A150022)Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis(SKLBA2205)the Nanhu Young Scholar Supporting Program of XYNU。
文摘A highly efficient photoelectrochemical(PEC)biosensor for glutathione(GSH)assay was constructed based on the targettriggered etching of CdS@MnO_(2)nanocomposites(NCs).The core-shell CdS@MnO_(2)NCs were prepared by a hydrothermal method and coated on the indium tin oxide(ITO)electrode as a PEC sensing platform.The PEC sensing platform gave a near-zero PEC signal due to the excellent light absorption ability of MnO_(2)nanosheet coating on the CdS nanoparticles.In the presence of GSH,the etching of MnO_(2)on the CdS@MnO_(2)NCs was triggered because of the unique etching reaction between MnO_(2)and GSH,leading to the exposure of inner photoactive nanomaterials,i.e.,CdS in this system.This inevitably causes an obvious increase in the photocurrent response,which is related to the GSH concentration.Thanks to the excellent quenching effect of MnO_(2)on the PEC signal of CdS,acceptable PEC performance of CdS,and the specific interaction between GSH and MnO_(2),the targets-triggered etching strategy exhibited excellent analytical performance for GSH detection with a detection limit of 0.05μmol/L and a linear range from 0.2 to 100μmol/L.The PEC biosensor has advantages such as good selectivity,excellent stability,and low background.This work contributed a fresh idea to detect GSH sensitively through the PEC sensing method.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72104247),the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2023YFC2706000 and 2023YFC2706001)National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(Nos.2022-PUMCH-B-087 and 2022-PUMCH-A-023).
文摘This study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors for female sexual dysfunction(FSD)in urban and rural China.A prospective cohort study was conducted from February 2014 to January 2016,with follow-up from June to December 2018.Women aged≥20 years were recruited from urban and rural areas in six provinces of China using a multistage,stratified,cluster sampling method.Sexual function was assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index questionnaire.A total of 16827 women without sexual dysfunction at baseline participated in this study,9489 of them(urban,5321;rural,4168)who had complete information from baseline to follow-up were included in the final analysis.The rate of follow-up was 68.81%,and the median follow-up time was 4.13 years.The 4-year incidence of FSD was 43.07%,with an incidence density of 12.02 per 100 person-years.In particular,the 4-year incidence and incidence density of FSD were 41.03%and 11.88 per 100 person-years in the urban group and 45.68%and 12.17 per 100 person-years in the rural group.Among women with sexual dysfunction,difficulties in sexual desire,satisfaction,and arousal were the main symptoms.In urban women,the risk factors for FSD included age≥45 years(adjusted relative risk 1.69,95%confidence interval 1.57-1.81),hypertension(1.31,1.14-1.49),previous delivery(1.26,1.13-1.41),post-menopausal status(1.20,1.10-1.32),pelvic inflammatory disease(1.13,1.05-1.21),and multiparity(1.11,1.03-1.19).In the rural group,the risk factors significantly associated with FSD were age≥45 years(1.50,1.40-1.61),previous delivery(1.39,1.17-1.65),hypertension(1.18,1.06-1.30),multiparity(1.16,1.07-1.27),and post-menopausal status(1.15,1.07-1.23).FSD is a hidden epidemic condition in China,and the development of prevention strategies should consider the distinct risk factors present in rural and urban areas.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82171621 to Lei Li,82271656 to Lan Zhu,82171614 to Na Chen)the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(No.2022-PUMCH-A-231 to Lei Li)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFC2706000,2023YFC2706001,2021YFC2701301 to Lan Zhu,2021YFC2701400 to Shan Deng)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7232125 to Na Chen)CAMS Initiative Fund to Medical Sciences(No.2022-I2M-C&T-B-029 to Na Chen).
文摘Pelvic organ prolapse(POP),whose etiology is influenced by genetic and clinical risk factors,considerably impacts women’s quality of life.However,the genetic underpinnings in non-European populations and comprehensive risk models integrating genetic and clinical factors remain underexplored.This study constructed the first polygenic risk score(PRS)for POP in the Chinese population by utilizing 20 disease-associated variants from the largest existing genome-wide association study.We analyzed a discovery cohort of 576 cases and 623 controls and a validation cohort of 264 cases and 200 controls.Results showed that the case group exhibited a significantly higher PRS than the control group.Moreover,the odds ratio of the top 10%risk group was 2.6 times higher than that of the bottom 10%.A high PRS was significantly correlated with POP occurrence in women older than 50 years old and in those with one or no childbirths.As far as we know,the integrated prediction model,which combined PRS and clinical risk factors,demonstrated better predictive accuracy than other existing PRS models.This combined risk assessment model serves as a robust tool for POP risk prediction and stratification,thereby offering insights into individualized preventive measures and treatment strategies in future clinical practice.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51938008 and 52090084).
文摘The development of urban underground space(UUS)is of great significance for sustainable urban development because it has potential to solve many urban problems.However,the development of UUS is limited because there are still a lot of constraints and challenges.To better understand the constraining factors of developing UUS and improve the development and utilization of UUS,this study conducts a comprehensive survey of existing literature retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database.Five main constraining factors,including the limited geological conditions,high cost,lack of natural light and ventilation,high incidence,and difficulty in collecting data and information on UUS,have been discussed to better understand how they affect the development of UUS.Based on the survey,the critical success factors of developing UUS,such as the effective governance structure,planning system for integrating UUS into urban development,coordination of the design of ground and underground,delineation of land property rights of UUS,and application of information techniques in the use of UUS,have been identified and discussed.In addition,knowledge gaps in the studies on development of UUS have been identified.Finally,the research trends and future directions have been proposed for better understanding and practice of UUS development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52073173,21890730,21890733,and22231007)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2022JJ40120)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Hunan Province(22B0602)the Program for Basic Research of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(19JC1410400,and 19JC1410404)the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(19XD1421700)。
文摘Based on suitable scaffolds,constructing high-loading single-atom catalysts is a promising strategy to achieve highly efficient catalysis.Herein,using ultrathin metal-organic framework(MOF)nanosheets(2.4±0.5 nm)as the support,single-atom catalysts with high cobalt loading(6.0 wt%)were constructed(denoted as Co-MNSs)by a simple bottom-up synthetic strategy.The catalytic system of Co-MNSs exhibited an outstanding photocatalytic CO_(2)-to-CO evolution rate of 7,041μmol g^(-1)h^(-1)and a selectivity of 86%in aqueous media under visible-light irradiation,which has reached the top level of the reported MOF-based photocatalysts.The control experiments and theoretical calculation revealed that the Co-N_(4)moiety in the MOF nanosheets acted as the active site for the photocatalytic CO_(2)-to-CO conversion.The boosted photocatalytic performance could be ascribed to the high aspect-ratio of layered Co-MNSs providing abundant accessible active sites on their surfaces,which reduced the energy barrier,improved the charge separation efficiency,and also facilitated the adsorption of CO_(2)to form the reactive radicals of*COOH.Our study provides an appealing strategy for constructing high-loading single-atom catalysts and demonstrates the significance of 2D ultrathin MOF nanosheets as the support in boosting CO_(2)photoreduction efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62088102,62071272,61827804,62131011,62222508).
文摘High-speed visualization of three-dimensional(3D)processes across a large field of view with cellular resolution is essential for understanding living systems.Light-field microscopy(LFM)has emerged as a powerful tool for fast volumetric imaging.However,one inherent limitation of LFM is that the achievable lateral resolution degrades rapidly with the increase of the distance from the focal plane,which hinders the applications in observing thick samples.Here,we propose Spherical-Aberration-assisted scanning LFM(SAsLFM),a hardware-modification-free method that modulates the phase-space point-spread-functions(PSFs)to extend the effective high-resolution range along the z-axis by~3 times.By transferring the foci to different depths,we take full advantage of the redundant light-field data to preserve finer details over an extended depth range and reduce artifacts near the original focal plane.Experiments on a USAF-resolution chart and zebrafish vasculatures were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the method.We further investigated the capability of SAsLFM in dynamic samples by imaging large-scale calcium transients in the mouse brain,track-ing freely-moving jellyfish,and recording the development of Drosophila embryos.In addition,combined with deep-learning approaches,we accelerated the three-dimen-sional reconstruction of SAsLFM by three orders of magnitude.Our method is compat-ible with various phase-space imaging techniques without increasing system complex-ity and can facilitate high-speed large-scale volumetric imaging in thick samples.
基金the Sponsorship by Research Innovation Program for College Graduates of Jiangsu Province in China for funding this project
文摘Segmenting images of coal piles on a belt is an unsolved problem in coal-based machine vision research, though it is an essential step for estimating size distribution and classifying coal. In this investigation, a new algorithm for segmenting images of coal piles on a belt is proposed. A multi^scale linear filter, constructed of a Hessian matrix and Gaussian function, forms the core of this algorithm and obtains an edge intensity image to form good seed regions for a watershed segmentation. Manual segmentation is used to define ground truth segmentation images to quantify the errors of the proposed method. Tests indicate that 12.76% of the visible regions are under- or over-segmented, and that this algorithm is feasible and effective in practical applications.
基金the Australian Research Council(ARC)Discovery Early Career Research Award(DECRA-DE 140101056)to Y.W.
文摘Owing to the unique advantages of surface enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)in high sensitivity,specificity,multiplexing capability and photostability,it has been widely used in many applications,among which SERS biosensing and bioimaging are the focus in recent years.The successful applications of SERS for non-invasive biomarker detection and bioimaging under in vitro,in vivo and ex vivo conditions,offer significant clinical information to improve diagnostic and prognostic outcomes.This review provides recent developments and applications of SERS,in particular SERS nanotags in biosensing and bioimaging,describing case studies in which different types of biomarkers have been investigated,as well as outlining future challenges that need to be addressed before SERS sees both pathological and clinical use.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82100661)the school project of Naval Medical University(2021QN31).
文摘Background:Early-stage ampullary adenomas have only been reported in a small case series on endoscopic management.Hence,this study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of early ampullary adenoma with endoscopic management and identify the risk factors for acute pancreatitis after endoscopic papillectomy(EP).Methods:In this study,115 patients who underwent EP at Changhai Hospital(Shanghai,China)between January 2012 and December 2018 were retrospectively analysed.Endoscopy was performed at 1,3,6,and 12months after EP.Data were statistically analysed using the t-test or the Mann–Whitney U test.Results:A total of 107 patients were included in this study and the follow-up period was 75643 months.The average age of the 107 patients was 54.6 years and the average tumor size was 17mm.The average age of the patients(53.7610.7 years vs 55.2610.5 years,P=0.482),minimum tumor size(13 vs 19mm,P=0.063),and complete resection rate(84.78%vs 85.25%,P=0.947)did not differ significantly between the stent placement and non-stent placement groups.Post-EP acute pancreatitis rates in the non-stent placement and stent placement groups were 11.48%and 4.35%,respectively.The risk of post-EP acute pancreatitis was significantly associated with the preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level in univariate analysis,but not in multivariate analysis.The risk of post-EP acute pancreatitis was not significantly associated with the placement of the pancreatic stent in either univariate or multivariate analysis.Moreover,delayed proximal pancreatic duct stenosis was not noted in either group during long-term follow-up.Conclusions:EP is a satisfactory option for treating adenomas of the ampulla of the duodenum.
基金the National Key Research&Development Program of China(No.2021YFB3601504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072218,12222414,12074416)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong province(Nos.ZR2022YQ43 and ZR2020ZD28)Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Resources Foundation Joint Guide Project(No.LH2020E098)Peixin Fund of Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)(No.2023PY093).
文摘Artificial synapses are electronic devices that simulate important functions of biological synapses,and therefore are the basic components of artificial neural morphological networks for brain-like computing.One of the most important objectives for developing artificial synapses is to simulate the characteristics of biological synapses as much as possible,especially their self-adaptive ability to external stimuli.Here,we have successfully developed an artificial synapse with multiple synaptic functions and highly adaptive characteristics based on a simple SrTiO_(3)/Nb:SrTiO_(3)heterojunction type memristor.Diverse functions of synaptic learning,such as short-term/long-term plasticity(STP/LTP),transition from STP to LTP,learning–forgetting–relearning behaviors,associative learning and dynamic filtering,are all bio-realistically implemented in a single device.The remarkable synaptic performance is attributed to the fascinating inherent dynamics of oxygen vacancy drift and diffusion,which give rise to the coexistence of volatile-and nonvolatile-type resistive switching.This work reports a multi-functional synaptic emulator with advanced computing capability based on a simple heterostructure,showing great application potential for a compact and low-power neuromorphic computing system.
